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1.
利用2004-2009年EOS/MODIS卫星遥感积雪资料,分析了阿克苏地区积雪的时空分布特征以及冬季积雪对流域春季径流的影响。结果表明：阿克苏地区积雪属低盖度季节性积雪,积雪主要分布在北部山区,山区中段积雪较厚,冬季1-10cm积雪增加明显。前冬11-20cm积雪对托什干河春季径流的影响更显著,前冬积雪对库马拉克河春季径流的作用不明显。 相似文献
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天山托木尔峰南坡科其喀尔冰川流域径流模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
天山冰雪融水是塔里木河的重要补给水源。利用融雪径流模型(SRM)对天山南坡科其喀尔冰川流域冰雪径流进行模拟研究。基于流域的气象梯度观测,确定了不同高度带降水梯度和月气温直减率。基于2007和2008年的实测径流值优化确定了各月的积雪、裸冰以及表碛覆盖冰的度日因子值。模拟结果表明,融雪和融冰径流过程都得到了比较好的模拟。流域径流对气候变化的响应研究表明,气温是敏感因子。气温分别升高1℃、2℃和4℃时,以融雪径流为主的3—5月径流分别增加48%、155%和224%,以冰川径流为主的5—10月径流分别增加30%、77%和104%。气候变化也会影响流域径流过程,气温升高4℃、降水增加20%时,春季径流峰值出现时间由5月中旬提前到4月20日左右。流量由6 m3/s增大到17 m3/s。 相似文献
3.
基于高空与地面观测的阿克苏河流域气候水文要素变化分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究基于地面和高空资料,分析了阿克苏河流域1960—2015年的气候和水文变化特征,并探讨了高空气候变量在径流反演中的作用。结果表明,在全球变化背景下,阿克苏河流域地表温度呈显著升高趋势,线性倾向率为0.18℃/10a（-0.09~0.43℃/10a);流域降水总体呈增加趋势,增加速率为10.42 mm/10a（2.23~21.11 mm/10a)。阿拉木图、伊宁和库车3个高空探测站的0℃层高度总体呈上升趋势。相对于1960—1989年,1990—2015年3个站的0℃层高度分别增加了88.9 m、29.4 m和7.2 m。联合使用地面气温、降水和高空0°层高度资料,能显著提高阿克苏河流域夏季流量反演效果。 相似文献
4.
阿克苏河流域降水量特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
据1967～2001年阿克苏河流域5个站点的降水资料,分析了多年来阿克苏河流域降水量特征值、年代变化及季节变化特征,得出了降水量呈现增加趋势。 相似文献
5.
水储量变化可视为气候变化对水文系统影响的指示器。基于GRACE数据,结合气候数据和冰川积雪数据,分析了近10 a年来阿克苏河流域的水储量变化。研究结果表明:(1)过去10 a间阿克苏河流域的水储量呈递减趋势,减少速率为-0.12±0.85 cm/a,且春季表现为正距平,而秋季表现为负距平;(2)山区冰川退缩和积雪消融是该流域山区水储量减少的主要原因,近半个世纪以来冰川物质平衡为负平衡,同时近十年来积雪面积递减速率为-24 km~2/a;(3)阿克苏河流域的耕地面积的迅速增加导致了地下水过度超采,是绿洲区水储量减少的主要驱动因子。 相似文献
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基于1954—2014年乌江流域站点的逐月径流与NCEP/NCAR的逐月位势高度、风矢量资料、比湿及垂直速度资料,采用相关分析、回归分析、合成分析等方法,研究了冬半年南支槽与汛期乌江流域径流的关系,并探讨了其对乌江流域径流影响的可能机制。结果表明,冬半年各月南支槽强度指数(Southern Branch Trough Index,SBTI)与5月乌江流域径流有着稳定且显著的负相关关系,且基于冬半年月份SBTI构建的线性回归模型可以很好地预测5月径流;因此,冬半年南支槽指数可以作为乌江流域5月径流的预报因子。合成分析表明,南支槽强年,青藏高原南侧西风带波动强烈,且槽前风场差值呈气旋性异常,伴随着乌江流域的南风矢量,为槽前暖湿气流向乌江流域的输送提供了水平动力;副热带高压强度的减弱可能使得来自西太平洋的水汽流向乌江流域,强化了水汽向乌江的输送;南支槽强年乌江流域低层到高层水汽含量显著增加,垂直上升运动可持续到300 h Pa,加强了乌江流域的水汽辐合和对流运动,有利于该流域降水的产生,进而使得径流量显著增加。 相似文献
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利用博斯腾湖流域开都河、黄水沟和清水河的出山口水文站月径流量和气象站月平均数据，开展变化特征分析和径流变化对气候因子的响应研究。结果表明，博斯腾湖流域年际气候变化以气温上升为主，降水量增加趋势不显著；域内主要河流径流量持续上升。突变检验发现，三条入湖河流90年代之前径流量增加主要是域内降水量增加的结果，随后受气温上升导致冰雪消融加快也对径流量的增加有贡献。相关分析结果显示，博斯腾湖三条入湖河流年径流量变化主要受4月和7月降水因子影响。此外，开都河的径流变化还表现出对8月气温和降水的显著响应，同时开都河流域集水区冰川的面积和占比均大于黄水沟和清水河流域，这表明冰川融水补给对开都河径流的影响大于黄水沟和清水河。所建立的气候因子-径流量多元线性回归模型，能够很好的模拟开都河、黄水沟和清水河的径流变化过程，证明了博斯腾湖流域水文变化受气候因子的显著影响。 相似文献
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利用吉林省2003—2018年春季土壤湿度数据及同期的气温、降水数据,分析了春季土壤湿度的时空分布特征及其与气候因子的关系.结果表明:吉林省春季土壤湿度总体上呈西低东高分布趋势,16 a无明显趋势变化,2010年是土壤由适宜、轻旱向适宜、偏湿状态发展的转折期.春季土壤湿度与降水量呈正相关关系,与平均气温为负相关关系.季节尺度上,影响春季土壤湿度的主要气候因子是前一年秋季和冬季降水量、前一年冬季平均气温、当年春季平均气温.候尺度上,气温影响时效为4候或以上;降水影响时效为1～2候.春耕生产服务中应重点关注前1～2候的降水情况. 相似文献
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根据DELWARE温度和降水数据、GLDAS蒸散发数据和湄公河干流9个水文站的实测径流,采用回归分析、均值T检验和低通滤波,分析了该流域气候和径流在1950-2017年间的变化情况,经分析表明流域内气候和径流在研究时段内有较大变化,而且在不同的月份呈现不同的变化特征。流域年平均温度整体呈增加趋势,2008年后的平均温度相对2008年前平均温度有显著增加;流域年平均降水的变化幅度不大;流域平均蒸散发在12月-次年2月呈下降趋势,其他月份呈增加趋势,2008-2017年月平均蒸散发与1950-2007年月平均蒸散发相比大幅提升,尤其是在6-10月;湄公河流域年径流没有显著变化,但径流在12月-次年4月呈上升趋势,7-10月呈下降趋势,其中,上升趋势比下降趋势显著,1-4月径流上升趋势在2008年之后更为显著;最小径流在2008年后有显著增加趋势,最大径流在2008年后呈下降趋势;年流量逆转次数自20世纪90年代起有明显升高趋势。通过比较温度、降水、蒸散发和径流在不同时间段的变化情况,可以看出径流在2008年后变化趋势和气候自然变化关系不显著,但可能跟大坝蓄水能力显著提高等人为活动有较大关系。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献