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1.
2021年2月24—25日河南出现一次伴高架雷暴的暴雪天气过程,各级气象台站业务预报对该过程中雷暴均漏报,对降雪量级预报也偏小。利用常规气象观测资料、双偏振雷达产品和NCEP 1°×1°逐6 h再分析资料,重点分析了这次暴雪过程中高架雷暴的环境条件及双偏振雷达参量特征。结果表明:(1)东移加深的中纬度高空槽、700 hP a发展北上的西南急流与地面扩散南下的冷空气等天气尺度系统相互作用触发对流,造成暴雪过程出现高架雷暴。(2)该过程最强水汽输送位于700 h Pa,水汽通量大值带位于河南沿黄(河)一带,河南上空水汽充足,为中层不稳定层结建立和对流触发提供了有利的热力条件。(3)低槽前部两个次级环流圈上升支叠加为雷暴发生和降雪增强维持提供了强的上升运动;0—6 km较强垂直风切变有利于对称不稳定发展;700 hPa西南风急流辐合作用配合高空槽大尺度强迫使得中高层不稳定能量释放,从而触发对流。(4)高架雷暴发生时,雷达回波强度≥45 dBz、顶高超过-20℃层,“牛眼”结构和辐合上升区长时间维持有利于产生雷暴;雷达双偏振参量相关系数(CC)较小(0.7～0.9)、差分相移率(KD... 相似文献
2.
2015年河南首场区域暴雪伴高架雷暴过程分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《气象研究与应用》2015,(4)
利用常规观测资料、1°×1°NCEP分析资料和雷达资料,对2015年河南首场区域暴雪伴高架雷暴过程的天气形势、大气层结和水汽、动力、能量等物理量场的特征及雷达回波特征进行分析。结果发现:500h Pa高空低槽、700h Pa低空切变线和低空急流是此次暴雪天气的主要影响系统;700h Pa西南急流和850~925h Pa低空东北以及东风急流为河南上空输送充足的水汽,同时850~925h Pa低空急流为暴雪提供了深厚的冷垫。暴雪天气出现时西南急流加强、湿层增厚,河南上空具有强水平风垂直切变说明大气层结动力不稳定、对称不稳定。水汽通量大值区和水汽通量散度大值区与降水大值区较吻合;散度和垂直速度大值区与强降水区域对应较好;对流不稳定能量释放有利于暴雪天气的出现;高层对称不稳定能量释放是桐柏出现雷暴天气的原因之一。雷达径向速度图上零线两次出现清晰完整的"S"形状对应暖平流加强,暴雪出现在暖平流强盛的时间段内,28日14时河南南部地区对流回波强度为35~40d Bz,回波顶高8km,对流云顶高度达到了-40℃~-20℃的温度层,有助于雷暴天气出现。 相似文献
3.
2016年初冬陕西一次高架雷暴天气过程分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用常规地面高空观测资料、西安和安康多普勒天气雷达观测资料、欧洲中心细网格模式预报等资料对2016年11月22日发生在陕西地区的一次雷暴过程进行诊断分析,结果表明：陕西中南部雷暴区位于地面冷锋后350~500 km的区域内,雷暴区3 km以下是深厚的冷垫,同时中低层存在明显的逆温层,低层是绝对稳定的大气层结,这说明此次雷暴天气为高架雷暴。通过诊断饱和假相当位温、假相当位温、湿位涡和绝对涡度表明不同地区不稳定机制是不同的。西安地区不稳定机制为条件性对称不稳定,安康地区不稳定机制为条件性不稳定。在条件性对称不稳定区域,降雪回波呈现出数个平行带状回波,与0~6 km风切变矢量(西西南风)平行;在条件性不稳定区域,降水回波为小尺度的块状回波。强垂直风切变表明大气斜压性强,中高层暖湿气流增强了大气的湿斜压性,从而使中高层形成条件性对称不稳定,产生倾斜对流;中低层偏南气流输送暖平流和水汽,使得大气较为暖湿,中高层温度平流较弱,大气较干,形成位势不稳定,锋面抬升中低层暖湿大气使其饱和,位势不稳定转化为条件性不稳定,产生垂直对流。不稳定与上升运动及回波高度有着较好的对应关系。 相似文献
4.
利用雨滴谱仪、多普勒天气雷达、微波辐射计、地面加密自动站、EC再分析资料及气候整编资料等多源观测资料,分析了2018年4月4—5日,北京地区罕见暴雪过程的极端性及形成机制。结果表明:(1)此次过程是北京地区4月首次出现纯雪日,降雪量和积雪深度均突破历史同期记录,1000～850 hPa温度标准化异常SD值均小于-3,日降雪量排在整个冷季的前5%,是一次极端天气过程。(2)低层强冷空气入侵形成冷垫,700 hPa强西南低空急流输送充沛水汽,使北京地区上空800～500 hPa产生条件性对称不稳定,暖空气在锋区以上的强上升运动触发不稳定能量,产生高架对流,局地雷达回波具有夏季对流单体的倾斜结构特征,有利于暴雪增幅。(3)降雪过程先后受到两次冷空气叠加影响,前期强冷空气持续剧烈降温导致低层温度偏低,使得温度达到降雪阈值,是此次极端降雪过程产生的主要原因。(4)微波辐射计监测显示,降雪的起止时间与逆温具有良好的对应关系,降水相态主要取决于1 km以下的温度变化。 相似文献
5.
曹舒娅 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2019,13(4):88-95
利用1°×1°NCEP客观分析资料,对2014年3月19日发生在江苏地区的一次高架雷暴天气过程的成因进行了天气学分析。结果表明：此次雷暴过程是江苏初春一次典型的“高架雷暴”天气过程,前期500hPa高空槽引导地面冷空气南下,地面先后受两股冷空气影响,地面附近存在较强逆温,暖湿空气在冷垫之上爬升。850hPa附近浅薄的对流不稳定层和0-3km强烈的垂直风切变共同为此次过程提供弱热力不稳定和强动力不稳定条件。此次过程850hPa附近存在强烈的锋生。雷暴发生的水汽主要源自孟加拉湾,沿江苏南上空存在明显的水汽积聚。雷暴发生期间回波强度最大达55dBZ,移速达75km/h,使得沿江一带自西向东产生雷暴。垂直风廓线上可见此次对流天气有较强的西南暖湿气流。强回波质心发展高度在4.5km左右,强回波发展高度主要在0度层高度之下,-20度层高度高于江苏春季冰雹发生时的预报指标,以及垂直上升运动强度不强和伸展高度不高是此次过程没有产生冰雹的主要原因;0度层高度、-20度层高度以及大气可降水量均低于江苏春季发生短时强降水的最低指标,是此次过程没有产生大范围短时强降水的主要原因。 相似文献
6.
利用常规观测、多普勒天气雷达和ERA—Interim再分析资料(0.25°×0.25°),对2016年11月22日陕西东南部地区一次伴有雷暴的暴雪天气过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:(1)此次暴雪是在低层东路回流冷空气与中层暖湿气流共同作用下形成的,700 hPa存在强的风向风速辐合,辐合区前部16 m/s的西南急流,为暴雪产生提供了有利的动力和水汽条件。急流加强是降雪增幅的主要原因。(2)冷季、强的锋区和低空急流、冷垫、逆温层、锋区之上湿的中性到条件不稳定层结、强切变低CAPE、雷达带状回波是此类天气预报中需要关注的特征。(3)整体层状云降水中,局地对流性云团旺盛发展,是此次暴雪的云系特征,暴雪发生在对流云团加强西伸、移速减缓的时段;与本地暖季相比,暴雪对流云团的面积较小,最大反射率因子所在的高度较高。(4)由动力锋生产生的次级环流上升支促使冷垫之上的暖湿气流快速上升,触发条件对称不稳定能量释放,使气块在逆温层之上获得正浮力,是暴雪发生并伴有雷暴的主要物理机制。 相似文献
7.
利用MICAPS资料、NCEP1°×1°再分析资料和卫星云图、宝鸡多普勒雷达资料,对陕西关中2010年9月3日和2013年9月12日两次飑线天气过程(下分别简称"9·3"过程、"9·12"过程)的环境场和形成机制及中尺度特征进行了分析。结果表明:两次过程天气背景和机制不同,"9·3"过程为槽前型,其中层干侵入致使对流不稳定发展、低涡切变提供了初始上升运动和较强的水汽辐合,地面上雷暴高压形成的切变线是飑线的触发机制和组织发展系统;"9·12"过程为槽后型,高层干冷平流的侵入加强了对流不稳定层结,水汽辐合偏弱,地面干线是强对流的触发机制。两次过程中尺度系统特征明显,卫星云图上为对流单体合并为中β尺度云团;雷达图上为雷暴单体弥合为带状回波,进而出现弓形回波,弓形回波中存在中层径向辐合对应的强回波核;强回波的三体散射是出现冰雹天气的主要特征。 相似文献
8.
我国东北地区暴雪形成机理的个例研究 总被引：42，自引：0，他引：42
应用NCEP资料分析了2000年1月1-2日发生在我国东北地区的一次暴雪过程。研究表明：这次暴雪发生在两槽两脊的大尺度环流背景下，是高空西风急流和低空西南风急流上下耦合作用的结果。高空急流提供动力不稳定条件，低空急流是暴雪区水汽的提供者和对流不稳定能量释放的触发者；暴雪区还具备上冷下暖热力不稳定条件，暴雪区是北支锋区南压的结果。暴雪区的对流不稳定高度位于850hPa，湿位涡负值中心与暴雪区有较好的对应关系，由于低空急流对湿位涡的输送，使得暴雪区条件性对称不稳定加强，有利于暴雪的形成。 相似文献
9.
2010年春季陕西中南部一次暴雪和雷暴天气的触发条件及中尺度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用常规气象资料和FY-2C卫星云图TBB(云顶亮温)、多普勒雷达、NCEP等资料,对2010年4月13日晚到14日上午陕西中部暴雪以及陕南雷暴天气的特点、环境场条件和中尺度系统的演变进行对比分析。结果表明:强高空锋区和青藏高原东移的低槽是造成陕西关中北部暴雪及陕南南部雷暴的影响系统;700hPa西南风急流输送的水汽和不稳定能量,横切变上较强的风速、风向辐合产生强的上升运动是产生暴雪和雷暴的动力条件;动力强迫作用在这次雷暴、暴雪过程中起到重要作用,与高空锋区、高空急流及低空急流相联系的次级环流上升支是这次雷暴的触发机制之一;过程前期低层被冷空气控制,存在较明显的锋面逆温,逆温层之上的气块绝热上升获得浮力导致雷暴,说明这次过程存在着高架雷暴;暴雪过程存在着中尺度的地面辐合线,陕南南部雷暴天气是中-β尺度对流云团造成的。 相似文献
10.
华北冷季一次大范围雷暴与暴雪共存天气过程分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用常规气象资料、多普勒雷达及NCEP客观分析资料,对2013年3月12日华北出现的一次比较罕见的大范围雷暴和暴雪共存天气过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明：本次大范围的雷暴为发生在低层冷空气堆之上的高架雷暴。虽然雷暴区中低层水汽通量辐合较弱,但中高层θe平流差造成中层出现条件不稳定,在850 hPa切变线前部西南风中辐合配合冷平流以及切变线的先后触发下,不稳定能量得以释放,这是河北中部发生大范围雷暴的主要原因。暴雪区中层较强的水汽通量辐合及辐合层厚度爆发性增长、700 hPa槽区以及槽前西南气流和偏西气流的强辐合是造成北部暴雪天气的重要原因。此外,中低层正的差动涡度平流较散度场对暴雪及雷暴区的动力作用的反映更明显。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献