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1.
利用2019年1—12月国家气象信息中心实况格点资料、贵州地面观测站资料以及ECMWF 2m气温0场资料,讨论了相同插值方案下站点数对空间分布的反演效果以及相同测站数下不同插值方案的表现,同时对国家气象信息中心实况格点场进行了检验,并对本地建立的气温格点分析场进行初步评估。结果表明：相同的插值方案下,站数越多越能反映要素场的实际分布状态;基于贵州特殊地形,在相同站数下双线性插值法优于邻域法;通过对国家气象信息中心实况格点分析场评估,日最高、低气温在贵州区域均存在明显误差,其平均绝对误差分别为1.6 ℃与1.1 ℃左右, 平均RMSE分别达2.2 ℃与1.6 ℃。采用Cressman方案对离散观测资料重建的本地化气温格点分析场,其最高、最低气温平均绝对误差降至0.2 ℃与0.1 ℃左右,大幅度降低了与测站观测值的差异,基本可以代替国家气象信息中心下发气温格点分析场,并将为今后我省业务或研究工作中格点预报的客观订正提供新的更符合实际的参考。 相似文献
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利用广东省水文站降水观测实况、国家气象观测站和区域自动站资料,对广东区域2020年的网格实况分析产品质量进行检验评估,结果表明:(1)2020年广东省5和1 km温度网格实况数值与站点实况相近,逐时温度、最高气温、最低气温平均绝对误差均小于1℃;(2)降水网格实况的误差随着降水量级增大而增大,个例对比评估显示1 km实时融合分析降水网格数据优于其他三套降水网格数据;(3)10 m风速网格实况的误差随着风级增大而增大,不分级风速误差小于1 m/s,趋势变化与站点实况接近,个例对比显示1 km的网格数据优于5 km数据。 相似文献
3.
基于陕西省391个自动站逐小时降水量观测数据对国家级格点实况三源融合降水产品的适用性进行检验评估,结果表明:融合降水产品与站点观测之间的误差小、相关性高,但融合降水产品的标准差和极大值明显小于站点观测;相关系数较低的站点以区域站为主,国家气象观测站的效果明显优于区域站;误差时空分布和降水特征关系密切,在降水频次增多和强度增大时,融合降水产品相比站点观测的误差增大。将融合降水产品视为一种“预报”,站点观测资料作为“真值”进行分级检验,结果显示:融合降水产品可以较好反映有无降水,随降水量级增大空报率变化平稳,漏报率增长明显,导致TS评分逐渐下降。对典型个例的误差成因分析显示:融合降水产品可以较好地体现降水起止时间及性质、强弱演变趋势,但对雨强较大的区域性降水、分散性局地强降水表现欠佳。多种指标综合显示:融合降水产品小量级降水准确率高,对大雨以上量级降水强度有一定程度削弱;陕南秦巴山地的融合降水产品与站点观测偏差较大,应用中需特别关注。 相似文献
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对2018年5 km分辨率中国地面气象要素2 m温度、10 m风速和24 h累积降水格点融合产品进行非独立和独立检验。非独立检验结果表明:(1)相比于站点观测,2 m温度格点融合产品整体偏暖,各月平均均方根误差在1℃左右,35℃以上高温和-20℃以下低温天气时均方根误差分别在1℃和2℃以上。(2)10 m风速格点融合产品可准确地描述0~2级风速,但对3级以上,特别是6级以上大风风速描述能力偏弱,主要表现为比实际偏小。(3)卫星-地面观测的二源融合和卫星-雷达-地面观测的三源融合降水格点产品在0~0.1 mm降水区间出现降水面积过大的现象;随着降水量级的增加,两种产品的均方根误差和平均偏差均随之增加,主要表现为降水融合产品的量级比观测偏小。相对而言,三源融合降水格点产品的准确性优于二源融合产品的。独立检验结果表明,三种要素的检验指标随时间或阈值的变化趋势与非独立检验基本一致,且更能表明格点融合产品与观测之间的偏差。主要是因为独立检验中使用到的观测均未参与格点融合产品的制作过程。综上所述,中国地面气象要素格点融合产品对一般天气描述较好,但在高低温、大风或强降水等极端天气时误差较大。 相似文献
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针对离散站点资料格点化的业务需求及 Cressman 方法在地形复杂区域客观分析存在的问 题,利用山东及周边省自动气象站观测的 2 m气温和 ECMWF预报的海上 2 m气温,结合山东省中尺度数值预报位温递减率、90 m分辨率 SRTM高程数据,采用统一高度 Cressman 方法对山东省地面2 m气温进行客观分析,生成了逐 1 h、0.01°×0.01°高分辨率的地面 2 m气温格点产品。结果表明,统一高度 Cressman 方法的客观分析格点产品在地形复杂区域的分析更合理,月平均误差基本在±1 ℃以内,鲁中山区地形高度较高区域月平均误差略大于鲁西北、鲁西南、鲁东南和山东半岛等地的平原地区,气温偏低的10、11、12月温度准确率均略低于 5、6、7、8、9 月;2020 年 5—12 月平均误差为－0.0039 ℃,平均绝对误差为 0.1469 ℃,均方根误差为 0.3597 ℃,2 ℃以内准确率为 99.64%,1 ℃以内准确率为 98.24%,各项检验指标均较优。总体上统一高度 Cressman 客观分析格点产品质量接近中国气象局陆面数据同化系统（ HRCLDAS ）高分辨率格点实况产品。 相似文献
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应用反距离权重插值法,将2019年4—6月江西省气象部门自动气象站和水利部门自动雨量站逐小时降水观测数据,分别转换为分辨率为0.05°×0.05°格点降水资料,以对比分析两种观测系统降水资料的相关性、误差及其时空变化规律。结果表明：1） 气象、水文降水量格点场具有显著相关关系,其中中度及以上相关的格点数占总数的99.54%;两者的平均相关系数为0.93,平均均方根误差为0.56 mm/h,绝对误差为0.13 mm/h,误差为-0.01 mm/h;气象与水文降水总量平均差异在-4%左右。2） 出现零星或短时降水时,气象、水文小时降水量格点场相关性差异较大;而出现系统性降水过程时,两者表现为高度相关。逐时格点平均降水量,在系统性降水的初期和结束期气象类高于水文类,而持续期水文类高于气象类,两者差异在-6%—6%以内。3） 气象、水文降水资料在时间和空间分布上具有较好的一致性,对两者的融合应用可以明显提高站点密度,站网分布更合理,能更准确地反映过程降水的时空变化。 相似文献
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为了将格点观测融合产品用于模式预报产品的滚动订正中,获得精准的预报效果,使用国家气象信息中心HRCLDAS（High Resolution China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System）业务系统产生的高频次格点风场融合产品作为实况资料,采用两种风场模型和8种格点误差订正方案,对模式风预报产品进行订正预报试验,试验选择欧洲中期天气预报中心10 m风预报产品的2017年1月1日—2月28日以及2017年6月1日—7月31日两个时间段,进行了预报模拟试验,对8种格点误差订正方案的订正结果进行检验,同时将订正场插值到站点,使用国家级2400个地面气象站风场资料进行站点检验,结果表明:无论从格点还是站点检验的平均绝对偏差、准确率、绝对偏差分布频率结果看,采用基于模式和实况因子的全格点滑动建模订正方案具有最佳的订正效果。 相似文献
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利用四川省地面自动站2018年6月—2019年5月的逐小时降水观测资料,在邻近插值和双线性插值对比分析的基础上,从晴雨准确率、降水时空特征、降水分量级检验等多个方面,对国家气象信息中心研制的融合降水实况分析产品在四川地区的适用性进行评估分析。评估结果表明:(1)邻近插值和双线性插值对评估结果影响小。(2)融合降水实况分析产品的完整性好,其平均晴雨准确率为92.6%,对探测降水有无存在较大可能。(3)融合降水实况分析产品的数据质量较高,能反映四川区域年内小时降水的时空变化特征,且随着降水量级的增大,误差相应增大,TS评分相应减小,说明在弱降水量级,融合降水实况分析产品与观测降水更接近。(4)非独立检验的效果好于独立检验,盆地的检验效果好于高原、山区等复杂地区,说明参与评估的站点分布、数据质量对评估结果存在一定影响。 相似文献
9.
利用国家气象信息中心CLDAS格点温度实况、中央气象台SCMOC格点温度预报以及山西省站点观测温度,采用非独立性检验综合评估CLDAS在山西区域的适用性。在此基础上,采用滑动训练期订正方案,基于格点实况开展SCMOC温度预报场的客观订正。结果表明:(1)复杂地形对山西CLDAS格点温度实况的精度有一定影响,但最高气温的分析精度优于最低气温,表明地形对最低气温的偏差影响更显著,高海拔地区CLDAS最低气温一般对应为负偏差,低海拔地区一般对应为正偏差。(2)CLDAS格点温度实况的偏差空间分布具有时间延续性,进行简单的系统偏差订正后,最高、最低气温格点实况的精度分别提升1.1%、9.7%,与站点观测更为吻合。(3)基于改进后的CLDAS格点温度实况,采用滑动偏差订正方案,显著改善了山西省SCMOC温度预报的准确率。2019年,滑动偏差订正后的24 h时效最高、最低气温预报准确率较SCMOC温度预报分别提升2.7%、4.7%,订正后的短期温度预报质量有较大提高,优于预报员主观预报。 相似文献
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利用宝鸡地区155个县区级或乡镇级自动站的观测资料与WRF模式的输出产品,检验WRF模式对2013年夏季最高、最低气温和降水预报的效果。结果表明:WRF模式预报的最高、最低气温的空间分布形态与实况较为一致,对于阴天和降水情况下的气温预报具有较高的准确性,最高、最低温度的预报值较实况整体偏低。WRF模式对宝鸡地区东部晴雨预报准确率较高,达到65%以上;凤县、太白最差,仅为40%左右。WRF模式预报的夏季日平均降水量与实况值在量级上较为一致,但空间分布误差较大。模式3个时次预报的逐日降水量能够较为准确地描述夏季各次降水的发生—发展—减弱过程。通过对模式预报的降水量进行分级检验发现,模式对降水的预报能力随着降水量级的增大而减小,空报多于漏报;WRF模式的暴雨预报值得参考。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献