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1.
海洋酸化背景下重金属对海洋生物的毒性效应是一个重要的生态毒理学研究问题。海洋酸化不仅直接影响海洋贝类的生理过程,也通过改变重金属的存在形式和生物可利用性进而影响其生物毒性。为研究海洋酸化背景下甲基汞(MeHg)对海洋贝类免疫和生物矿化的毒理效应,本研究将采集于野外的文蛤(Meretrix petechialis)置于不同pH水平(二氧化碳分压;pH 8.10/背景水平、7.70/中度酸化和7.30/高度酸化)和甲基汞质量浓度(对照、溶剂对照、0.1,1和5 μg/L)的海水中共同暴露21 d,研究文蛤内脏团和鳃组织内免疫应答和生物矿化相关的生物标志物对海水酸化和MeHg共同胁迫的响应。结果表明,海水酸化和MeHg均显著影响其免疫应答策略,不同胁迫水平对各类生物标志物具有组织差异性。具体而言,MeHg暴露诱导内脏团中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性,表明MeHg对免疫解毒机制有刺激作用,在一定程度上提高了其免疫应答。海水酸化抑制了鳃和内脏团中AKP活性,抑制其免疫应答。在生物矿化相关酶中,在海水酸化和MeHg共同胁迫下钙-ATP酶(Ca2+-ATP)活性显著下降,干扰其离子平衡和生物矿化。海水酸化加剧了MeHg胁迫对文蛤免疫应答和生物矿化的毒理作用。相关系数分析和主成分分析表明这些生物标志物可以协同防御环境胁迫对免疫应答和生物矿化策略的毒理作用。这些生物酶对海水酸化和MeHg胁迫响应比较敏感,可以作为评价海洋酸化背景下MeHg对文蛤两种生物组织免疫功能毒性效应的潜在生物标志物。研究结果为理解海洋酸化和重金属胁迫对贝类生理功能的影响提供新见解,为评估海洋酸化背景下贝类种群变动和资源管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
2.
不同盐度下半滑舌鳎幼鱼非特异性免疫酶活力分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
让半滑舌鳎幼鱼(Cynoglossus semilaevis)在淡水、盐度5、10、20和30条件下适应60d,研究幼鱼不同组织(肌肉、肝脏、鳃、肾脏)中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的活力。结果表明:半滑舌鳎幼鱼在淡水中生长受到了明显的抑制(P0.05),末体重在盐度10和20时较高;半滑舌鳎幼鱼肌肉中SOD活力在淡水条件下显著高于其它各处理(P0.05),肝脏中SOD的活力在盐度20时活力出现最大值(P0.05),在盐度30时,鳃和肾脏中SOD活力显著高于盐度5和10时(P0.05);肝脏中CAT活力随实验盐度的升高而降低,在淡水条件下要显著高于其它盐度(P0.05);肌肉和肾脏中AKP活力随实验盐度的升高而逐渐升高,其中肌肉组织中AKP活力在盐度20和30时显著高于淡水处理(P0.05);在淡水和盐度5时,肝脏中ACP活力显著高于盐度20和30时(P0.05),鳃和肾脏ACP活力则在盐度5时较低。综上表明,本研究规格下半滑舌鳎幼鱼不适宜在淡水条件下养殖,但盐度5以上的低盐度则不影响其正常生长;不同盐度对半滑舌鳎幼鱼的非特异性免疫酶活力影响显著,且盐度对不同组织中非特异性免疫酶活力影响存在一定的组织特异性。 相似文献
3.
《海洋湖沼通报》2016,(6)
为探讨悬浮物对褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)幼鱼(25~35mm)的毒性效应及存活影响,研究了悬浮物(粒径为1.102μm~14.501μm)对褐牙鲆幼鱼的毒性效应。结果表明,随着悬浮物浓度的增加,褐牙鲆死亡率逐渐上升。当悬浮物浓度≥2000mg/L时,实验组与对照组96h时死亡率有极显著差异(P0.01)。通过Bliss法计算得出,悬浮物对褐牙鲆幼鱼的24、48、72和96hLC_(50)(95%可信限)分别为:29 981mg/L(18 687~157 229mg/L)、26 218mg/L(17 154~73 764mg/L)、19 859mg/L(14 019~42 252mg/L)、12 637mg/L(10 010~18 998mg/L),随着水体中悬浮物暴露时间的延长,悬浮物对褐牙鲆的LC_(50)逐渐减小。根据96hLC_(50)计算得出悬浮物对褐牙鲆的安全浓度(SC)为1263.7mg/L。与已报道的其它物种比较,褐牙鲆属对悬浮物耐受性较强的物种。 相似文献
4.
随着CO2的大量排放,海洋酸化效应不断加重,为探究未来海水酸化情况对菲律宾蛤仔产生的影响,设置对照组(pH为8.1)和酸化组(pH为7.7、7.1和6.4),研究周期为42 d,测定菲律宾蛤仔在酸化条件下组织结构、免疫和抗氧化酶活性的变化情况,以及在分子水平上产生的影响。结果表明：菲律宾蛤仔置于酸化海水环境中,鳃丝间距随pH的降低而扩大,鳃丝纤毛黏合,水管和外套膜外表皮褶皱逐渐加深;鳃组织中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性变化情况为先降后升,碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性各组变化趋势不同,总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性趋势为先升后降;鳃和内脏团谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性变化规律皆为持续上升;内脏团组织中LZM活性变化趋势各不相同,ACP活性变动趋势为先降后升,AKP、SOD和CAT活性变化规律为先升后降,T-AOC趋势为持续下降;通过转录组的分析得到,鳃组织GO功能主要富集在DNA整合、膜的组成部分和RNA定向DNA聚合酶活性等条目中,KEGG通路主要富集在吞噬体和与蛋白合成的相关通路中。海水酸化使菲... 相似文献
5.
研究了Ca2+由自然海水浓度突变到低浓度和高浓度时,褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)幼鱼渗透调节能力的变化。通过测定实验鱼的血清渗透压、鳃、肠、肾Na+-K+-ATPase和Ca2+-ATPase活力及血清离子含量的变化,探讨了褐牙鲆幼鱼应对水体Ca2+突变时的渗透调节机制。结果表明,海水盐度不变,Ca2+浓度在1.25～100mmol.L-1之间发生突变时,褐牙鲆幼鱼血清渗透压无显著变化,其主要通过调节鳃、肠、肾Na+-K+-ATPase和Ca2+-ATPase活力及改变血清Ca2+和Mg2+含量来维持体液离子的动态平衡。 相似文献
6.
为了研究不同盐度对小黄鱼生理的影响,以人工养殖的4月龄小黄鱼(体质量为(12.6 ±3.1)g)为实验对象,将在自然海水(对照组盐度为22.1)中养殖的小黄鱼转入到盐度为5(低盐组)和34.5(高盐组)的海水中进行急性盐度胁迫处理10 d,测定并分析肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活力以及鳃和肾脏中的Na+/K+-ATP酶活力的变化情况。结果显示,在急性盐度胁迫下,小黄鱼肝脏抗氧化酶(SOD和CAT)活力均上升,其中,低盐组的SOD和高盐组的CAT活力均显著高于对照组(p<0.05);在不同盐度条件下,AKP和ACP表现出相反的变化趋势,即AKP活力随着盐度上升不断增强,而ACP活力则逐渐降低;鳃中Na+/K+-ATP酶活力在低盐组最低,而肾脏中高盐组的活力显著高于对照组(p<0.05)。上述研究结果表明,小黄鱼幼鱼在盐度下降到5时仍可正常存活;不同盐度胁迫可导致小黄鱼肝脏中的非特异性免疫酶以及鳃和肾脏中的Na+/K+-ATP酶活性发生显著变化,表明小黄鱼在适应盐度变化过程中肝脏、鳃和肾脏均发挥着一定的调节作用。研究结果对小黄鱼在高盐或者咸淡水区域养殖提供了一定参考作用。 相似文献
7.
为研究港原油对毛蚶部分抗氧化酶和代谢酶的影响,设置0.01、0.1、1、3mg/L大港原油水溶液性成分(WSF),采用暴露法研究毛蚶天津群体的鳃、斧足中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)抗氧化酶等抗氧化酶及酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、钠/钾泵(Na^+/K^+ATPase)、钙泵(Ga2+/Mg2+ATPase)等代谢相关酶的活性变化,测定丙二醛(MDA)含量,采用整合生物标志物(Integratedbiomarkerresponse,IBR)进行分析。结果表明,毛蚶鳃和斧足中SOD、CAT、GPX表现出一定的剂量-效应关系, MDA含量呈先升高后降低的趋势, 3 mg/L组表现出MDA累积;ACP、AKP、Na^+/K^+ATPase、Ga2+/Mg2+ATPase表现出一定剂量-效应关系,酸性磷酸酶较碱性磷酸酶响应更迅速, Na^+/K^+ATPase较Ga2+/Mg2+ATPase更易受WSF影响;鳃中酶类活性受WSF影响更明显。鳃中SOD、GPX、MDA较斧足高,而CAT则相反。斧足、鳃组织RIB值呈现先下降后上升趋势,与WSF浓度及暴露时间存在剂量-效应关系和时间-效应关系,两组之间存在差异性,斧足累积RIB值高于鳃组织。 相似文献
8.
本研究测定了壳寡糖对海南热带糙海参(Holothuria scabra)体腔液和体壁组织中免疫相关因子,酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、溶菌酶(LSZ)和溶血素活性的影响。结果表明,投喂0.5%壳寡糖对糙海参体腔液中AKP、ACP、LSZ和溶血素活性均有明显增强作用(P0.05),其中对ACP和LSZ活力有极显著的影响(P0.01),且投喂6 d内活性均持续增强;0.5%壳寡糖对体壁组织匀浆液中AKP、ACP活性明显增强(P0.05),但随着时间延长,对体壁组织中LSZ和溶血素作用不明显。壳寡糖可以提高海南热带糙海参(Holothuria scabra)的非特异性免疫力。 相似文献
9.
在盐度为12的海水中,添加不同浓度的CaCl2(2、4、6、8、10g/L)可对中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)以及溶菌酶(LZM)的活性产生影响.结果表明:在实验海水中浸泡4h后,实验组与对照组河蟹肝胰腺中5种酶的活性随着CaCl2浓度的上升均出现了不同程度的降低,当CaCl2浓度为10g/L时,活性最低;ACP和AKP分别为对照组的56.72％和40.76％;SOD与CAT的活性在10g/L时为对照组的20.11％和7.32％;LZM的活性为对照组的60.14％;该结果说明:正常海水中CaCl2浓度的提高会导致河蟹体内自由基代谢的紊乱,从而影响机体的正常生理功能和免疫力.除LZM外,当CaCl2浓度为4g/L时,其它免疫酶的活性均表现出向下的拐点.因此,继续提高海水中的CaCl2浓度,将对河蟹成活率产生不利的影响. 相似文献
10.
随着人类工业迅速发展, CO2大量排放,引起了海洋的酸化效应,不仅导致了全球气候变暖,也严重危害了海洋生物的生态健康。以菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)为研究对象,研究pH变化对菲律宾蛤仔耗氧率、排氨率、鳃组织结构以及鳃和内脏团的免疫、抗氧化酶活性的影响。将菲律宾蛤仔置于酸化海水(pH 6.4、7.1和7.7)中,以自然海水(pH 8.1)为对照。结果表明:耗氧率和排氨率随着pH的升高或降低而降低,在pH=8时达到最大值; 6.4酸化组蛤仔鳃组织结构损伤严重,鳃丝间距扩大,纤毛黏合;鳃组织碱性磷酸酶(AKP)第42天所有酸化组活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),所有酸化组溶菌酶(LZM)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05), 7.7酸化组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),所有酸化组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);内脏团7.1和7.7酸化组LZM活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),... 相似文献
11.
经济海藻繁育、养殖及综合利用是海洋农牧业及工业的重要组成部分。20世纪经过几代人的努力，我国在海带、紫菜、裙带菜及龙须菜的繁育、养殖关键技术等方面成功取得突破，为这些海藻的产业化提供坚实的保障，为我国成为世界海藻大国奠定了基础。海藻养殖产业为人们提供了食品、藻胶及其它丰富的产品，这包括保健品、功能食品、化妆品及药物等。海藻养殖产业也对人类经济、社会的发展起到重要作用，通过吸收环境中的二氧化碳、氮和磷，为海洋生态环境的改善发挥了重要作用。本文对我国海藻繁育、养殖及综合开发的历程进行简要回顾，对当前我国、中国科学院海洋研究海藻研究与应用进行了总结，对海藻研究发展的未来进行了展望；适应海藻产业从量向质的方向转变，同时兼顾生态环境效益，为我国海藻研发及应用提供参考。 相似文献
12.
The aim of the present study was to investigate seasonal and spatial patterns of soil oxygen consumption, nitrification, denitrification and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in a tidal salt marsh of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. In the salt marsh, intact soil cores including overlying water were collected monthly at high tide from April to October in salt marsh creeks and in areas covered by the dominant vegetation, Limonium serotinum. In May, cores were also collected in areas with vegetation dominated by Juncus maritimus and Halimione portulacoides. In laboratory incubations at in situ temperature in the dark, flux rates of oxygen and DIN were monitored in the overlying water of the intact cores. 15N-nitrate was added to the overlying water and nitrification and denitrification were measured using isotope-dilution and -pairing techniques. The results show that highest soil oxygen consumption coincided with the highest water temperature in June and July. The highest denitrification rates were recorded in spring and autumn coinciding with the highest nitrate concentrations. Soil oxygen consumption and nitrification rates differed between sampling sites, but denitrification rates were similar among the different vegetation types. The highest rates were recorded in areas covered with L. serotinum. Burrowing soil macrofauna enhanced oxygen consumption, nitrification and denitrification in April and May. The data presented in this study indicate high temporal as well as spatial variations in the flux of oxygen and DIN, and nitrogen transformations in the tidal salt marshes of the Venice lagoon during the growth season. The results identify the salt marshes of the Venice lagoon as being metabolically very active ecosystems with a high capacity to process nitrogen. 相似文献
13.
通过人工授精技术对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus )和夏鲆( Paralichthys dentatus )进行了正反交及回交实验,并比较了正反交、回交子代的胚胎发育时序和仔稚幼鱼的生长.结果表明:孵化水温18.0±0.5℃下,初孵仔鱼破膜用时为:牙鲆41 h,正交鲆47 h,回交牙鲆42 h30 min,回交夏鲆44 h;16.5±0.5℃下,夏鲆61 h 40 min,反交鲆66 h.正交及两组回交子代在胚胎期均可正常发育.反交子代卵裂期出现异常,仅少数胚胎可以孵化.胚胎孵化后,在1~64日的培养过程中,反交鲆于3~4 d 内全部死亡,回交牙鲆发育至18日龄时全部死亡.正交鲆和回交夏鲆可正常发育,与牙鲆没有明显差别 相似文献
14.
克隆获得缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(Sc-GSTσ)和热休克蛋白90(Sc-HSP90)基因的cDNA全长，分析了它们的组织表达差异及其在氨氮胁迫下的表达特征。结果表明，Sc-GSTσ的全长cDNA为1 414 bp，含有639 bp的开放阅读框(Open Reading Frame，ORF)，编码212个氨基酸，Sc-GSTσ氨基酸序列与其他物种的GST氨基酸序列同源性为31.88%～43.40%；而Sc-HSP90的全长cDNA为2 752 bp，ORF为2 181 bp，编码726个氨基酸，其氨基酸序列与其他物种HSP90的氨基酸序列同源性为76.77%～87.05%。荧光定量PCR分析发现，Sc-GSTσ和Sc-HSP90在缢蛏各组织中均有表达，两者均在肝胰腺中表达量最高。氨氮胁迫后，Sc-GSTσ和Sc-HSP90 mRNA在肝胰腺中表达均显著上调(p<0.05)，表明氨氮胁迫引起机体的应激反应，2个基因可能参与机体解毒或防御过程。但胁迫后期表达量下降推测是机体的防御能力有限，不足以完全保护宿主免受应激诱导的细胞损伤。 相似文献
15.
为了探究经过15年种间竞争后的外来无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)与乡土红树植物秋茄(Kandelia obovata)的群落现状与发展趋势,采用样方法对福建省厦门市同安湾典型红树林群落特征开展实地研究。结果表明:(1)无瓣海桑是无瓣海桑群落中的优势种,而秋茄仅在该群落北侧与无瓣海桑少量混交,秋茄+无瓣海桑群落为种植秋茄和无瓣海桑的茂密混交林;(2)调查幼苗天然更新情况中发现,在两个群落中秋茄均有幼苗自然生长,但均未发现无瓣海桑幼苗;(3)生长状况的调查发现,无瓣海桑长势较秋茄差,其倒伏数量和倒伏程度明显比秋茄严重;(4)无瓣海桑在秋茄+无瓣海桑群落中的生长状况优于在无瓣海桑群落,倒伏程度较轻。综上可见,无瓣海桑在福建省厦门市该研究样地及其周边更新成林和扩散困难,未有入侵秋茄群落的优势;无瓣海桑在风浪环境下,较秋茄更易出现倒伏和枯死等不可逆生长现象;红树林种植过程中采用"外来种+乡土种"的模式,可提高整个林分的抗风浪能力,但需注意种植布局规格的合理性,可避免外来速生快长种与乡土种紧邻混交产生较大的种间竞争,减小对乡土种生长的影响。 相似文献
16.
Vertical and horizontal distribution of meiofauna in mangrove sediments in Transkei, southern Africa
The depth-distribution profiles of meiofauna in four transects in the Mngazana River, Transkei were studied during summer 1980. Highest densities [±1000(100 cm3)−1] were encountered within the top 10 cm of the sediment. Nematodes dominated (80%) and the remainder was made up of ciliates, oligochaetes, gastrotrichs, and low numbers of polychaetes, copepods, kinorhynchs and various crustacean larvae. Among chemical parameters Eh correlated most consistantly with distribution, particularly at the lower tidal levels. Temperature and pH appeared to be of lesser importance. The maximum estimated depth of penetration was on average 72 cm at the HW levels; 32 at MW and 23 at LW. The mean dry biomass was estimated at 1073 mg m−2; 941 mg m−2 and 196 mg m−2 at these tidal levels respectively. The importance of preliminary studies designed to estimate the depth distribution of meiofauna is discussed. 相似文献
17.
ＰｒｏｐａｇａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆＰｏｎｎｏｔｈｅｒｅｓｐｈｏｌａｄｉｓｌｉｖｉｎｇｉｎｍａｎｔｌｅｃａｖｉｔｙｏｆＨｉａｔｕｌａａｃｕｔａＹａｎｇＹａｏｃｏｎｇ,ＬｉＦｕｘｕｅ１,ＣａｉＬｉｚｈｅ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＡｐｒｉｌ２４,１９９７... 相似文献
18.
Copper and iron concentrations in three brown algae, Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus and Laminaria digitata (and additionally Mn in L. digitata) from the Irish west coast were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Metal concentrations in the three species were indicative of prevailing bioavailable metal concentrations in situ but varied greatly between functional tissue parts, between sites and over time. Cu concentrations in actively growing tips of A. nodosum decreased over a 4-month period during autumn/winter, while Fe concentrations increased. Both Fe and Cu concentrations in different thallus sections of A. nodosum and F. vesiculosus increased with increasing age of thallus part in a clean site, but there was no consistent trend for F. vesiculosus from an industrialized site. Within sites, concentrations of all Cu and Fe were similar in both fucoids, but concentrations at the industrialized site were about twice as high as at the pristine site. In L. digitata, all three metals were highest in holdfasts, but had distinctly different distribution patterns in stipes and blade sections, which were most likely related to growth pattern and tissue function. Fe was lowest in meristematic and young blade regions, suggesting small-scale Fe limitation in actively growing tissue. Mn concentrations were higher in distal blade sections than in stipes, and Cu concentrations were highest in meristematic and young thallus parts. 相似文献
19.
Conjugation of phenolic xenobiotics and metabolites through sulfation and glucuronidation is an important biotransformation pathway. Sulfotransferases (SULT) are generally considered non-inducible, while some UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoenzymes are co-induced with cytochrome P450-1A by Ah-receptor ligands. To test these assumptions for two fish species, we measured sulfation and glucuronidation of 9-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene in 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) treated channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) from the creosote contaminated Atlantic Wood site in the Elizabeth River, VA. The results show a significant induction of both UGT and SULT activity in 3-MC treated catfish, linked to the expected induction of EROD activity. In mummichog, significant induction of UGT was measured at the contaminated site over the reference site (King's Creek, VA), as well as extremely low SULT activities at both sites. Western blots, using a polyclonal antibody for catfish phenol-type SULT, confirmed the absence of phenol-type SULT in mummichog. Residual, though slightly inducible, SULT activity may be attributed to other SULT isoforms. 相似文献
20.
Four species in the genus Navicula were isolated using the serial dilution method. Based on scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and sequence comparisons of two segments of genes(small ribosomal subunit and large subunit of Rubisco), the species were identified as Navicula perminuta, N. pseudacceptata, N. vara, and N. rhynchocephala. Based on phylogenetic analysis and culture trials, there was a close relationship between N. perminuta and N. vara. Growth of these species was evaluated using measurements of optical density at 680 nm(OD680) under various environmental factors. Results showed that the optimum culture conditions were 25℃, 50–100 μmol photons m-2 s-1, pH 8.0, and salinities from 25 to 30. However, the favorable salinity for N. perminuta was surprisingly high at 35. Nutrient requirement analysis demonstrated that growth of Navicula depended on the availability of SiO32-. Their relative growth rates(RGR) peaked at the highest tested level(0.25 mmol/L). The optimal concentrations of NO3- and PO43- were 3.6 mmol/L and 0.18 mmol/L, respectively. Culture of these Navicula species for abalone or sea cucumber aquaculture should take these factors into consideration. 相似文献