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1.
基于2017—2018年中国气象局高分辨率数值预报产品、甘肃实时城镇预报产品和国家级地面观测站数据,利用小波分析、滑动训练、最优融合等技术,研发出甘肃省智能网格高低温客观订正产品。检验分析表明:城镇预报产品、滑动训练订正产品、最优融合产品3种订正产品对CMA预报均有订正能力,3种客观订正产品的最高气温订正能力强于最低气温订正能力;滑动训练法与最优融合法产生的高低温订正产品,在系统误差明显地区(甘南、陇南等)的预报结果要好于模式客观预报,而高低温城镇预报产品在气温局地性强或者模式客观预报能力差的区域有优势;最优融合预报方法生成的高低温产品预报能力略高于滑动训练订正产品且与现有预报员制作城镇预报产品基本持平,初步具备了替代主观预报的能力。 相似文献
2.
以欧洲中期天气预报中心 (ECMWF) 模式细网格地面气温为预报因子,设计多种训练期方案进行2014—2015年福建省气象站每日两次1~7 d的日最高气温和日最低气温MOS (model output statistics) 预报,并进行检验和改进。准对称混合滑动训练期方法为取预报日之前和前1年预报日之后相同日数的样本混合而成,分1年期或多年期。结果表明:准对称混合滑动训练期方案优于滑动训练期方案和传统季节固定期分类方案,且2年期优于1年期。以不同周期确定最佳训练期日数的方案应用对比显示,以年为评估周期优于以月为评估周期以及更短时间周期。在2015年日最高气温和日最低气温MOS预报中,基于上年度评估所得最佳训练期日数,2年期准对称混合滑动训练期方案较ECMWF模式细网格产品质量有较大提高,优于预报员预报,有较好的应用参考价值。 相似文献
3.
辽宁地区ECMWF模式气温预报检验及误差订正研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2016—2018年ECMWF细网格模式12—36 h内2 m温度预报产品,选取辽宁地区65个城镇站点观测资料,评估预报产品在不同季节的预报准确率,并按季节分析固定误差订正方法和最优滑动周期订正方法对提高准确率的作用。结果表明：ECMWF模式预报产品对辽宁地区气温预报的准确率表现为,ECMWF模式最高气温冬季预报最优(城镇站点预报准确率为81.5%),最低气温夏季预报最好(城镇站点预报准确率为84.3%);采用最优滑动周期订正后,2016—2018年辽宁地区的最高气温和最低气温准确率较ECMWF模式自身分别提高了19.7%和20.5%,最低气温的预报准确率提高程度优于最高气温;在整个空间分布中,ECMWF模式对辽宁中部平原地区最高(低)气温预报准确率高于东、西部地区,辽宁东北部和西南部以及东南部的长白山余脉影响区域准确率明显低于其他区域。同时,在各季中,最高气温和夏季最低气温的订正预报能力优于其他季节;在地面晴、雨两种特征下,对辽宁地区24 h气温预报进行订正检验表明,该检验结果对辽宁地区最高(低)气温订正有一定补充作用,尤其是冬季降水出现时,最高气温预报补充订正效果最为显著。 相似文献
4.
利用国家气象信息中心CLDAS格点温度实况、中央气象台SCMOC格点温度预报以及山西省站点观测温度,采用非独立性检验综合评估CLDAS在山西区域的适用性。在此基础上,采用滑动训练期订正方案,基于格点实况开展SCMOC温度预报场的客观订正。结果表明:(1)复杂地形对山西CLDAS格点温度实况的精度有一定影响,但最高气温的分析精度优于最低气温,表明地形对最低气温的偏差影响更显著,高海拔地区CLDAS最低气温一般对应为负偏差,低海拔地区一般对应为正偏差。(2)CLDAS格点温度实况的偏差空间分布具有时间延续性,进行简单的系统偏差订正后,最高、最低气温格点实况的精度分别提升1.1%、9.7%,与站点观测更为吻合。(3)基于改进后的CLDAS格点温度实况,采用滑动偏差订正方案,显著改善了山西省SCMOC温度预报的准确率。2019年,滑动偏差订正后的24 h时效最高、最低气温预报准确率较SCMOC温度预报分别提升2.7%、4.7%,订正后的短期温度预报质量有较大提高,优于预报员主观预报。 相似文献
5.
基于中国气象局(China Meterological Administration,CMA)高分辨率数值预报产品、欧洲中期数值预报中心(the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecast,ECMWF)精细化数值预报产品和国家级地面观测站数据,采用小波分析方法及滑动训练、最优融合等技术对模式误差序列进行时频处理,实现了对模式系统误差和局地误差的订正,发展了西北区智能网格气温客观预报方法(northwest intelligent grid temperature objective prediction method,NWTM)。以2017年3月—2018年2月数据作为训练样本,对2018年3月—2019年1月西北区239个国家基本站进行检验。结果表明:1)NWTM对CMA和ECMWF两种模式产品的气温预报能力有显著的提升;随着预报时效增长,两种模式订正产品的误差增大。2)NWTM对ECMWF西北区最高气温的订正效果要明显优于CMA,但就最低气温而言,NWTM对CMA的订正效果更为显著。其中,就24 h最高气温而言,ECMWF在宁夏的订正效果最好,CMA在青海的订正效果最好;而对于24 h最低气温的预报,CMA在西北4省的订正效果相差不大,ECMWF在陕西的订正效果最好。3)空间误差检验表明:针对最高气温的预报,ECMWF订正产品的订正能力明显优于CMA,特别是在甘肃河西走廊和中东部、陕西北部和南部、宁夏中南部及青海大部。就最低气温的预报而言,ECMWF和CMA对甘肃河东和陕西南部的订正能力较好;ECMWF订正产品在宁夏中南部及青海南部的订正能力高于CMA,而CMA订正产品在陕西中部的订正能力更优。 相似文献
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基于欧洲中心中期天气预报(ECMWF)精细化数值预报模式产品资料,采用一元线性回归以及克里金插值,发展了北京地区智能网格温度客观预报方法(Beijing intelligent grid temperature objective prediction method,BJTM),并对2017年1—12月北京地区55个考核站进行检验。结果表明,BJTM对ECMWF细网格模式的温度预报订正能力有显著提升,日最高、最低气温预报准确率分别提高25.4%和11.2%。2018年1—6月的业务运行结果也表明BJTM预报产品的预报结果优于同期ECMWF模式、中央台指导预报及预报员主观预报产品。BJTM可以有效提升北京地区温度预报的精细化能力和水平,有较好的业务应用价值。 相似文献
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基于德国天气在线T7online(简称T7)、ECMWF细网格(简称EC)及T639三种数值模式的气温预报产品,结合本溪站气象观测资料,对三种数值模式2014年1月至2015年12月本溪市气温预报的准确率及预报误差进行了检验和分析,根据误差分析结果利用BP神经网络模型建立了本溪市数值模式气温预报误差客观化订正模型。结果表明:对于气温预报的年检验,T7、EC和T639三种数值模式的最低气温预报准确率均高于最高气温的预报准确率;对于气温预报的月检验,三种数值模式对夏季、秋季最低气温的预报效果明显优于冬季和春季,而对于最高气温的预报,T7的气温预报准确率明显优于EC和T639模式;当气温波动较大时,三种数值模式气温的预报准确率均明显下降。三种数值模式对最低气温预报的平均误差均为2.00℃以内,对最高气温的预报准确率存较大差别,T7模式最高气温的预报误差最小,T639模式气温预报的系统偏差最明显,最低气温系统偏差为-1.34℃,最高气温系统偏差为-2.87℃。根据三种数值模式气温预报误差的特征,结合BP神经网络建立本溪市气温误差预报模型对数值模式气温预报结果进行订正,订正后气温平均绝对误差由2.40℃左右降至1.40℃左右,系统偏差和均方根误差均明显缩小,气温预报准确率由50%左右提高至80%以上,数值模式气温预报准确率明显提高,具有较好的应用价值。 相似文献
8.
《干旱气象》2021,39(4)
利用陕西99个国家气象站2017—2019年日最高(低)气温观测资料,采用一元线性回归和递减平均方法,对GRAPES_Meso、ECMWF和SCMOC的日最高(低)气温预报进行订正,并作对比检验。结果表明,SCMOC、GRAPES_Meso和ECMWF的日最低气温预报准确率较日最高气温偏高,其中SCMOC的日最高和最低气温预报准确率最高,ECMWF次之,GRAPES_Meso最低。一元线性回归和递减平均方法对SCMOC的气温预报订正多为负效果,但对GRAPES_Meso和ECMWF的气温预报订正有明显正效果。订正后ECMWF与订正前SCMOC的预报相比,前者日最高和最低气温的预报准确率偏高。订正后GRAPES_Meso与订正前SCMOC的预报相比,前者日最低气温预报准确率偏低、2018年24 h和2019年24、48 h日最高气温预报准确率偏高。一元线性回归法对模式气温预报的订正能力和稳定性优于递减平均法。 相似文献
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利用2018年10月1日至2019年9月30日北京地区55个地面气象站的实况观测数据对欧洲中期天气预报中心的全球预报（ECMWF thin）、国家气象中心区域预报（Grapes）、北京睿图（RMAPS）、国家级指导预报（SCMOC）、北京智能网格温度客观预报（BJTM）和集合相似预报（AnEn）的逐日最高、最低气温预报结果进行检验评估。结果表明：①ECMWF thin模式预报效果优于Grapes和RMAPS，客观方法BJTM和AnEn对ECMWF thin的改进效果明显。②AnEn在10月至次年4月预报效果好，BJTM在5—9月预报效果好；不同预报时效中，AnEn在短期、中期前段预报效果较好，BJTM在中期5～9 d预报效果相对较好。③以南郊观象台为代表站进行检验，结果显示模式预报均存在明显的系统偏差，客观方法对系统偏差有很好的订正效果。④在降水、大风或无天气系统时，BJTM、AnEn的日最高温度预报准确率较高；雾霾天气背景下，ECMWF thin的最高温度预报准确率较高。雾霾、大风和无天气系统时，ECMWF thin最低温度预报偏差最小，客观方法对模式预报无改进；降水天气背景下，RMAPS和BJTM对最低温度的预报偏差最小。 相似文献
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采用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)全球确定性预报模式地面气温和国家地面站点观测资料,对模式初值场误差、历史误差以及卡尔曼滤波预测误差与实况误差之间的相关性进行分析,设计了4种回归方案订正日最高、最低气温预报偏差,并与ECMWF、中央气象台和全国城镇的预报产品进行了检验对比。结果表明:采用了模式近1～3 d最高(最低)气温和模式最高(最低)气温历史平均误差、初值场误差以及卡尔曼滤波反演误差作为预报因子的改进方案效果最优,经对其2017年日最高和最低气温的预报检验,预报准确率较ECMWF原始模式预报有较明显提高,也明显优于中央气象台指导预报。在空间分布方面,其对地形较为复杂地区的改进效果更好。同时,与当前业务中质量最好的全国城镇预报相比,最高气温预报平均绝对偏差(Mean Absolute Error,MAE)较全国城镇预报低8.24%～13.97%,预报准确率提高1.24%～3.57%,日最低气温平均绝对偏差较城镇预报低9.43%～17.69%,预报准确率提高1.77%～2.72%。在3 d的预报中,对24 h时效内预报相对于48 h和72 h的改进幅度更大,订正效果更加明显。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献