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1.
利用全国664站1961—2012年逐日霾观测资料、降水量、平均风速和最大风速资料,分析中国霾日数变化特征及其气候成因。结果表明：我国年霾日数分布呈明显东多西少特征,中东部大部地区年霾日数在5～30 d,部分地区超过30 d,西部地区基本在5 d以下。霾日数主要集中在冬半年,冬季最多,秋季和春季次之,夏季最少,12月是霾日数最多的月份,约占全年霾日数的2成。我国中东部地区冬半年平均霾日数呈显著的增加趋势（1.7 d/10a）,霾日数显著增加时段主要在1960年代、1970年代和21世纪初,在1970年代初和21世纪初发生了明显均值突变。从区域分布来看,华南、长江中下游、华北等地霾日数呈增加趋势,而东北、西北东部、西南东部霾日数呈减少趋势。持续性霾过程增加,持续时间越长的霾过程比持续时间短的霾过程增加更为明显。不利的气候条件加剧了霾的出现。霾日数与降水日数在中东部地区基本以负相关为主,中东部冬半年降水日数呈减少趋势（-4 d/10a）,表明降水日数的减少导致大气对污染物的沉降能力减弱。另一方面,霾日数与平均风速和大风日数以负相关为主,而与静风日数则以正相关为主,冬半年平均风速和大风日数减小,静风日数增加,表明风速减小导致空气中污染物不易扩散,从而更易形成霾天气。 相似文献
2.
利用青海省河南县气象站1968—2017年逐日大风观测资料,采用气候统计分析方法,分析河南县大风气候变化趋势。结果表明:近50a河南县年平均风速为2.2m/s,以气候倾向率0.14(m·s~(-1))/10a呈显著下降趋势;最大风速平均值为18.0m/s,以气候倾向率以1.64(m·s~(-1))/10a呈显著性减小趋势;年平均大风日数为38.4d,以气候倾向率6.7d/10a呈显著性减少趋势;一年之中各月均有可能出现大风天气,其中3月出现大风天气最多,9月最少,月变化非常明显;出现大风天气最多的季节为春季,其次冬季,秋季最少;1980年出现大风日数最多,共出现大风日数为75d;1997年出现大风日数最少,仅14d;从年代际来看,70年代为大风天气高值期,年均大风日数为56.7d。 相似文献
3.
利用1961-2010年四川盆地122个气象站观测资料,分析四川盆地年平均霾日数时空分布特征及霾日数季节和年变化趋势。探讨近50 a四川盆地大气干消光系数、风速、能源消耗和人口等因素与霾日数之间的关系。结果表明：1961-2010年四川盆地122个站年平均霾日数为62.5 d,最多的站可达100.0 d以上。霾日数有明显季节变化,四川盆地冬季霾日数最多（28.4 d）,春、秋季次之,夏季最少（5.9 d）。四川盆地有104个站霾日数年变化呈增加的趋势,其中有71个站通过了置信度99 %的检验,霾日数增加最多的是四川省内江地区的戚远,气候倾向率为42.0 d/10 a;霾日数增加最少的是成都市的新都,气候倾向率为0.4 d/10 a。四川盆地有18个站霾日数年变化呈下降趋势,仅7个站点通过了置信度99 %的信度检验,霾日数减少最多的是四川北部广元地区的南江,气候倾向率为-16.7 d/10 a。霾日数的年变化与大气干消光系数呈显著正相关,与风速呈显著负相关,与四川盆地的能源消耗和人口增长呈显著正相关。 相似文献
4.
基于江西省85个气象站逐日气象观测资料,采用M-K非参数检验、MuDFiT多概率分布函数拟合等方法,研究了江西省1961—2015年气温时空变化特征和极端气温重现期。结果表明,近55a来江西省年平均气温呈显著上升趋势,累计升
温约0.94 ℃,冬季增温最明显,赣北和赣中地区增温幅度较大。年平均最高气温以20世纪80年代中期为分界点,之前呈显著下降趋势,降温率为0.8 ℃/(10a),之后显著上升,升温率为0.4 ℃/(10a),赣中和赣东北地区极端高温频次最高。年平均最低气温呈显著上升趋势,升温率为0.8 ℃/(10a),赣北极端低温频次最高。对于40 ℃以上高温重现期,上饶、抚州和吉安站为10a一遇,南昌、九江、宜春、景德镇、鹰潭、新余和萍乡站为30a一遇,赣州站则为50a一遇;对于-10 ℃以下低温重现期,景德镇和抚州站为50a一遇,南昌和萍乡站为100a一遇。 相似文献
5.
《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2018,(6)
选取新疆百里风区代表站51495旧站址(七角井国家基本气象站)1956—1998年和新站址(十三间房国家基本气象站)1999—2016年逐月大风日数、平均风速、最多风向,以及迁站前后对比观测和平行观测等资料进行分析,采用线性回归、相关分析、均一性检验等方法,分析资料的连续性及大风的年、季、月变化特征及趋势。结果表明:迁站后资料序列呈现出不连续性,未通过t检验,资料无法连续使用。十三间房站在迁站前年大风日数呈显著的波动上升趋势,倾向率为6.74 d·(10 a)~(-1),其中夏季增加最明显;年平均风速呈微弱的减小趋势,倾向率为-0.01 m·s~(-1)·(10 a)~(-1),秋季下降最显著;年主导风向以北风(N)和静风为主。迁站后年大风日数呈显著减少趋势,递减率为-6.72 d·(10 a)~(-1),其中春季减小最明显;年平均风速减小趋势较迁站前明显,倾向率为-0.31 m·s~(-1)·(10 a)~(-1),除了冬季其它三季下降趋势基本相似;年和各季主导风向发生频率基本一致,以偏北风(N、NNW、NNE)为主。 相似文献
6.
对1971-2000年营口地区各月大风及大风日数等要素资料的分析表明：1971-2000年营口地区各月最大风速≥6级和≥8级的日数表现为春季＞冬季＞秋季＞夏季,≥6级和≥8级的年大风日数均呈递减趋势,变化速率分别为-27.4 d/10a和-6.7 d/10a;1981-2000年营口地区最大风速≥6级和≥8级的年大风日数变化速率分别为-13.1 d/10a和-6.1 d/10a,反映出1971-2000年大风日数递减趋势较1981-2000年显著,春夏季（3-6月）递减趋势尤为显著。气温日较差减小所导致的局地环流减弱可能是营口地区大风日数减少的一个原因。 相似文献
7.
利用1971—2009年河南省110个气象站观测资料,采用气候统计学分析方法,对河南省大风日数时间演变、空间分布及与扬沙和沙尘暴日数的关系进行分析。结果表明：近39a来,河南省年平均大风日数以2.2d/10a的速率显著减少;四季大风日数亦均呈显著减少,表现出春季（0.8d/10a）大于冬季（0.6d/10a）大于秋季（0.4d/10a）大于夏季（0.3d/10a）的特征。无论在年尺度还是季尺度,河南省大风日数表现出随年代增加而减少的趋势。河南省大风天气主要出现在春季和冬季,集中于春季（3—5月）,占全年的40.8%,秋季最少;4月最多（15.5%）9,月最少（1.9%）。河南省大风日数的空间分布与地形有很大关系,大风日数较多的区域主要分布在太行山东南部以及海拔自低至高的河南省中北部地区,而在地势较为平坦的东部地区和山系较多海拔较高的西部地区相对较少。1971—2009年,河南省年平均扬沙日数和沙尘暴日数随时间增加均显著减少,其减少速率分别为0.4d/10a和0.3d/10a。相关分析表明,年平均扬沙日数和沙尘暴日数与年平均大风日数平均呈极显著正相关,其相关系数分别为0.88和0.75;大风日数随时间的变化对沙尘天气随时间的变化具有显著作用,大风日数的减少是沙尘天气减少的主要原因。 相似文献
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利用南极长城站1985—2014年所获取的地面常规气象观测资料,对其气温、风和降水变化特征进行分析,结果表明:长城站年平均气温为-2.2℃,气候变化趋势率为0.079℃/10a,近30a长城站气温升高了0.24℃,秋季气温增速最大。年平均风速为7.3m/s,最多风向为ESE;大风天气多,年平均大风日数为133d,冬季大风日数(13d)较其它季节多,春季平均风速(7.9m/s)较其它季节大,大风主要风向集中出现在N—W、S—E两个方向区间。降水主要以雪和雨夹雪为主;月平均降水量45.5mm,降水日数为25d,降水日数无显著的季节性变化;夏季降水量呈减少趋势,其它三季降水量呈增多趋势;年降水量为546.5mm,年降水日数为296d,降水量变化趋势与以往结论相左,近30a长城站的降水量呈增多趋势,气候变化趋势率为41.8mm/10a。 相似文献
9.
利用1961～2012年宁夏22个气象台站逐日天气现象、能见度、相对湿度资料,采用气候倾向率、趋势系数、最大熵谱分析、突变分析等方法,分析了宁夏各区域雾日数和霾日数的空间分布及变化趋势。结果表明：宁夏雾目数、霾日数均呈南北多、中间少的空间特征,但雾日数南部最多,而霾日数北部最多。近52a来,雾日数除南部山区呈不显著的减少趋势外,其他3个区域均呈增多趋势,而霾日数各区域均呈显著的增多趋势;另外,二者均有明显的阶段性演变特征,1961—1980年为明显偏少阶段,1981～2000年为波动变化阶段,2001年以后为明显偏多阶段;雾日数具有较明显的准7．5a,4．3a周期振荡,霾日数具有较明显的准4．6a、3,0a周期振荡;各区域雾日数与霾日数均未发生突变现象。 相似文献
10.
本文利用统计分析法、线性趋势分析法等方法对泰来县国家基本气象站近61a(1958-2108年)大风观测资料进行统计分析,分别分析了大风日数与风速的年际、季节、月度的变化特征。结果表明:近61a来,年际大风日数整体呈波动下降趋势,下降倾向率1.8d/10a;春季大风日数最多,占全年的66%,且月平均风速在4月也为全年最大值4.7m/s;年平均风速呈现与大风日数相似的波动下降趋势,1987年之前偏大,2001年之后逐渐减小,直至2010年后逐步稳定在3.1m/s左右;各季节平均风速表现为春季>秋季>冬季>夏季。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献