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1.
Multivariate analysis of fluorescence and source identification of dissolved organic matter in Jiaozhou Bay, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) methods were used to assess the similarities and dissimilarities of the entire Excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) data sets of samples collected from Jiaozhou Bay, China. The results demonstrate that multivariate analysis facilitates the complex data treatment and spectral sorting processes, and also enhances the probability to reveal otherwise hidden information concerning the chemical characteristics of the dissolved organic matter (DOM). The distribution of different water samples as revealed by multivariate results has been used to track the movement of DOM material in the study area, and the interpretation is supported by the results obtained from the numerical simulation model of substance tracing technique, which show that the substance discharged by Haibo River can be distributed in Jiaozhou Bay. 相似文献
2.
胶州湾、莱州湾潮间带沉积物污染比较 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
系统地在胶州湾、莱州湾潮间带获取表层沉积物样，对沉积物中有机污染（有机质，石油类）、重金属（汞，铜，铅，锌，镉，铬，砷）、营养盐（总磷，总氮，总碳）、硫化物进行了定量测定。分析结果表明：除镉、总磷外，各物质在胶州湾潮间带的质量分数普遍大于在莱州湾潮间带内的质量分数；Q型聚类分析将两湾分成两类，受到工业排污、生活污水等人为因素影响严重的胶州湾东部为一类，而受人为因素影响较小的胶州湾西部和莱州湾等其余站位为一类；胶州湾潮间带生态危害程度要高于莱州湾潮间带。 相似文献
3.
胶州湾是我国的一个典型近海海湾,也是近海生态系统的缩影。历史上胶州湾海域赤潮频发,因此也是研究赤潮暴发机制(包括赤潮物种组成、时空动态变化及对环境因子响应)的理想实验场所。迄今,几代科学家对胶州湾浮游植物和赤潮物种开展了长期而系统的调查研究,获得了大量的研究成果。为了系统跟踪胶州湾海域浮游植物群落组成,尤其是赤潮物种的组成变化,本文对近84年间(1936—2019年)胶州湾海域涉及浮游植物调研的54个调查数据结果进行了系统的统计和比较分析。文献共报道了549种浮游植物,包括硅藻326种、甲藻164种、绿藻21种、金藻9种、隐藻9种、淡色藻6种、定鞭藻5种、蓝藻3种、黄藻3种、下睫虫2种、裸藻1种和针胞藻1种。其中只有不到一半(40.29%)的浮游植物的全长18S rDNA序列得到解析,表明分子标记数据库需要继续完善,促进宏条形码分析的有效应用。胶州湾海域的优势浮游植物随时间的推移发生了较大变化,但是报道的甲藻与硅藻物种数的比例没有显著的变化。统计表明,研究者在胶州湾共鉴定到153种赤潮物种,包括硅藻79种、甲藻67种、定鞭藻2种、金藻2种、淡色藻1种、黄藻1种和针胞藻1种。胶州湾海域的典型优势浮游植物均为赤潮物种,包括中肋骨条藻、短角弯角藻、旋链角毛藻、加氏星杆藻、日本星杆藻、星脐圆筛藻和尖刺拟菱形藻,其中短角弯角藻和中肋骨条藻是胶州湾海域的"常驻"赤潮物种。本文通过系统综述胶州湾浮游植物和赤潮物种的生物多样性,为利用宏条形码和宏基因组等方法跟踪研究胶州湾和其他海域的浮游植物和赤潮物种的演化奠定了基础。 相似文献
4.
胶州湾是我国一个典型的近海海湾,也是近海生态系统的缩影。历史上胶州湾海域赤潮频发,因此也是研究赤潮暴发机制(包括赤潮物种组成、时空动态变化及对环境因子响应)的理想实验场所。迄今,几代科学家对胶州湾浮游植物和赤潮物种开展了长期而系统的调查研究,获得了大量的研究成果。为了系统跟踪胶州湾海域浮游植物群落组成,尤其是赤潮物种的组成变化,解读基于分子标记的宏条形码分析结果,本文对近84年间(1936年-2019年)胶州湾海域涉及浮游植物调研的54个调查数据进行了系统的统计和比较分析。文献共报道了549种浮游植物,包括硅藻326种、甲藻164种、绿藻21种、金藻9种、隐藻9种、淡色藻6种、定鞭藻5种、蓝藻3种、黄藻3种、下睫虫2种、裸藻1种和针胞藻1种。其中只有不到一半(40.29%)的浮游植物的全长18S rDNA序列得到解析,表明分子标记数据库需要继续完善,促进宏条形码分析的有效应用。胶州湾海域的优势浮游植物随时间发生了较大变化,但是甲藻与硅藻数目的比例没有显著的变化。统计表明,胶州湾共鉴定到153种赤潮物种,包括硅藻79种、甲藻67种、定鞭藻2种、金藻2种、淡色藻1种、黄藻1种和针胞藻1种。胶州湾海域典型的优势赤潮物种包括中肋骨条藻、短角弯角藻、旋链角毛藻、加氏星杆藻、日本星杆藻、星脐圆筛藻和尖刺拟菱形藻。本文通过系统综述胶州湾浮游植物和赤潮物种的生物多样性,为利用宏条形码和宏基因组等方法跟踪研究胶州湾和其他海域的浮游植物和赤潮物种的演化奠定了基础。 相似文献
5.
Representation of double-peaked sea wave spectra in Jiaozhou Bay 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The spectrum shape characteristics of double-peaked sea wave spectia actually measured in the Jiaozhou Bay were analysed and one representation of double-peaked sea wave spectra with six-parameters which can be determined from a given sea wave spectrum is proposed in this paper. After verifying by fitting process with the data sets of double-peaked sea wave spectra measured in the Jiaozhou Bay, it can be seen from the results that the representation mentioned above may be used to express the double-peaked sea wave spectra generated in the Jiaozhou Bay under various sea states, and that the absolute values of maximum deviation index (D.I.) do not exceed 30. 0. 相似文献
6.
胶州湾水域有机农药六六六分布及迁移 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
根据1979年的胶州湾水域调查资料，分析有机农药六六六（HCH）在胶州湾水域的分布、迁移和季节变化。分析结果表明，在一年中，胶州湾水域夏季HCH的污染严重，而春、秋季污染较轻。在时空分布上，春、夏、秋季整个胶州湾水域的HCH水平分布比较均匀，属于面污染源。HCH的表、底层含量都相近，水体的垂直分布均匀。整个胶州湾水域，春季HCH含量增加，夏季迭到高峰5．393～12．480μg／L，秋季降低到低值0．073～0．685μg／L，这与胶州湾的入湾河流的流量变化相一致。因此认为，农药HCH的使用导致胶州湾水域HCH含量的变化。 相似文献
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海岸带工程地质环境的稳定性对于海洋工程的建设安全和沿海经济繁荣十分重要。在胶州湾海域已有地质、水文等数据的基础上,对胶州湾海底工程环境适宜性进行了分区。通过无监督机器学习的谱聚类算法,构建了胶州湾海底工程环境适宜性综合评价模型。结果表明,胶州湾整体工程环境适宜性趋势为北高南低,从北向南依次可分为适宜性高、适宜性较高、适宜性较低和适宜性低四个区域。相关性分析表明,影响胶州湾海域海底工程适宜性的因素从高到低依次为冲淤分布、沉积物类型、坡度、第四系沉积物厚度、水深、海流流速、断裂分布。本研究可为胶州湾工程环境和地质灾害预防提供参考,有助于海洋工程环境稳定和经济安全保障。 相似文献
9.
胶州湾西北部海域大型底栖动物群落研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
自2003年9月~2004年9月在胶州湾西北部养殖区内外隔月取样,共获得7个航次的大型底栖动物样品。用PRIMER软件对大型底栖动物群落进行分析,结果表明:养殖区内站位的丰度值、生物量及群落结构与外面站位差别较大,经相关检验站位之间差异显著,说明养殖区内因为养殖活动已经引起大型底栖生物的剧烈扰动;还发现胶州湾养西北部海域群落种类组成季节变化明显,与历史资料相比,棘皮动物数量明显减少,软体动物特别是菲律宾蛤仔是胶州湾大型底栖动物生物量的主要贡献种。根据LUSTER聚类和MDS标序的结果,把底栖生物群落划分为四大生物组。比较发现,胶州湾西北部及附近海域大型底栖生物群落已经发生了变化,通过对底栖生物群落与环境因子的分析认为,造成变动的原因可能是渔业活动的加剧和湾内水体污染的压力。 相似文献
10.
Sofia Loureiro Esther Garcs Margarita Fernndez-Tejedor Dolors Vaqu Jordi Camp 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,83(4):539-549
Samples were collected during one annual cycle (April 2007–March 2008) at Alfacs Bay (NW Mediterranean Sea) central station in order to assess the influence of organic nutrients in the growth of the microalgae assemblage, with special reference to Pseudo-nitzschia spp. This potentially toxic diatom forms natural and recurrent blooms in the study area. To assess further the relationship between Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and nutrients an enrichment experiment with high molecular weight dissolved organic matter (HMWDOM) was performed with field samples obtained during a Pseudo-nitzschia spp. bloom. HMWDOM was extracted from water collected at Alfacs Bay. Five bioassays were prepared: N + P (seawater with addition of nitrate and phosphate), DOM (addition of HMWDOM), (−N + P) + DOM (nitrogen deficient, with addition of phosphate and HMWDOM), (N + P) + DOM (addition of nitrate, phosphate and HMWDOM), seawater control (without added nutrients), and B + DOM (control of bacteria, without microalgae). The experiment was run in batch mode over 4 days. Results from the field study revealed that the concentrations of organic nutrients mostly surpassed the inorganic pool. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. was the most frequent and abundant taxa of the microalgae community. The micro-planktonic assemblage was arranged according to a seasonal factor (ANOSIM and cluster analysis). DON, nitrate and silicate were the most important abiotic parameters contributing to the dissimilarities between seasons (SIMPER analysis) and thereby potentially influencing the seasonal distribution of microalgae in the representative station. In the experimental investigation, Pseudo-nitzschia cells increased by the end of the experiment in the DOM bioassay but no respective increase was observed for chlorophyll a. This could point to an acquisition of nutrients through the DOM fraction that would conjointly reduce the need of chlorophyll a. The data obtained suggest that organic nutrients may exert an important role in the development of microalgae, including Pseudo-nitzschia spp., in the selected location. 相似文献
11.
分形分析法用于海湾冲淤演化预测的初步探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对封闭或半封闭海湾的海岸线,引入分形分析法,预测其冲淤变化趋势。该方法基于海岸线在平衡状态下分形维数最小的思想,建立海岸线分形维数与其冲淤变化之间的相关关系,以此为依据判断海岸线所处的冲淤演化阶段,预测其发展趋势。以胶州湾为研究实例,根据海湾的面积和总岸线长度的变化情况定性分析海岸线分形维数的变化,应用上述方法预测其冲淤演化趋势,得出胶州湾将继续淤积的结论。从分析过程和预测结果2个方面对这砷方法的可行性进行讨论,初步证明这种方法的应用是合理、可行的。 相似文献
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为评价胶州湾水体表观年龄和地下水入海通量,2011年9—10月在胶州湾地区分别采集地下水、河水和海水样品,对水样的224Ra和226Ra活度进行测量。基于224Ra和226Ra半衰期的差异,运用224Ra与226Ra的活度比值计算了胶州湾水体表观年龄;采用三端元混合模型计算了胶州湾海水中地下水、河水与湾外海水的混合比例;在水体表观年龄和混合比例的基础上,计算了地下水入海通量。结果表明:研究期间胶州湾水体表观年龄分布范围为3.2—39.4d,平均值为14.7d,呈现从湾顶到湾口年龄逐渐增大的趋势,地下水的平均混合比例是11.0%,地下水的入海通量为7.29×106m3/d,海底地下水排泄速率为3.8cm/d。 相似文献
13.
A chemoreduction-purge-and-trap gas chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of trace dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in seawater. In the analysis procedure, DMSO was first reduced to dimethylsufide (DMS) by sodium borohydride and then the produced DMS was analyzed using the purge-and-trap technique coupled with gas chromatographic separation and flame photometric detection. Under the optimum conditions, 97% DMSO was reduced in the standard solution samples with a standard deviation of 5% (n=5). The detection limit of DMSO was 2.7 pmol of sulfur, corresponding to a concentration of 0.75 nmol/L for a 40 ml sample. This method was applied to determine the dissolved DMSO (DMSOd) and particulate DMSO (DMSOp) concentrations in the surface seawater of the Jiaozhou Bay, and the results showed that the DMSOd and DMSOp concentrations varied from 16.8 to 921.1 nmol/L (mean:165.2 nmol/L) and from 8.0 to 162.4 nmol/L (mean:57.7 nmol/L), respectively. The high concentrations of DMSOp were generally found in productive regions. Consequently, a significant correlation was found between the concentrations of DMSOp and chlorophyll a, suggesting that phytoplankton biomass might play an important role in controlling the distribution of DMSOp in the bay. Moreover, in the study area, the concentrations of DMSOd were significantly correlated with the levels of DMS, implying that the production of DMSOd is mainly via photochemical and biological oxidation of DMS. 相似文献
14.
HU Xupeng SU Rongguo ZOU Weiming REN Shijun WANG Hongtao CHAI Xiaoping WANG Yiming 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(4):116-128
The excitation spectra of chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence can be used to differentiate phytoplankton populations at phylum level in vivo and in situ within a few minutes.The investigated phytoplankton divisions (Dinophyta,Bacillariophyta,Chrysophyta,Cyanophyta,Cryptophyta,Chlorophyta) are each characterized by a specific composition of photosynthetic antenna pigments and,consequently,by a specific excitation spectrum of the Chl fluorescence.Norm excitation spectra (emission of 680 nm and excitation of 400–600 nm) of every division were obtained from several species per division by a F4500 fluorescence spectrophotometer.Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis of the norm spectra shows that the divisions could be discriminated.The discrimination method,established by multivariate linear regression and weighted least squares,was used to differentiate the phytoplankton samples cultured in the laboratory and samples collected from the Jiaozhao Bay at division level.The correctly discriminated samples were more than 94% for single algal species ones,more than 84% for simulatively mixed ones,more than 83% for real mixed ones and 100% for samples collected from the Jiaozhou Bay for the dominant species.The method for phytoplankton differentiation described here can be applied to routine checking by fluorescence spectrophotometer,and benefit the monitoring and supervision tasks related to phytoplankton populations in the marine environments. 相似文献
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由于海水盐度大、有机质含量低,从海水中提取和纯化克级溶解性有机质(dissolved organic matter,DOM)一直十分困难。基于Bond Elut PPL固相萃取小柱法进行海水DOM固体样品提取的放大试验,建立DOM自动化调酸、PPL树脂吸附技术,最后形成提纯、冷冻干燥PPL-DOM(通过PPL树脂提取的DOM)完整工艺。采用元素分析、三维荧光光谱、红外光谱和固态13C核磁共振(NMR)波谱法进行样品表征。结果表明:(1)该方法对近海表层海水DOM回收率稳定在50%以上,搭建的提取装置DOM日吸附量可达230mg;(2)鳌山湾四个季节批次PPL-DOM整体分析结果表明,样品的元素组成和光谱特征相似,表明方法适用性和稳定性较好;(3)三种水生态环境的PPL-DOM13C NMR谱图显示样品的基本特征相似,以烷基碳、碳水化合物碳、芳香碳和羧基碳/酰胺碳为主,其中偶极去相(dipolar dephasing)谱显示了DOM前体化合物来源的差异。多种结果表明放大后的PPL固相萃取法可稳定提取克级DOM样品。 相似文献
16.
在实验室对胶州湾现场水样进行了处理、分析,获得了黄色物质溶液中六种生化成分在胶州湾的水平分布和测定数据,其中测得胶州湾黄色物质溶液中总脂质含量的平均值为21.03mg/dm3,游离氨基酸为1.75mg/dm3,总糖为1.41mg/dm3,氨基多糖为14.23μg/dm3,而胡萝卜素和酚分别为1.13和0.004μg/dm3.黄色物质在胶州湾海水中约为24.20mg/dm3.计算给出了胶州湾黄色物质中总脂质占86.90%,总糖占5.82%,游离氨基酸占7.22%,氨基多糖占0.06%,而胡萝卜素和酚所占比例甚小,与总脂质、氨基酸和总糖相比,约相差几个数量级.分析认为,胶州湾黄色物质以陆源输入为主,其生化成分分布受河流淡水入海流路和湾内环流等影响而被进一步扩散、输送. 相似文献
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胶州湾水域有机农药六六六春、夏季的含量及分布 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
根据1981年的胶州湾水域调查资料,分析了有机农药六六六(HCH)在胶州湾水域的分布、迁移和季节变化.结果表明,胶州湾水域在夏季HCH的污染较重,而春季较轻.在时间分布上,在整个胶州湾夏季的表层和底层水体中的HCH含量几乎都高于春季.在空间分布上,胶州湾的东北部水域海泊河、李村河和娄山河的入海口,为湾的东北部近岸水域提供了河流输送的HCH.因此认为,污染源是面污染源,由入湾河流形成的.通过HCH的陆地迁移过程和水域迁移过程的分析发现,HCH的表层含量高,经沉降,HCH的底层含量就高,而且,HCH入海后沉降较快.根据HCH的表、底层的垂直分布和水平分布,提出了在春、夏季的HCH在胶州湾水域迁移过程的模型框图,表明了HCH的运动轨迹,清楚的展现了HCH在春、夏季的表、底层分布规律. 相似文献
19.
Bianchi TS Cook RL Perdue EM Kolic PE Green N Zhang Y Smith RW Kolker AS Ameen A King G Ojwang LM Schneider CL Normand AE Hetland R 《Marine environmental research》2011,72(5):248-257
Here we present results of an initial assessment of the impacts of a water diversion event on the concentrations and chemical composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and bacterioplankton community composition in Barataria Bay, Louisiana U.S.A, an important estuary within the Mississippi River Delta complex. Concentrations and spectral properties of DOM, as reflected by UV/visible absorbance and fluorescence, were strikingly similar at 26 sites sampled along transects near two western and two eastern areas of Barataria Bay in July and September 2010. In September 2010, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was significantly higher (568.1-1043 μM C, x=755.6+/-117.7 μM C, n=14) than in July 2010 (249.1-577.1 μM C, x=383.7+/-98.31 μM C, n=14); conversely, Abs254 was consistently higher at every site in July (0.105-0.314) than in September (0.080-0.221), averaging 0.24±0.06 in July and 0.15±0.04 in September. Fluorescence data via the fluorescence index (FI450/500) revealed that only 30% (8 of 26) of the July samples had an FI450/500 above 1.36, compared to 96% (25 of 26) for the September samples. This indicates a more terrestrial origin for the July DOM. Bacterioplankton from eastern sites differed in composition from bacterioplankon in western sites in July. These differences appeared to result from reduced salinities caused by the freshwater diversion. Bacterioplankton communities in September differed from those in July, but no spatial structure was observed. Thus, the trends in bacterioplankton and DOM were likely due to changes in water masses (e.g., input of Mississippi River water in July and a return to estuarine waters in September). Discharge of water from the Davis Pond Freshwater Diversion (DPFD) through Barataria Bay may have partially mitigated some adverse effects of the oil spill, inasmuch as DOM is concerned. 相似文献
20.
Introduction Due to the joint influence of hydrodynamics and the impacts of biological and human activities, the distribution pattern of heavy metals in the coastal sediments becomes rather complicated. The question has raised attention from the world geocommunities since the 1970s. During the past 30 years, a lot of data have been accumulated [1-7]. The study of heavy metals in the sea bottom sediments began in the 1980s in China [8-13]. It includes the study of sources, occurrence, depositi… 相似文献