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1.
在实验室培养条件下,详细观察了披针形蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia lanceolata)早期发育过程及生活史,研究了温度与光周期、温度与光照强度的交互作用对其盘状体发育及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:(1)披针形蜈蚣藻孢子发育类型为"间接盘状体"类型;(2)披针形蜈蚣藻生活史由单倍体的雌、雄配子体,二倍体的果孢子体和四分孢子体组成,配子体与四分孢子体形态一致,为典型的同型世代交替;(3)温度与光周期、温度与光照强度的交互作用对披针形蜈蚣藻盘状体发育及幼苗生长均有极显著影响(P0.01)。其中由温度与光周期交互实验得出:适宜披针形蜈蚣藻生长发育的温度范围为10—25°C,在温度15°C、光周期16L︰8D的条件下,盘状体相对生长速率最大[RGR=(9.902%±0.51%)/d],幼苗的相对生长速率最大[RGR=(9.569%±0.48%)/d]。温度与光照强度交互实验得出:在温度15°C、光照强度80μmol/(m~2·s)条件下,盘状体相对生长速率最大[RGR=(10.113%±0.51%)/d],幼苗的相对生长速率最大[RGR=(8.839%±0.44%)/d]。本研究为披针形蜈蚣藻的种质保存、人工育苗、规模化栽培以及可持续开发利用提供了理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
2.
在实验室条件下,对大连蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia dalianensis H.W.Wang et D.Zhao)的孢子早期发育、盘状体的形成和直立枝生长进行了详细研究,对其生活史进行了详细观察,并进行了温度和光照强度对孢子发育影响的研究。结果表明:(1)孢子发育类型为间接盘状体型;(2)生活史由雌、雄配子体、四分孢子体和果孢子体三相世代组成,配子体与孢子体形态相同,属于同型世代交替,与属模蜈蚣藻(G.filicina)一致;(3)温度对盘状体和直立枝生长均有影响,最适温度均为16℃;(4)光照强度对盘状体和直立枝生长均有影响,最适光照强度分别为7 500 lx和10 000 lx。 相似文献
3.
在实验室条件下,以细弱蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia tenuis Wang et Luan)为材料,进行了不同温度和光照强度等主要环境因子对其发育影响的研究,同时对其生活史进行了详细观察。结果表明:(1)在4—30°C范围内,盘状体形成与直立枝生长的最适温度为24°C;(2)在光照强度10—200μmol范围内,盘状体形成和直立枝生长的最适光照强度为120μmol/(m2s);(3)孢子(果孢子和四分孢子)发育类型为间接盘状体类型;(4)生活史由单倍体的雌、雄配子体,双倍体的果孢子体(囊果)及四分孢子体构成,四分孢子体和配子体在形态上完全相同,属于典型的同型世代交替;与属模蜈蚣藻(G.filicina)一致。 相似文献
4.
为研究单条胶黏藻(Dumontia simplex Cotton)的孢子发育类型和生活史,探明其孢子发育的最适环境因子,在实验室条件下,通过培养观察,研究不同温度、光照强度和盐度对其孢子(果孢子和四分孢子)早期发育的影响。结果表明:(1)孢子发育过程中无丝状体出现,孢子的发育类型为直接盘状体型。(2)温度、光照强度和盐度对其孢子的早期发育均有影响,温度6—30°C范围内,果孢子发育的最适温度为9°C,四分孢子为9—12°C;光强80—400μmol/(m2·s)范围内,果孢子发育的最适光强为160μmol/(m2·s),四分孢子为160—200μmol/(m2·s);盐度15—50范围内,孢子(果孢子和四分孢子)发育的最适盐度为30。(3)单条胶黏藻生活史由单倍的雌、雄配子体和二倍的果孢子体及四分孢子体构成,配子体和四分孢子体外形一致,交替出现,属于典型的同型世代交替。 相似文献
5.
萱藻不同发育阶段形态学及生活史的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在实验所设定条件下,萱藻(Scytosiphon lomentaria)雌雄配子都可以自由放散,配子结合为合子后发育成为孢子体。孢子体在所设定条件下均可以生长,但其存在形式受到温度影响:在高温(20℃)条件下,孢子体主要以垫状体或类垫状形式存在,孢子体产生的孢子可以发育为新的孢子体;中等温度(13℃)条件下,孢子体以丝状体或类垫状体形式存在,可以产生单室孢子囊,放散的孢子发育为新的叶状体;低温条件下(9℃)孢子体主要以丝状体形式存在,发育缓慢。垫状体主要作为孢子体度夏及自我繁殖的一种形式存在。实验发现配子体的产生与发育主要受温度影响,受光周期影响不明显。 相似文献
6.
江蓠(Gracilaria verrucosa)生活史中有三个世代,即孢子体、配子体和果孢子体(囊果)。其中:孢子体和配子体均为单生、同形的多分枝藻体,果孢子体则附生在雌配子体上。在生殖期间,江蓠的孢子体,除基部老枝和初生的新枝不形成四分孢子囊外,藻体的各部分分枝,均可形成四分孢子囊,放散出四分孢子。雌配子体也是除基部老枝和初生新枝外,藻体的各部分分枝均可附生果孢子体(囊果)。果孢子体成熟放散出果孢子。关于江蓠四分孢子和果孢子放散方式和放散过程的研究,国内外只有零星记载。曾呈奎等1959年,在进行与江蓠幼苗培育试验时,仅记载着:“经过干燥刺激15分钟的藻体放回海水中,发现20～30分钟后,孢子就大量放出,但四分孢子囊是孢子成团冲破表皮脱离母体, 相似文献
7.
附着基粗糙度及表面沉积物对6种海藻孢子附着和幼苗数量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本项研究试验了人工放散的蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia asiatica)与多管藻(Polysi phonia urceolata)孢子及其幼苗在不同粗糙度的附着基上的附着数量、三叉仙菜(Ceramium kondoi)、假根羽藻(Bryopsis corticulans)、酸藻(Desmarestia viridis)和尾孢藻(Urospora penicilli formis)在海水中自然附着幼苗在不同粗糙度的附着基上的附着数量;还试验了不同粗糙度附着基上不同类型的沉积物对自然附着酸藻和尾孢藻的幼苗数量的影响。试验方法是以市售塑料扎带模拟表面粗糙度不同的人工藻礁,使人工刺激后释放的海藻孢子附着在其表面后,吊挂于海中使孢子萌发;空白附着基吊挂于海水中使海藻繁殖体(孢子、合子或受精卵)附着并萌发生长。以普通海泥、高温灭活海泥、底栖硅藻3种不同沉积物覆盖于人工附着基表面,统计各种沉积物在各种粗糙度的附着基上海藻幼苗数量。结果表明,对于无鞭毛的繁殖细胞(蜈蚣藻、多管藻和三叉仙菜的孢子,假根羽藻的合子、酸藻的受精卵)萌发成的幼苗数量受附着基粗糙度影响显著;在一定范围内,两者呈正相关。而萌发自游动孢子的尾孢藻,附着基的粗糙度影响不显著。3种沉积物中,高温灭活的海泥更有利于尾孢藻和酸藻的附着。 相似文献
8.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(7)
利用响应面方法优化并确定了鼠尾藻幼苗生长的最佳生态因子组合条件。采用单因子实验方法,分别测定在不同温度、光照强度和盐度条件下鼠尾藻幼苗的特定生长率,结果发现,温度、光照强度和盐度分别为18℃、8 000lx和28时,其特定生长率最大。以单因子实验结果进行估算,确定了温度、光照强度和盐度的水平范围,根据Box-Behnken中心组合设计,采用多因子实验方法进一步测定了鼠尾藻幼苗特定生长率。利用响应面法对中心组合实验数据进行分析,结合验证实验,确定了鼠尾藻幼苗生长的最佳生态因子组合条件为温度17.74℃、光照强度7 449.27lx、盐度29.08,在该条件下鼠尾藻幼苗特定生长率为6.28%,高于单因子实验和Box-Behnken中心组合设计试验中测定的鼠尾藻幼苗特定生长率。研究表明,响应面法优化鼠尾藻幼苗生长的生态因子组合条件,可用于指导鼠尾藻幼苗早期培育,同时为鼠尾藻生态学、养殖学和鼠尾藻规模化繁育提供理论依据。 相似文献
9.
我们在对我国西沙群岛海藻的研究过程中,发现有两号标本,根据其形态构造,其地位应属于真红藻纲红皮藻目节荚藻科的腹枝藻属(Gastroclonium)或腔炼藻属(Coeloseira)。腹枝藻属是 Ktzing 在1843年建立的。本属的主要特征为藻体具一中实的主干,上生中空并有横隔膜的小枝,小枝由一些缢缩成节的节片组成;囊果中心有一大的融合胞,胞周围附有大的果孢子;四分孢子体具四分孢子囊,有时有多孢子囊。1940年,Hollenberg 相似文献
10.
持续降雨会引起光照强度和海水表层盐度的变化。近年来，受梅雨影响，福建省龙须菜（Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis）栽培产量波动明显。为揭示其原因，本实验设置3个盐度梯度（低盐: 16，中盐: 24，高盐: 32）和两个光强水平［低光: 30 μmol/(m2·s)，高光: 120 μmol/(m2·s)］，共6个不同处理组合，研究其对龙须菜生长和光合特性的影响。结果发现：①盐度、光照强度和二者交互作用对龙须菜的相对生长速率和净光合速率均具有显著影响（P<0.05），适当降低盐度、增加光照有利于提高藻体相对生长速率和净光合速率，同时盐度适当降低条件下藻体呼吸速率被显著抑制；②光照强度和盐度对龙须菜有效光合量子产率、最大相对电子传递速率、光能利用效率均具有显著影响（P<0.05），在光照增加条件下有效光合量子产率和最大相对电子传递速率随盐度增加呈先增加后降低的趋势，光照强度和盐度的交互作用仅对光能利用效率影响不显著（P>0.05）；③盐度对龙须菜的光合色素含量具有显著影响（P<0.05），在同一光强条件下藻体色素随着盐度增加呈先升高后降低的趋势；在盐度适当降低条件下，光照增加显著促进其叶绿素a的合成；盐度和光照强度的交互作用对龙须菜的叶绿素a和藻红蛋白含量具有显著影响（P<0.05）。进一步分析表明：光照充足条件下盐度的适当降低促进藻体光合作用的增强和光合色素合成，进而促进龙须菜的生长；当盐度过低时，龙须菜的生长、光合作用和色素合成均受到明显抑制。结果表明梅雨季节龙须菜栽培产量潜在地取决于光照强度、海水表层盐度及其耦合作用的变化。 相似文献
11.
On the basis of morphological observations, life history and molecular phylogeny, Grateloupia yangjiangensis, which is similar to G. filicina, G. orientalis, G. catenata, and G. ramosissima in appearance, was re-examined. The results are as follows:(1) the auxiliary-cell ampullae of G. yangjiangensis were of Grateloupia type, thalli was fleshy and gelatinous in texture, and the erect axes were compressed; the cortex was 0.25–0.30 mm thick, consisting of five to seven outer layers, and there were five inner layers of triangular or stellate cells;(2) there was no filamentous stage in the development of the carpospores;(3) the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase gene(rbcL) sequence of four G. yangjiangensis examined showed that there was no intergeneric divergence among them, and for the phylogenetic tree, four sequences of G. yangjiangensis formed a single monophyletic subclade within the large Grateloupia clade of Halymeniaceae. In conclusion, G. yangjiangensis was a single species within the genus Grateloupia. This research provided criterion for identification and cultivation of G. yangjiangensis. 相似文献
12.
Comparison of growing thalli in alternating haploid and diploid phases of Grateloupia subpectinata (Rhodophyta) was studied. Fertile thalli from gametophyte and tetrasporophyte of G. subpectinata were collected from Yangyang, on the eastern coast of Korea. The size of the released tetraspores and carpospores was measured; the spores were then incubated at the temperature of 20°C, irradiance of 40 μmol photon m-2s-1 and photoperiod of 12L and 12D. Carpospores were also cultivated in the same conditions as the tetraspores culture. The crusts were subsequently transferred to a tank culture after six months. The specific growth rate (SGR) was measured by observing 50 crusts and 30 thalli. The released carpospores had a larger diameter (9.98 μm) than the tetraspores (9.38 μm). The crusts from the carpospores also show a higher specific growth rate (14.04% d-1) than tetraspores (13.39% d-1). After being transferred and cultured in a tank, the upright thalli grew slowly in May-June (13–15°C) and rapidly in July–September (17–22°C). The length of growing thalli of sporophyte from carpospores also revealed a higher specific growth rate (2.83% d-1) than gametophytic thalli (2.38% d-1). The specific growth rate of crusts and thalli developed from carpospores was higher than that of the crusts developed from tetraspores. This result suggests that the cultivation of sporophytes may be more profitable than gametophytes because harvesting can be done more efficiently. 相似文献
13.
A complete first order orthogonal plan was used to optimize the growth and the production of yessotoxin (YTX) by the dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum in culture by controlling salinity, temperature and irradiance. Initially, an approach to the kinetic data of cellular density and YTX production for each one of the experimental design conditions was performed. The P. reticulatum growth and YTX production were fitted to logistical equations and to a first-order kinetic model, respectively. The parameters obtained from this adjustment were used as dependent variables for the formulation of the empirical equations of the factorial design tested. The results showed that in practically all the cases for both, P. reticulatum growth and YTX production, irradiance is the primary independent variable and has a positive effect in the range 50-90 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1). Additionally, in certain specific cases, temperature reveals significant positive effects when maintained between 15 and 23 degrees C and salinity in the range of 20-34 displays negative effects. Despite the narrow ranges used in the work, results showed the suitability of factorial analysis to evaluate the optimal conditions for growth and yessotoxin production by the dinoflagellate P. reticulatum. 相似文献
14.
Temperature and light tolerance of representative brown, green and red algae in tumble culture revealed by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Ulva lactuca, Grateloupia turuturu and Palmaria palmata are suitable species that fit the requirements of a seaweed-animal integrated aquaculture system in terms of their viable biomass, rapid growth and promising nutrient uptake rates. In this investigation, the responses of the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield of the five algal species in tumble culture were assessed at a temperature range of 10 - 30℃. The results revealed that Ulva lactuca was the most resistant species to high temperature, withstanding 30℃ for 4 h without apparent decline in the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield . While the arctic alga Palmaria palmata was the most vulnerable one, showing significant decline in the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield at 25℃ for 2 h. The cold-water species Laminaria japonica, however, demonstrated strong ability to cope with higher temperature （24 -26℃ ） for shorter time （within 24 h） without significant decline in the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield . Grateloupia turuturu showed a general decrease in the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield with the rising temperature from 23 to 30℃ , similar to the temperate kelp Undaria pinnatifida. Changes of chlorophyll fluorescence yields of these algae were characterized differently indicating the existence of species-unique strategy to cope with high light. Measurements of the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield after short exposure to direct solar irradiance revealed how long these exposures could be without significant photoinhibition or with promising recovery in photosynthetic activities. Seasonal pattern of alternation of algal species in tank culture in the Northern Hemisphere at the latitude of 36°N was proposed according to these basic measurements. 相似文献
15.
综述了紫菜属种间以及种内的生活史多样性和繁殖方式多样性，以及减数分裂发生位置和性别形成等相关方面的研究进展；旨在加深和完善对紫菜属生活史和繁殖方式的认识，并推动近年来受本领域关注的对生活史多样性的形成机制的研究及其在育种实践中的应用。 相似文献
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17.
The effects of three photoperiods (24 hr illumination, 12 hr illumination + 12 hr darkness and 24 hr darkness) and three salinities (20‰, 30‰ and 35‰) on the uptake of 60Co and 137Cs for Chlorella sp. and on the growth of its algae are studied. The uptake of 60Co for the algae is two orders of magnitude higher than that of 137Cs. Of factorial effects, the effect of photoperiod is most significant either on the uptake of the radionuclides or on the growth of the algae; the effect of salinity comes next in order and that of their interaction remains with the last. The uptake of the two radionuclides increases with extended photoperiod while the uptake of 137Cs declines with increasing of salinity. The growth of the algae appears to be the best under the conditions of 24 hr illumination and 30‰ salinity. 相似文献
18.
通过形态结构观察结合rbcL和COI基因序列分析的方法,发现分布于海南省博鳌的台湾蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia taiwanensis S.M.Lin et H.Y.Liang)为海南新纪录种。结果表明:藻体直立,红色或紫红色,质地柔软黏滑,高6—18cm,宽2—3cm,叶片呈披针形,边缘长出的小育枝亦呈披针形,长5—25mm,宽1—5mm,固着器呈圆盘状;皮层由8—11层细胞构成,髓部非中空,髓丝纵走或相互交错;雌雄异体,精子囊由外皮层细胞形成,球形。果胞枝生殖枝丛主枝由6个细胞构成,辅助细胞生殖枝丛主枝由5个细胞构成(6cpb-5auxb型),均为典型的Grateloupia型。囊果散布于除固着器外的整个雌配子体的表面;四分孢子囊由四分孢子体的内皮层细胞产生,呈十字形分裂。rbcL基因序列分析结果显示4个采自海南的样本与产自台湾南部的台湾蜈蚣藻之间无碱基序列差异;COI基因序列分析结果显示4个样本间无碱基差异,在蜈蚣藻属这一大的进化支中聚集成独立的小分支,区别于其他种。 相似文献
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有孔虫在生长发育过程中能够捕获或黏附周围海水中的钙质或硅质形成自己的壳体,因此有孔虫的地球化学特征能够记录古气候、古海洋和古环境信息。以2017年蛟龙号第136潜次在南海珍贝海山底部约2500 m水深位置精准采集的柱状样品为研究对象,对其中的G.ruber以及G.sacculifer两类浮游有孔虫壳体的Mg/Ca以及碳氧同位素组成进行了分析测试。结果表明自12.6 ka以来该海域表层海水温度(SST)的变化范围为24.4~29.3℃,平均温度为26.2℃,并能够识别出明显的气候突变事件,在时间范围上与新仙女木事件和全新世东亚夏季风突变事件大致吻合。这些突变事件可能受控于ENSO活动和热带辐合带(ITCZ)平均位置的纬向移动,并与北大西洋冰筏事件具有遥相关。此外,发现全新世期间浮游有孔虫G.sacculifer和G.ruber的碳同位素分馏值Δ^13CG.sacculifer-G.ruber与SST变化有关,SST降低时,Δ^13CG.sacculifer-G.ruber呈负偏;而在SST升高时,Δ^13CG.sacculifer-G.ruber呈正偏。 相似文献