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四川地处长江上游 ,增加森林植被 ,减少森林火灾 ,对于治理水土流失 ,改善生态环境 ,促进长江流域经济发展 ,具有重要意义。NOAA/AVHRR的各个通道对于监测森林火灾都有重要作用 ,通过选择合理的参数值 ,可有效提高NOAA/AVHRR对森林火灾的监测能力。本文以 2 0 0 3年的地面林 (荒 )火资料及四川省农气中心NOAA/AVHRR卫星遥感资料为基础 ,经多次试验 ,认为选择T3>31 7 0K、R2 <0 1 2、T4 >2 6 0K、1 5K 相似文献
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根据2004年的MODIS数据和森林火灾地面调查数据, 以福建省为例, 来探讨典型南方丘陵山区森林火灾发生后火灾面积大小评估的技术方法。在对火区250 m分辨率MODIS数据特征分析的基础上, 通过MODIS近红外通道反射率和归一化植被指数在火灾发生前后的散点图, 结合火区的假彩色合成影像, 利用ENVI软件的ROI处理功能建立火灾面积评估技术方法。对35起森林火灾样本进行评估, 过火面积总体估算误差为15 hm2, 结果表明, 在南方丘陵山区, 应用MODIS数据开展森林火灾面积评估, 能较好地满足业务需求。 相似文献
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卿清涛 《高原山地气象研究》2004,24(4)
四川地处长江上游,增加森林植被,减少森林火灾,对于治理水土流失,改善生态环境,促进长江流域经济发展,具有重要意义.NOAA/AVHRR的各个通道对于监测森林火灾都有重要作用,通过选择合理的参数值,可有效提高NOAA/AVHRR对森林火灾的监测能力.本文以2003年的地面林(荒)火资料及四川省农气中心NOAA/AVHRR卫星遥感资料为基础,经多次试验,认为选择T3>317.0K 、R2<0.12、T4>260K、15K相似文献
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选取了10个新疆火灾EOS／MODIS卫星遥感监测实例,在分析MODIS光谱数据的基础上,结合火场实况,进行了深入研究,结果表明：①由RGB 7．2．1通道合成影像可以发现火场。利用21～31通道差,可确定火场,但当中红外各通道不饱和时,则选择20～31通道差更为有效。截取MODIS光谱数据分析窗,做相应的判识则是最有效的手段。②火点判识参数（阀值）要根据气候和地理的不同来调整,灵活准确的调整参数是发现火点的关键。③将7通道、21通道数据点对点像元重合,可以判断火势当前位置和移动方向。④火灾遥感监测只能提供即时火场面积,通过截取光谱数据分析窗,计算火区像元数,即可估算即时火场面积。 相似文献
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所谓热源点强度指的是气象卫星观測的含有火点像元中亚像元火点面积大小和温度高低的程度。极轨气象卫星AVHRR辐射计具有中红外、热红外及近红外通道，而高温热源点（即火点，如林火、草原火等）在不同红外波段发射辐射率有较大差异。根据高温热源点在不同红外波段（中红外、热红外和近红外波段）的黑体辐射特性和AVHRR通道特点（波长、空间分辨率、亮温动态范围等），可以利用多个红外通道资料估算亚像元火点面积和温度。对于由中红外3.7μm通道和热红外11μm通道混合像元表达式建立的二元非线性方程组，可利用牛顿迭代法求解火点亚 相似文献
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明确气候变化背景下大兴安岭林区气候干湿状况特征,揭示其对森林火灾的影响,可为该区域森林火灾管理和森林资源保护提供科学依据。基于大兴安岭林区1974—2016年标准化降水指数（SPI）,采用统计分析和对比分析方法,系统研究不同干湿情景对森林火灾发生次数及过火面积的影响,并讨论不同等级干旱对其影响的异同性。结果表明:1974—2016年,年、季尺度上大兴安岭林区气候均呈湿润化趋势。森林火灾发生次数多（少）和过火面积大（小）与气候的干湿状况（等级）基本一致,但森林火灾的发生次数与气候干湿状况相关更为密切。年尺度上,SPI与火灾次数呈负相关,与过火面积的自然对数则呈较弱的负相关;季尺度上,各季节SPI与对应的林火次数和过火面积自然对数均呈显著的负相关,但与过火面积的相关程度差异较大,以春季相关最为显著,秋季次之,夏季则相对较弱;不同季节SPI与年林火次数和过火面积自然对数呈负相关,前一年冬季SPI对当年火灾次数的贡献最大。可见,气候干湿状况对森林火灾的影响存在明显的滞后效应。SPI不仅能较好地反映区域气候的干湿状况,亦能较好地指示森林火灾发生的可能性及发生火灾的过火面积的相对变化情况,可为森林火灾预测和管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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1.前言包括人为致火和自然致火两种情况的森林火灾,除了火源以外,天气和气候是一个重要因子.季节或长期天气,气候的影响程度尚有许多不确定性,决定了逐日天气对火行为的影响具有非平稳性,即预报火灾的任一技巧,其解释程度均是有限的.因此,本研究由两部分组成,一是只考虑到气象因子的森林火险天气等级预报自动化系统;二是包括火灾发生总次数,燃烧面积、受损程度等资料,火险 相似文献
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采用新疆“96·7”特大暴雨期间逐日08、20时1°×1°网格常规观测资料和GMS－5红外一、二通道及水汽通道的亮温资料,对比分析了水汽通道亮温场与大气水汽含量场之间的关系,水汽通道亮温高值带对应大气水汽含量场上的干区,低值带对应温区。水汽通道亮温（W）≤230K的区域的分布和走向能够表征水汽输送通道。同时进一步讨论了GMS－5三个通道亮温资料与大气水汽含量之间的相关性,利用一元或多元回归方法拟合大气水汽含量,并对拟合结果进行了误差分析。 相似文献
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对1970—2006年大兴安岭地区森林火灾过火次数与过火面积及其影响因子分析。结果表明：春季是大兴安岭地区火灾易发季节,4—6月易引发较大等级的森林火灾;雷击是引起该地区森林火灾的主要原因,雷击火灾多集中在春季和夏季, 6月份为雷击火多发月;年尺度上,降水量与过火次数显著相关,气温与过火面积显著相关;月尺度上,气温与过火次数显著相关,风速、相对湿度与过火面积显著相关;日尺度上,过火次数与最高气温显著相关,过火面积与相对湿度显著相关;但复相关系数较小,表明对森林火灾的预测不能仅仅选取气象因子,更要考虑火源及可燃物的影响。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献