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1.
南海永乐龙洞位于西沙群岛永乐环礁,是迄今为止发现的最深的海洋蓝洞,水文环境及理化因素特殊,90 m以下水体为无氧环境。为研究永乐龙洞浮游植物的群落组成及其昼夜变化,于2017年3月在龙洞、潟湖及外礁坡进行浮游植物样品采集。研究结果表明:龙洞内叶绿素a浓度呈现随深度先增大后减小的趋势,日间浓度最大值层出现在40 m层(0.42μg/L),夜间则出现在20 m层(0.59μg/L)。永乐龙洞微微型浮游植物丰度介于1.1×10^3~5.1×10^4 cells/mL。聚球藻在上层水体占优势(0~20 m),40 m以下水层原绿球藻丰度对微微型浮游植物丰度贡献率最大(90%以上),微微型真核浮游植物丰度在整个水体都较低(除20 m层)。微微型浮游植物昼夜存在明显差异,夜间其丰度最大值层为20 m层,日间则上移至表层。本研究共记录微型和小型浮游植物5门41属55种(含未定种)。其中,硅藻门25属34种、甲藻门12属15种、金藻门1属1种、蓝藻3属、隐藻1属。微型和小型浮游植物丰度介于3.3×10^2~9.8×10^4 cells/L。甲藻丰度对浮游植物总丰度贡献率最大,其次是硅藻,隐藻和蓝藻丰度仅在少数水层占优势。微型和小型浮游植物昼夜变化明显,夜间丰度最大值层为20 m层,日间则出现在40 m层。微微型、微型和小型浮游植物垂直分布与叶绿素a浓度垂直分布一致性高。龙洞浮游植物的种类数和丰度高于潟湖和外礁坡。 相似文献
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为了解西沙群岛珊瑚礁海域浮游动物的群落特征, 于2015年5月末至7月初在西沙群岛8个岛礁(七连屿、永兴岛和东岛3个岛屿以及浪花礁、盘石屿、玉琢礁、华光礁和北礁5个环礁)进行了浮游动物采样, 分析了浮游动物的多样性、丰度和群落结构特征, 并比较了5个环礁潟湖内和向海礁坡区浮游动物群落组成的差异。调查海域共鉴定浮游动物180种(包括浮游幼虫13个类群), 其中桡足类最多, 达83种, 其次是水母类(38种)、浮游软体类(14种)、毛颚类(11种)和浮游被囊类(7种); 浮游动物平均丰度为256.4±117.8个·m-3, 桡足类占总丰度的51.08%, 其次是浮游幼虫(16.30%)、浮游被囊类(13.22%)和毛颚类(7.70%)。浮游动物种数、多样性和均匀度指数、丰度在岛屿和环礁之间以及环礁的潟湖区和向海礁坡区均存在差异; 浮游动物多样性和丰度在东岛、玉琢礁和华光礁较高, 而在七连屿和北礁较低; 5个环礁向海礁坡区的浮游动物多样性和丰度皆高于潟湖区的。多元统计分析结果表明调查岛礁的浮游动物可划分两个聚群(相似水平85%); 岛屿近岸及环礁的潟湖群落(Ⅰ)和岛屿远岸及环礁的向海礁坡群落(Ⅱ); 两个聚群浮游动物组成差异较显著(r=0.832, p<0.001); 前者的种数、多样性指数、总丰度和主要浮游动物类群如桡足类、毛颚类和浮游幼虫的丰度显著低于后者。环礁潟湖区和向海礁坡区的空间异质性和生态环境差异可能是导致浮游动物群落结构呈现不同特征的主要因素。 相似文献
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2007年夏季黄河口及其邻近水域浮游动物的群落特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用2007年夏季在黄河口及其邻近水域以浅水Ⅰ型浮游生物网采集的浮游动物样品,对浮游动物种类组成、丰度分布和群落结构进行分析;同时结合环境参数,初步探讨浮游动物与环境因子的关系.结果显示:夏季共鉴定浮游动物52种(不包括浮游幼体20类),浮游动物平均丰度为4769.6 ind/m3,香农-威纳指数和均匀度指数分别为2.34和0.48.浮游动物优势种类为:柱头幼虫(tornaria larvae)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)和双毛纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa).其中体长较小(0.7～1.1mm)的柱头幼虫和小拟哲水蚤是最重要的优势种类.据各站位浮游动物种类组成和丰度,用聚类分析法可将该水域浮游动物划分为3个组群.相关性分析表明,影响黄河口及邻近水域浮游动物群落结构的主要环境因子组合为底温、表盐和水深. 相似文献
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根据2016年3月和9月南海东北部陆坡区浮游动物垂直分层采样, 比较浮游动物种类组成、丰度和生物量的垂直分布和季节变化, 探讨影响其差异的原因。文中共鉴定浮游动物225种, 其中3月和9月分别出现150种和169种; 桡足类种数达132种, 其次是毛颚类和管水母类, 各18种; 浮游动物种数在50~100m水层最高, 一般随水深增加而减少。浮游动物丰度和生物量主要集中在0~100m, 二者在100m以深水层随深度增加而降低, 而水柱生物量在100~1000m占总水柱生物量的60%以上。浮游动物优势种季节和垂直变化明显, 3月近海种如普通波水蚤(Undinula vulgaris)和微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanus pauper)等在100m以上水层丰度较高; 9月外海种如达氏筛哲水蚤(Cosmocalanus darwinii)和黄角光水蚤(Lucicutia flavicornis)等在100m以浅水层相对于3月丰度增加; 隆线似哲水蚤(Calanoides carinatus)在3月丰度和平均体长高于9月, 并且体长较大者主要分布在深层。浮游动物可分0~100m、100~400m和400~1000m三个群落, 因不同水层种类组成和丰度差异引起。浮游动物丰度和生物量的垂直变化与温度、叶绿素a质量浓度等因子呈显著正相关。南海东北部陆坡浮游动物季节和垂直变化受季风、沿岸流和中尺度涡的影响。 相似文献
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2011年5月(春季)在黄河口及其邻近水域分别采用浅水I型和浅水Ⅱ型浮游生物网采集浮游动物样品,分析了其种类组成、丰度变化及群落结构等特征。结果表明,黄河口及其邻近水域共鉴定浮游动物39种(包括未定种)、浮游幼虫16类。浅水Ⅰ型网采集的浮游动物优势种包括:中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、腹针胸刺水蚤(Centropages abdominalis)、双毛纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa)、强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)、短尾类溞状幼虫(Brachyura zoea larvae),浅水Ⅱ型网优势种为拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis sp.)、双毛纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa)、拟长腹剑水蚤(Oithona similis)、桡足类无节幼虫(Copepoda nauplii)。浅水Ⅱ型网采集的浮游动物丰度是浅水Ⅰ型网的56倍。两种网型采集浮游动物样品的生物多样性指数存在明显差异,浅水Ⅰ型网采集浮游动物的香农-威纳指数高于浅水Ⅱ型网,但种类数浅水Ⅱ型网高于浅水Ⅰ型网。两种网型浮游动物样品的聚类分析(CLUSTER)结果一致,均将研究海域浮游动物划分为3个组群。网型的选择,不会影响聚类分析的结果。 相似文献
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春末海南万宁海域浮游动物群落结构研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
根据 2012 年春末在海南万宁海域所采集的浮游动物样品, 对该海域浮游动物的种类组成、饵料生物量、丰度和生物多样性进行了探讨, 采用大型多元统计软件 PRIMER5.0 对浮游动物的群落结构进行了分析。结果表明调查海域共有浮游动物 70 种、浮游幼虫 10 个类群, 其中优势种共有 6 种: 双尾溞 纽鳃樽、多毛类幼虫、短角长腹剑水蚤、鸟喙尖头 、尖额真猛水蚤和小拟哲水蚤。浮游动物生物量和丰度的平面分布相似, 主要分布在调查海域的北部和中部近岸处。 浮游动物具有较高的均匀度(0.70), 生物多样性指数较高(3.10)。群落结构聚类分析显示浮游动物可以分为 5 个生态类群。 相似文献
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流沙湾海草床海域浮游动物的群落
结构和季节变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2008年2—11月采用浅水Ⅰ型浮游生物网对广东省流沙湾海草床海域的浮游动物进行了周年的季节调查, 研究了其群落结构、季节变化及影响因素。结果表明, 流沙湾海草床海域浮游动物共有49种和13类浮游幼虫, 群落结构主要由桡足类和浮游幼虫所组成。优势种共有20种(类), 4季均为优势种的种类有2种: 针刺拟哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤。年均丰度和生物量分别为84.8ind/m3和132.2mg/m3, 高峰期位于夏季, 低谷位于冬季, 周年变化基本上为单峰型。浮游动物生物量与丰度、pH值呈显著的正相关, 与叶绿素a和水温呈较明显的相关性, 而生物量和丰度与盐度和PO43?呈负相关, 与其它环境因子相关性不明显。 相似文献
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南黄海近岸海域初夏浮游动物的群落特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
采用2016年7月和2017年6-7月在南黄海近岸海域获取的浮游动物样品,研究了种类组成、丰度、生物量、优势种和生物多样性的变化,并分析其与环境因子的相关性关系。结果显示,两个航次的温盐及浮游动物群落特征差异较大。2016年7月表层平均温度为(22.8±1.8)℃,表层平均盐度为30.0±1.6;2017年6-7月表层平均温度为(25.7±3.6)℃,表层平均盐度为(27.8±4.3)℃。2016年浮游动物的种类数为70种(含浮游幼虫24类),2017年种类数为56种(含浮游幼虫18类)。2016年浮游动物平均丰度(4838.2±5186.7 ind·m–3)和平均湿重生物量(324.9±481.5mg·m–3)均高于2017年(2652.4±3507.5 ind·m–3,216.6±245.2 mg·m–3)。两个航次共同的优势种为小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)、近缘大眼剑水蚤(Corycaeus affinis)和双毛纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa)。2016年7月的生物多样性略高于2017年6-7月。温、盐等水文特征的差异是造成2016年和2017年夏季浮游动物群落结构变化的主要原因。 相似文献
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2012年10月对辽河河口10个站点的浮游动物进行了调查,分析了该海域浮游动物的种类组成、生物量、优势种类、群落结构及浮游动物与环境因子的关系。调查海域共发现浮游动物17种(不含浮游幼虫)。优势种包括小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)、长尾住囊虫(Oikopleura longicauda)、异体住囊虫(Oikopleura dioica)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)。浮游动物丰度平均值为3.06×104ind./m3,生物量为147.6 mg/m3。调查海域浮游动物可分为广温广盐群落和广温低盐群落。辽河输入的冲淡水和无机氮是影响浮游动物群落分布的主要因素,这种影响局限于辽河口附近。 相似文献
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南海"三沙永乐龙洞"是目前全球已知最深的海洋蓝洞,具有独特的结构和科学研究价值。根据2017年5月中旬—2017年6月上旬对永乐龙洞及其邻近海域的综合科学考察数据和资料,对龙洞内外浮游植物群落结构进行了比较研究。研究海域水采和网采浮游植物样品共鉴定出浮游植物166种,生态类型以广温广布型类群和热带暖水性类群为主,物种数和细胞丰度以硅藻(103种)和甲藻(57种)占主导,其它包括金藻(2种)、绿藻(2种)和蓝藻(2种)。永乐龙洞内浮游植物有63种,细胞丰度平均值为3.02×10~3个·L~(-1),主要优势种为菱形藻(Nitzschia spp.)、新月柱鞘藻(Cylindrotheca closterium)和舟形藻(Navicula sp.)等,种类多样性指数和均匀度平均值分别为2.02和0.76;洞外深海区浮游植物有130种,细胞丰度平均值为1.89×10~3个·L~(-1),主要优势种为菱形藻(Nitzschia spp.)、角毛藻(Chaetoceros spp.)、菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides)和伏氏海线藻(Thalassionema frauenfeldii)等,种类多样性指数和均匀度平均值分别为3.13和0.87。浮游植物主要分布于光照条件较好的上层水体,细胞丰度高值对应于叶绿素a次表层最大值所在水层。Jaccard相似性指数表明永乐龙洞内与洞外深海区浮游植物种类组成有差异,主要体现在永乐龙洞内浮游植物物种数和多样性指数显著低于洞外深海区的。洞内外海水的有限连通性可能是永乐龙洞内外浮游植物群落差异的重要原因。 相似文献
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Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction. 相似文献
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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
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P.N. Froelich L.W. Kaul J.T. Byrd M.O. Andreae K.K. Roe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(3):239-264
Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NO3, PO4, Si), germanium species, arsenic species, tin, barium, dimethylsulfide and related parameters were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor. Phosphate enrichment from the phosphate industry on the Peace River promotes a productive diatom bloom near the river mouth where NO3 and Si are completely consumed. Inorganic germanium is completely depleted in this bloom by uptake into biogenic opal. The ratio taken up by diatoms is about 0·7 × 10?6, the same as that provided by the river flux, confirming that siliceous organisms incorporate germanium as an accidental trace replacement for silica. Monomethylgermanium and dimethylgermanium concentrations are undetectable in the Peace River, and increase linearly with increasing salinity to the seawater end of the bay, suggesting that these organogermanium species behave conservatively in estuaries, and are neither produced nor consumed during estuarine biogenic opal formation or dissolution. Inorganic arsenic displays slight removal in the bloom. Monomethylarsenic is produced both in the bloom and in mid-estuary, while dimethylarsenic is conservative in the bloom but produced in mid-estuary. The total production of methylarsenicals within the bay approximately balances the removal of inorganic arsenic, suggesting that most biological arsenic uptake in the estuary is biomethylated and released to the water column. Dimethylsulfide increases with increasing salinity in the estuary and shows evidence of removal, probably both by degassing and by microbial consumption. An input of DMS is observed in the central estuary. The behavior of total dissolvable tin shows no biological activity in the bloom or in mid-estuary, but does display a low-salinity input signal that parallels dissolved organic material, perhaps suggesting an association between tin and DOM. Barium displays dramatic input behavior at mid-salinities, probably due to slow release from clays deposited in the harbor after catastrophic phosphate slime spills into the Peace River. 相似文献
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E. Wolanski P. Colin J. Naithani E. Deleersnijder Y. Golbuu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2004,60(4):705-716
Three years of temperature data along two transects extending to 90 m depth, at Palau, Micronesia, show twice-a-day thermocline vertical displacements of commonly 50–100 m, and on one occasion 270 m. The internal wave occurred at a number of frequencies. There were a number of spectral peaks at diurnal and semi-diurnal frequencies, as well as intermediate and sub-inertial frequencies, less so at the inertial frequency. At Palau the waves generally did not travel around the island because there was no coherence between internal waves on either side of the island. The internal waves at a site 30 km offshore were out-of-phase with those on the island slopes, suggesting that the waves were generated on the island slope and then radiated away. Palau Island was thus a source of internal wave energy for the surrounding ocean. A numerical model suggests that the tidal and low-frequency currents flowing around the island form internal waves with maximum wave amplitude on the island slope and that these waves radiate away from the island. The model also suggests that the headland at the southern tip of Palau prevents the internal waves to rotate around the island. The large temperature fluctuations (commonly daily fluctuations ≈10 °C, peaking at 20 °C) appear responsible for generating a thermal stress responsible for a biologically depauperate biological community on the island slopes at depths between 60 and 120 m depth. 相似文献
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Klaus Kremling 《Marine Chemistry》1983,13(2):87-108
In June 1981, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn were determined from two detailed profiles in anoxic Baltic waters (with extra data for Fe and Mn from August 1979). Dramatic changes across the O2H2S interface occur in the abundances of Cu, Co, Fe, and Mn (by factors of ?100). The concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Ni at the redox front decrease by factors between 3 to 5.Equilibrium calculations are presented for varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and compared with the field data. The study strongly supports the assumption that the solubility of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni is greatly enhanced and controlled by the formation of bisulfide and(or) polysulfide complexes. Differences between predicted and measured concentrations of these elements are mainly evident at lower ΣH2S concentrations.Cobalt proved to be very mobile in anoxic regions, and the results indicate that the concentrations are limited by CoS precipitation. The iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) distribution in sulfide-containing waters is controlled by total flux from sediment-water interfaces rather than by equilibrium concentrations of their solid phases (FeS and MnCO3). The concentrations of these metals are therefore expected to increase with prolonged stagnation periods in the basin. 相似文献