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卡尔曼滤波法在西峰雷达估测降水中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用卡尔曼滤波校准法,利用地面自动雨量计的降水量值,对庆阳市2007年7月和9月2次降水过程中的2个雨量较明显时段的雷达估测值进行了校准分析,并与雨量计测量的雨量值进行了误差比较分析。结果显示：混合降水过程的校准效果要优于均匀降水过程。校准后,混合降水过程的相对误差从166.4%下降到了7.6%,均匀降水过程的相对误差从284.3%下降到了56.9%。由此可以看出卡尔曼滤波校准法能有效消除雷达估测降水过程中的各种随机噪声,并能提高雷达定量估算区域降水量的精度,同时还较好地保留了雷达探测降水的精细结构。 相似文献
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漂移克里金方法在雷达和雨量计联合估测降水中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
文中介绍了一种新的融合雷达和雨量计数据开展定量估测降水研究的空间信息统计学方法-Kriging with externaldrift(KED)方法.该方法能很好地融合高精度、低时空分辨率的雨量计数据和低精度、高时空分辨率的雷达数据进行插值.通过变异函数描述降水场的空间结构信息,能够充分利用数据间的空间相关性,来改进估测精度和提高处理速度.利用其优良的数学特性,以期在定量估测降水业务研究上进行新的探索和尝试.选用湖南省有代表意义的3次降水过程资料,通过雷达直接估测降水(RAD)、变分校准(VAR)以及KED3种方法,分别与雨量计测量值进行对比分析,选用代表站进行交叉验证结果均表明:RAD的均方差、绝对误差、相对误差最大,VAR次之,而KED最小.KED估测的结果与雨量计测量降水最为接近,估测效果最好;3种方法与雨量计实测值计算一定范围的误差频率,KED估测值具有最小的均方差和最小的标准差,且误差分布相对集中在0值附近,斜度和峰度最佳,试验证明该方法不仅能提高降水估测精度,且优于其他方法,VAR均方差次之,RAD均方差效果相对较差.联合雷达、雨量计估测降水的实质是把雷达估测值与雨量计测量的结果相融合,以雨量计来校准雷达估测值,保留了雷达探测剑降水的中、小尺度精细特征.校准后的雨量场数值接近雨量计测值,而且能够准确反映雷达测得的降水分布形式. 相似文献
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基于漂移克里金融合雷达、雨量计定量估测降水研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文中介绍了一种新的融合雷达和雨量计数据开展定量估测降水研究的空间信息统计学方法—Kriging with external drift(KED)方法。该方法能很好地融合高精度、低时空分辨率的雨量计数据和低精度、高时空分辨率的雷达数据进行插值。通过变异函数描述降水场的空间结构信息,能够充分利用数据间的空间相关性,来改进估测精度和提高处理速度。利用其优良的数学特性,以期在定量估测降水业务研究上进行新的探索和尝试。选用湖南省有代表意义的3次降水过程资料,通过雷达直接估测降水（RAD）、变分校准（VAR）以及KED 3种方法,分别与雨量计测量值进行对比分析,选用代表站进行交叉验证结果均表明：RAD的均方差、绝对误差、相对误差最大,VAR次之,而KED最小。KED估测的结果与雨量计测量降水最为接近,估测效果最好;3种方法与雨量计实测值计算一定范围的误差频率,KED估测值具有最小的均方差和最小的标准差,且误差分布相对集中在0值附近,斜度和峰度最佳,试验证明该方法不仅能提高降水估测精度,且优于其他方法,VAR均方差次之,RAD均方差效果相对较差。联合雷达、雨量计估测降水的实质是把雷达估测值与雨量计测量的结果相融合,以雨量计来校准雷达估测值,保留了雷达探测到降水的中、小尺度精细特征。校准后的雨量场数值接近雨量计测值,而且能够准确反映雷达测得的降水分布形式。 相似文献
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以位于合肥雷达西南100 km的佛子岭闭合流域 (1813 km2) 及该流域的6个子流域为研究区域, 用地面雨量计和雷达-雨量计联合校准两种方法进行流域面雨量计算, 将两种方法计算的面雨量分别作为TOPMODEL (TOPography based hydrological MODEL) 降水-径流模型的输入, 对模型输出结果进行比较。个例分析表明:雷达-雨量计联合测量降水的精度是否高于单独用地面雨量计计算的精度, 在一定程度上取决于用于校准的地面雨量计数目和代表性; 即使雨量计计算的整个流域面雨量与雷达-雨量计联合校准后的结果接近, 对应子流域面雨量的结果仍然会存在差别; 不同方法计算的某一子流域面雨量的差别越大, 则TOPMODEL水文模型输出的该子流域径流深的差别也越大。 相似文献
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C波段双偏振多普勒天气雷达资料分析及在定量估计降水中的应用研究 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：5
基于南京信息工程大学C波段双线偏振多普勒天气雷达(NUIST-CDP)的观测资料,结合南京龙王山SA天气雷达数据、南京信息工程大学大气综合观测基地的OTT Parsivel雨滴谱仪数据、南京市地面雨量计数据,分析NUIST-CDP探测资料的质量及定量降水估计(QPE)精度情况。将NUIST-CDP与SA雷达的回波强度数据进行了对比,发现NUIST-CDP回波强度偏弱;将滴谱仪上方NUIST-CDP测量的反射率因子ZH、差分反射率因子ZDR与滴谱仪数据对比,雷达参量ZH、ZDR与滴谱仪数据变化趋势一致,但整体略偏小;比较差分传播相移率KDP与ZH的变化情况,由差分传播相移ΦDP经最小二乘法计算得到的KDP与ZH数据一致性很好。利用南京地区2015年夏季(5—8月)收集的滴谱数据计算偏振雷达参数,拟合测雨方程,进行两次降水过程个例的QPE分析,并与南京地区雨量计数据进行了对比。结果表明:R(KDP)测雨精度最高,R(KDP,ZDR)次之,使用偏振参量能明显提高降雨估算精度;R(ZH)、R(ZH,ZDR)方法测雨反演结果低于地面雨量计雨量值,且低于SA雷达反演结果。 相似文献
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新一代天气雷达定量降水估测集成系统 总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4
降水的定量测量是天气雷达的重要应用之一,新一代天气雷达定量降水估测集成系统(QPEGS)是一套基于新一代天气雷达的雷达雨量计联合估测降水软件,利用多种雨量计校准雷达降水的方法,生成1小时降水分布。其产品的时间分辨率达10分钟,空间分辨率1 km×1 km,适合省市级业务台站使用。过去3年的数据评估表明:校准雨量计数量和估测精度有明显正相关,校准雨量计数越多,降水估测精度越高,2003年的小时降水估测误差约40%,过程降水量的估测误差小于20%;雨量计密度保持不变的情况下,降水时段越长,降水区域越大,降水估测的精度也越高。 相似文献
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利用新一代天气雷达基数据资料和天津三次不同类型降水天气过程的降水量资料,采用变分校准方法,以校准区域内所有雨量计校准雷达得到的估测降水场作为"真值场",对比分析14种不同密度雨量计网校准雷达估测降水的效果,并对雨量计网中单个雨量计站点对校准雷达的贡献进行试验分析。结果表明:（1）参加校准的雨量计密度较小时,雷达估测降水的误差较大,估测效果不好;随校准雨量计密度的不断加大,雷达估测降水的偏差明显减小、估测精度不断提高并逐渐趋于稳定。（2）校准不同类型降水需要的雨量计密度不同,这与降水的性质有关;当校准雷达估测降水的效果与"真值场"的相当时,所需的雨量计密度为121 km2·部-1。（3）在雨量计校准网中任意增加降水量不为零的站点,会在增加的站点周围出现估测偏差（高估或低估）,偏差的大小与站点降水量相对于其周围雨量计平均值的大小有关、偏差的影响范围则与站点周围雨量计的分布密度有关。（4）任意增大（减小）雨量计校准网中单个站点的降水量会使雷达对站点周围降水的估计偏高（偏低）,高（低）估的程度及影响范围与站点降水量增大（减小）的多少及站点周围雨量计分布密度有关,而与降水类型及降水随时间的演变无关。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献