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1.
海洋链霉菌M506 的鉴定及代谢产物抑菌活性初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
自胶州湾沉积物中分离出海洋链霉菌M506,根据其形态特征观察、生理生化特征试验及基于16S rDNA序列系统进化分析,初步鉴定该菌为灰略红链霉菌.采用不同培养条件对其进行小规模发酵,利用金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus),大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli),枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)和苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)四株细菌作为指示菌,检测其抑菌活性.结果表明,该菌株代谢产物粗提物对于金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌等具有显著抑制活性. 相似文献
2.
胶州湾海洋链霉菌的初步鉴定及抑菌活性的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对从胶州湾沿海泥样和水样中分离、纯化的297株海洋链霉菌进行了初步的生理生化鉴定,并采用牛津杯法检测了对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas areugi-nosa)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、八叠球菌(Sarcinasp.)、隐球菌(Crypto-coccal meningitis)、白色念球菌(Candida albicans)、毛霉(Mucor miehei)和链霉菌Tu57(Streptomyces vividochromosenes)8株受试菌的抑制活性。结果表明,约有42.1%的菌株可抑制至少一种受试菌。结合16S rRNA鉴定,提示了部分活性菌株的分类地位,其中M165属于蓝色类群,M245属于白孢类群,M189属于青色类群,M239独立构成一个分支,有可能是新种。结果提示了胶州湾海洋链霉菌在抑菌活性物质研究开发方面的潜力。 相似文献
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本文报道福建南部厦门、龙海、泉州和东山等地湖间带海泥中链霉菌(Streptomyces)的分布及抗菌性能研究.结果表明,这些地区海泥链霉菌的平均含菌量为2.1×104个/g(干泥);共包括12个类群,以烬灰、金色和灰红紫类群分布最广,菌株比率最高,青色、蓝色类群分布较窄,比率也低;具有抗菌性能的拮抗性菌株数占34.8%,以抗金黄色葡萄球菌的分布最广,比率最高,抗变形杆菌的居次,抗绿脓杆菌和白色念珠菌的比率最低,不少菌株还具有广谱抗菌活性;海泥链霉菌的类群数、总菌量和拮抗性菌株比率有随环境盐度的不同呈规律性变化;其他生境对链霉菌类群和总菌量的变化也有较大的影响,但对拮抗性菌株比率无显著差异,此外,生息在潮间带海泥的链霉菌都具有较高的耐盐性,拮抗性菌株比非拮抗性菌株更为明显. 相似文献
4.
在胶州湾沿海采取泥样和水样,从中分离了300余株海洋链霉菌(marine Streptomyces),并对其生理生化性质作了初步研究,建立了胶州湾海洋链霉菌菌种库。在该菌种库中,约有3%的菌株可产生天然蓝色素。其中一株海洋链霉菌(marine Streptomycessp.)M259能够高产天然蓝色素。M259对绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas areuginosa)、隐球菌(Crytococcal meningitis)有较强的抑菌活性。对其生理生化性质进行了鉴定,结果表明它可以利用可溶性淀粉、甘油、蔗糖、甘露醇、葡萄糖、D-半乳糖、果糖、阿拉伯糖、肌醇、木糖、D-甘露糖、核糖等碳源;能利用大部分氮源,尤其对酵母粉的利用很显著;最适生长pH为7.0~7.4;最适培养温度为28~30℃。结果提示它属于蓝色类群,并与天蓝色链霉菌(Streptomyces cyanogenus)和产蓝链霉菌(Streptomyces ceolicolor)亲缘关系最为密切。此外还优化了M259的发酵培养基和培养条件,使得蓝色素在摇瓶条件下,OD590达到7.74。通过对M259所产蓝色素性质的研究,发现此色素水溶性较强,耐热性较好,在酸性条件下呈红色,在碱性条件下呈蓝色。此外,毒性实验的结果表明所提纯的蓝色素没有毒性,为进一步开发和利用该色素提供了可能。 相似文献
5.
海洋链霉菌由于其独特的生理和代谢功能,成为海洋微生物活性物质的主要来源。对2010-2013年初的海洋放线菌天然产物的统计表明,研究最多的是链霉菌放线菌,占海洋放线菌新天然产物的60%。本文综述了自1976年第一个海洋链霉菌天然产物到2016年6月的40年间报道的547个海洋链霉菌天然产物的结构、生物活性及其微生物来源。其结构包括含氮化合物（如生物碱）、聚酮、萜类、甾体等,其中含氮化合物是主要类型, 占海洋链霉菌天然产物总数的61%;而67%的海洋链霉菌天然产物表现出细胞毒、抑菌、抗疟和抗寄生虫等生物活性。 相似文献
6.
研究了海洋链霉菌分离株M095的基因转移系统。利用属间接合转移将具有oriT的大肠杆菌-链霉菌穿梭质粒pIJ8600转入EscherichiacoliET12567(pUZ8002)中,获得供体菌。将供体菌与预萌发的菌株M095的孢子进行接合转移,将质粒pIJ8600转入菌株M095中,其转化率为1.99×10-4个接合转化子/受体。Southern杂交证明质粒pIJ8600已经整合到菌株M095的染色体上。同时,将来自Spirulinamaxima(Cyanophyta)的别藻蓝蛋白基因(apc)克隆在质粒pIJ8600的XbaI和BglII位点,产生质粒pAPIJ。用接合转移法将质粒pAPIJ转入菌株M095。通过SDS-PAGE分析,得到2个大小为22ku和17ku的蛋白,分别相对应于别藻蓝蛋白的α和β亚基。这些结果进一步证明菌株M095的遗传转化体系已经成功建立起来,这将为其他海洋放线菌遗传转化工作的研究奠定基础。 相似文献
7.
采用中性溶菌结合超速离心的方法,从链霉菌ＦＲ－００８中直接提取了完整的１３０ｋｂ的大一质粒ＰＨＺ２２７,经蛋白酶Ｋ和限制性内切酶处理后,进行强迫克隆,生内切酶酶解和杂交实验证实已克隆到大线性质粒ＰＨＺ２２７的末端。 相似文献
8.
使用卤化酶简并引物对海洋来源的链霉菌进行了基因筛选,共得到了3株阳性菌株,并发现L131和S077菌株具有抗白色念珠菌活性.其中阳性菌株L131的16S rRNA序列与灰白链霉菌(Streptomyces canescens)DSM 40001T具有99％的相似性,但L131菌株在Bennett培养基上菌落凸起,表面褶皱,产白色孢子和淡黄色可溶性色素,不能以阿拉伯糖、果糖作为惟一碳源,与模式菌株存在着明显差异.L131菌株的抗白色念珠菌活性物质在40℃以下,pH值介于5～10范围内活性稳定,且极性大于乙酸乙酯.以AB-8为吸附树脂,首先使用40％ (V/V)甲醇洗去未吸附的杂质,然后使用100％ (V/V)甲醇进行洗脱,可得到初步纯化的活性物质,其对白色念珠菌的最小抑菌浓度为32.00μg/cm3.上述研究结果可为抗白色念珠菌药物的开发提供参考. 相似文献
9.
采用菌丝 原位包埋脉冲电泳的方法从链霉菌ＦＲ－００８中分离出三条ＤＮＡ带,双向电泳及脉冲条件变换实验证明,这些ＤＮＡ带都是一分子外切核酶酶酶解发现,它们的５‘末端封闭。这三条ＤＮＡ带分别代表了链霉菌ＦＲ－００８中线性染色体和两条线性质粒。 相似文献
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Fugacity of CO2 (fCO2), temperature, salinity, nutrients, and chlorophyll-a were measured in the surface waters of southwestern East Sea/Japan Sea in July 2005. Surface waters were divided into three
waters based on hydrographic characteristics: the water with moderate sea surface temperature (SST) and high sea surface salinity
(SSS) located east of the front (East water); the water with high SST and moderate SSS located west of the front (West water);
and the water with low SST and SSS located in the middle part of the study area (Middle water). High fCO2 larger than 420 μatm were found in the West water. In the Middle water, CO2 was undersaturated with respect to the atmosphere, with values between 246 and 380 μatm. Moderate fCO2 values ranging from 370 to 420 μatm were observed in the East water. For the East and West waters, estimates of temperature
dependency of fCO2 (12.6 and 15.1 μatm °C−1, respectively) were rather similar to a theoretical value, indicating that SST is likely to be a major factor controlling
the surface fCO2 distribution in these two regions. In the Middle water, however, the estimated temperature dependence was somewhat lower
than the theoretical value, and relatively high concentrations of surface chlorophyll-a coincided with the low surface fCO2, implying that biological uptake may considerably affect the fCO2 distribution. The net sea-to-air CO2 flux of the study area was estimated to be 0.30±4.81 mmol m−2 day−1 in summer, 2005. 相似文献
13.
通过抑菌及抗肿瘤活性实验,明确海洋真菌Neosartorya fischeri 1008F1次级代谢产物中的活性有效组分。应用对峙培养法和生长速率法,对菌株的抑菌活性进行测定。应用MTT法,对菌株的抗肿瘤活性进行测定。应用凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)柱层析的方法,对菌株发酵产物的提取物进行分离。结果发现,海洋真菌Neosartorya fischeri 1008F1的水溶性提取物对番茄早疫菌(Alternaria solani)具有一定的抑制活性。菌株的粗提物浸膏经Sephadex LH-20柱梯度洗脱后,得到的组分B、C、D、E和F。在0.5 g/L的供试浓度下,组分B、C和D对胃癌细胞SGC-7901的抑制率均高于80%,而组分B、C、D、E和F对肝癌细胞BEL-7404的抑制率均高于70%。 相似文献
14.
利用海马齿生态浮床技术原位修复海水养殖池塘,通过周期性监测试验池塘浮游动物群落结构种类组成、密度和生物多样性变化趋势,分析了浮游动物群落结构变化和养殖池塘水质改善之间的响应关系。结果表明:(1)生态浮床对养殖池塘水质和沉积环境都表现出良好的改善功能,表现为试验区较对照区,水体透明度明显增加,而TN、NH_(4-)~+N、TP、COD和底泥有机碳等污染物浓度均降低,其中TN、COD和底泥有机碳呈现出显著性降低(P0.05);(2)试验区浮游动物的种类相比对照区的34种增加到40种,趋于丰富;各次采样中试验区浮游动物的密度均高于对照区,平均由13559ind./L增加到15933ind./L;试验区的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H￠)和Margalef种类丰富度指数(D)均高于对照区,分别由初始的0.94和1.05提高到1.01和1.57。 相似文献
15.
Conny Haraldsson Leif G. Anderson Martin Hassellöv Stefan Hulth Kristina Olsson 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1997,44(12):2031-2044
A system for rapid, high precision potentiometric determination of alkalinity in sea water and sediment pore water is presented. Two titration units were used: a 40 ml unit for seawater and a small volume unit for sediment pore water. Titration time was normally less than 10 minutes per sample, including sample exchange. With a 40 ml sample volume, the relative standard deviation of the alkalinity obtained in the laboratory was 0.05% and at sea 0.1 %. The small-volume system (0.5–1.5 ml) gave a precision of 0.07%. Five titration points, in two groups after the second equivalence point, were used to evaluate the equivalence volume. Results from equilibrium calculations and computer simulated alkalinity titrations show that it was possible to use a non-modified Gran function [(V0 +v)*10(E/Z)] and still achieve good accuracy and precision. 相似文献
16.
在海雾的短时临近预报中,初始场的水汽凝结状态扮演着重要角色。为了改进初始场的云水含量,本文提出直接同化雾体云水信息的思路。针对2011年5月一次大范围的黄海海雾,借助EnKF (Ensemble Kalman Filter)方法,尝试进行了极轨卫星反演云水路径数据的同化试验。结果表明:(1)通过利用EnKF将云水混合比增加到背景场和分析场的控制变量中,构建云水观测数据与背景场之间的关系,实现云水路径数据的直接同化是可行的;(2)同化云水路径可显著改善海面气温与湿度状态,大幅提高海雾预报效果;(3)EnKF能够基于集合体动态统计流依赖的背景误差协方差是其取得良好同化效果的主要原因。值得指出的是,受集合样本误差的影响,需要特别关注云水含量与风之间的相关关系。 相似文献
17.
Biogeochemistry of Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in the Surface Microlayer and Subsurface Seawater of Funka Bay,Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Twenty-eight sea surface microlayer samples, along with subsurface bulk water samples were collected in Funka Bay, Japan during October 2000–March 2001 and analyzed for dimethylsulfoniopropionate, dissolved (DMSPd) and particulate (DMSPp), and chlorophyll a. The aim of the study was to examine the extent of enrichment of DMSP in the microlayer and its relationship to chlorophyll a, as well as the production rate of dimethylsulfide (DMS) from DMSP and the factors that influence this. The enrichment factor (EF) of DMSPd in the surface microlayer ranged from 0.81 to 4.6 with a mean of 1.85. In contrast, EF of DMSPp in the microlayer varied widely from 0.85–10.5 with an average of 3.21. Chlorophyll a also appeared to be enriched in the microlayer relative to the subsurface water. This may be seen as an important cause of the observed enrichment of DMSP in the microlayer. The concentrations of DMSPp in the surface microlayer showed a strong temporal variation, basically following the change in chlorophyll a levels. Moreover, the microlayer concentrations of DMSPp were, on average, 3-fold higher than the microlayer concentrations of DMSPd and there was a significant correlation between them. Additionally, there was a great variability in the ratios of DMSPp to chlorophyll a over the study period, reflecting seasonal variation in the proportion of DMSP producers in the total phytoplankton assemblage. It is interesting that the production rate of DMS was enhanced in the microlayer and this rate was closely correlated with the microlayer DMSPd concentration. Microlayer enrichment of chlorophyll a and higher DMS production rate in the microlayer provide favorable evidence supporting the view that the sea surface microlayer has a greater biological activity than the underlying water. 相似文献
18.
To determine one possible mechanism of hydrocarbon toxicity, studies were carried out to establish: (a) the availability of hydrocarbons from sea water to the crab haemolymph, (b) the effects on respiration and (c) the possible effects on haemocyanin—O2 binding characteristics in oiled crabs.Crabs incubated in 14C-naphthalene labelled oiled sea water (Kuwait crude) readily accumulated the isotope into the haemolymph, in concentrations exceeding those in the surrounding sea water medium with one-hour bioconcentration factors from 2·53 to 23·51. Respiration, as measured by uptake of O2 from the respirometer sea water, was 12·5% lower in crabs held in 11·0 ppm Kuwait crude/sea water than in the same animals when held in unoiled sea water. Respiration levels returned to preoiling levels when the oiled sea water was replaced with fresh non-oiled sea water.Despite the observed effects of oiled sea water on respiration, the haemocyanin—O2 binding potential, as well as the structural integrity of haemocyanin (as determined by its UV absorption spectrum, sub-unit dissociation and serum-free Cu++ levels), remained unaltered. The results suggest that disruption of blood-oxygen transport via disruption of haemocyanin—O2 binding as one possible mechanism of hydrocarbon toxicity is unlikely and that other alternatives must be considered. 相似文献
19.
The annual cycle of dissolved nutrients and the fugacity of CO2 (fCO2), calculated from the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and pH, was studied over a 14-month long period (December 1993 to February 1995) at a site in Prydz Bay near Davis Station, Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica. Significant spring decreases in fCO2 began under the sea-ice in mid-October, when both water column and sea-ice algal activity resulted in the removal of nutrients and DIC and increased pH. Minimum fCO2 (<100 μatm) and lowest nutrient and DIC concentrations occurred in December and January. The low summer fCO2 values were clearly the result of biological activity. The seasonal depletion of dissolved nitrate reached 85% in mid-summer when chlorophyll-a concentrations exceeded 15 mg m−3. Oceanic uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, calculated from the fugacity difference and daily wind speeds, averaged more than 30 mmol m−2 day−1 during the summer ice-free period. This exchange replaced approximately half of the DIC consumed by biological activity. Apparent nutrient utilisation ratios (C/N/P) were close to Redfield values. In autumn fCO2 began to rise, continuing slowly well into winter, and reaching a maximum close to modern atmospheric values between July and September. This increase can be attributed to a combination of local remineralisation of organic carbon in the water column and the steady increase in the mixing depth of the water column. At first glance, this suggests that air–sea equilibration occurred in winter despite the sea-ice cover, perhaps by horizontal circulation from regions outside the pack ice, or through openings in the ice. However, the persistent 15 to 20% undersaturation of dissolved oxygen throughout the winter suggests an alternate explanation. The late winter fCO2 level may represent a characteristic established by global circulation, so that as a result of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, these Antarctic waters are in transition from being a winter-time source of CO2 to the atmosphere to becoming a sink. Our fCO2 observations emphasize the need to address seasonal variations in assessing Antarctic contributions to the oceanic control of atmospheric CO2. 相似文献
20.
朱仁华 《海洋学报(英文版)》1984,3(1):123-128
Enzymic mixtures were prepared from digestive organs of the three species of sea Snails. All the three mixtures can break down the cell-walls of seaweeds.The present paper reports only three of the enzymic components in these mixtures, two cellulates (Cx,C1) and one pectinase.The level of activity of the cellulose Cx is in the order: Lunclla cornata coreensis > Monodonta labio > Purpura clavigera,and of the cellulate C1 is in the order: L.. cornata coreensis >> M. labio= P clavigera. These two cellulases play an important role in decomposing cell walls of seaweeds.The level of activity of the pectinase is in the order of M,. Iahio > L. cornata coreensis > P. clavigera. 相似文献