共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 671 毫秒
1.
对马氏珠母贝人工育苗换水、投附着基和饵料等关键环节进行了研究。结果表明:(1)不换水组的D形幼虫及壳顶幼虫的存活率,稚贝育成率以及D形幼虫、壳顶幼虫及稚贝壳长日生长率比换水组分别提高了15.3%、259.6%、186.5%、33.3%、34.2%、12.4%,且差异显著;(2)第1、2次投附着板组的稚贝壳长日生长率均比一次性投附着板组快,第3次投附着板组的壳长日生长率比其他所有组均慢,且差异均显著。多次投附着板组的同一批次稚贝均匀度均比一次性投附着板组好,且多次投附着板组比一次性投附着板组的稚贝育成率提高了32.5%,稚贝存活率提高了19.3%,采苗量提高了35%;(3)投喂虾塘水组稚贝存活率、育成率及壳长日生长率比投喂50%自溶酵母+50%小球藻组分别提高了28.1%、47.2%、35.9%,而投喂这两种不同饵料的稚贝阴干后的存活率差异不显著。研究表明,通过封闭不换水育苗、多次投附着板及投喂虾塘水中的生态饵料的方法可以高效地培育出健康的马氏珠母贝种苗。 相似文献
2.
马氏珠母贝两个与生长性状相关QTL 的验证 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2个马氏珠母贝群体对遗传连锁图谱已经定位的,与马氏珠母贝生长性状相关的数量性状位点(Quantitative trait locus,QTL)中的两个进行验证。结果显示:m59标记在2个群体中与壳高、壳长、壳宽和总重具有显著的相关性(P0.05),其GT基因型的个体壳高、壳长、壳宽和总重均显著高于GG基因型的个体;154165标记在湛江群体中与壳高具有显著相关性(P0.05),而在深圳群体中与壳宽具有显著相关性(P0.05);表明QTL标记m59在2个群体中是共享QTL,而154165标记在群体中是特异QTL。基于这两个QTL在这2个群体中分别构建二倍型,发现在湛江群体中二倍型C_1(AAGT)和深圳群体中D_1(AGGT)型和D_2(AAGT)型对马氏珠母贝生长最为有利,可作为优先的基因型组合。 相似文献
3.
马氏珠母贝选育子一代生长特性研究 总被引：28，自引：3，他引：28
通过选择培育获得马氏珠母贝Pinctada martensii大亚湾养殖群体选育子一代(DDS),以大亚湾养殖群体为对照(DDC),在相同条件下进行养殖,对其生长性状进行了约1年的跟踪测量,运用t检验对2个组别主要性状进行了比较。分析表明,经过一代的选育,DDS在壳长、高、宽和总重上均大于DDC,存活率提高9.18%,除壳长在2个时期(2003年12月,2004年2月)差异不显著外(p>0.05),DDC/DDS2个组别其他性状在7个生长时期均具有显著差异(p<0.05)。该研究为进一步通过选择育种培育马氏珠母贝优良品种奠定了基础。 相似文献
4.
长牡蛎中国群体与日本群体杂交子一代的生长和存活比较 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以中国长牡蛎(C)和日本长牡蛎(J)为材料,进行了4个组合的杂交和自交实验,分析了各实验组受精率、孵化率,幼虫和稚贝的生长、存活以及杂交子代的杂种优势。结果表明,自交组的受精率介于杂交组之间,但是经单因素方差分析表明没有显著性差异; JJ组的孵化率最高,其次是JC和CC组, CJ组的孵化率最低,相同卵子来源的组合在孵化率上无显著差异。JJ组在幼虫期和稚贝期、养成期的壳高、壳长平均值均大于其他三组; JC组在幼虫期和稚贝期、养成期的壳高、壳长仅次于JJ组,其壳高、壳长和存活率杂种优势率均较为明显; CJ组的杂种优势率在幼虫期和稚贝养成期的各个生长性状上都表现为负值。杂交子一代中存在正交和反交结果不同的现象可能与母性效应、遗传因素和环境等因素有关。 相似文献
5.
海洋酸化对马氏珠母贝珍珠层形成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了酸化环境对马氏珠母贝珍珠层形成的影响。在温度为28℃,盐度为31的条件下,分别在p H 8.2(对照组,CG)、p H 7.7(实验一组,E1)和p H 7.4(实验二组,E2)的海水中养殖马氏珠母贝,观察贝壳珍珠层结晶形貌的变化,并检测珍珠层形成相关的矿化基因(pif177、nacrein及pearlin)在外套膜中央区(mantle center,MC)的表达。结果表明:(1)通过扫描电镜观察贝壳,比较对照组与实验组贝壳晶体形貌变化,发现E1组贝壳珍珠层低倍镜下,生长阶梯明显,高倍镜下超微结构规则,六边形棱角不明显,但边界清晰;而E2组出现板块边界不明显,生长排列不规则等现象,说明了海水酸化影响了马氏珠母贝的钙沉积,引起珍珠层形貌特征的变化;(2)实验设定条件下,pif177、nacrein及pearlin基因表达量整体上呈现随p H降低而降低的变化趋势。其中,E1组与CG组间均无显著性差异(P0.05),E2组均较CG组显著下调(P0.05)。 相似文献
6.
以2014年构建的壳金长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)全同胞家系为亲本,通过近交和设置对照组的方法,研究了近交对壳金长牡蛎家系幼虫期与稚贝期生长和存活的影响。结果表明,在整个实验期间,壳金F1家系的壳高、壳长和存活率均小于对照组。壳金F1家系的壳高和壳长仅在1日龄、190日龄与对照组差异不显著(P0.05),存活率仅在20日龄时与对照组差异显著(P0.05)。幼虫期,壳金F1家系壳高的近交衰退率范围为0.85%—13.70%,壳长的近交衰退率范围为0.75%—10.83%,存活率的近交衰退范围为4.24%—27.44%。稚贝期,壳金F1家系壳高的近交衰退率范围为6.16%—9.90%,壳长的近交衰退率范围为1.76%—14.21%,存活率的近交衰退范围为1.92%—4.18%。 相似文献
7.
肌肉生长抑制素myostatin(MSTN),是目前已知抑制肌肉生长最强效的分化因子,具有负向调控肌肉生长、发育的作用,它与生长之间的这种单向作用关系,使其在养殖生物遗传改良上具有重要的潜在应用价值。文以马氏珠母贝MSTN基因21个e SNP位点作为候选SNP位点,对106只马氏珠母贝进行基因分型并与8个生长性状进行关联分析。SNP最小等位基因频率的范围为0.028 3~0.490 4,多态信息含量(PIC)的范围为0.093 6~0.375 0,观测杂合度(Ho)及期望杂合度(He)的范围分别为0.028 3~1.000 0及0.098 9~0.502 7。2个SNP位点与生长性状显著关联:g.3154 AG位点的GG型个体的壳高、壳长、总重、壳重、软体部重和闭壳肌重显著大于AG型个体(P0.05);g.4379AG位点GG型个体的壳高、壳长、铰合线长、总重、软体部重和闭壳肌重显著大于AG型个体(P0.05)。g.3154 AG位点和g.4379AG位点间无显著交互作用。这2个SNP可作为潜在的马氏珠母贝基因型选择育种标记。 相似文献
8.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(2)
为研究长牡蛎不同种群杂交的杂种优势,本研究选择长牡蛎中国群体(C)连续选育5代和日本群体(J)连续选育6代的个体作为亲本,进行完全双列杂交,比较分析了幼虫期、稚贝期和养成期3个阶段各实验组的生长与存活情况。研究表明:在幼虫期,杂交组的生长与存活性状表现出微弱的杂种优势,自交组JJ(J♀×J♂)和反交组JC(J♀×C♂)生长优势明显,而自交组CC(C♀×C♂)和正交组CJ(C♀×J♂)存活率较高,表明幼虫期存在显著的母性效应,正交组CJ存活率最高,杂种优势率为4.67%~40.30%。在稚贝期及养成期,杂交组各生长性状(壳高、壳长、壳宽和总重)表现出显著的杂种优势,总重的杂种优势率最高,为13.61%~21.71%,其中正交组CJ各生长性状的杂种优势率均表现为正值。从整个生长阶段来看,正交组CJ在幼虫期存活率最高,在稚贝期和养成期各生长性状均具有杂种优势,表明正交组CJ是最适的杂交组合,具有很大的生产潜力。 相似文献
9.
以马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata martensii)黄壳色作为选育指标构建了黄壳家系,对其4个生长性状和黄壳色性状分离比进行了统计分析,并测定了黄壳家系中黄壳、褐壳色个体不同组织中的总抗氧化能力(TAC)。结果发现:黄壳色性状能遗传并发生分离,其分离不完全符合孟德尔遗传分离定律;褐壳色亲本不会产生黄壳色子代,推测褐壳色是纯合子;第一代黄壳家系5、7月龄贝仅壳宽值显著小于褐壳家系(P0.05),壳高、壳长、总质量差异不显著, 11月龄贝仅壳长和壳宽值显著小于褐壳家系, 14、20月龄贝的壳高、壳长、壳宽、总质量这4个生长性状均极显著小于褐壳家系(P0.01);在第一代6个黄壳家系内,黄壳、褐壳色个体的4个生长性状差异不显著;黄壳色贝在足、心、性腺中的TAC显著低于褐壳色贝(P0.05);在鳃、闭壳肌、消化腺组织中TAC高于褐壳色贝,但差异不显著。 相似文献
10.
《热带海洋学报》2017,(2)
对马氏珠母贝生长性状QTL411871进行初步验证,然后建立两种基因型组配:♀AT×♂AT(30号)和♀TT×♂AT(31号),对其实际的基因型效应进行分析。结果显示,QTL411871在验证群体中与闭壳肌重显著相关(P0.05),优势基因型为AT。在30和31号基因型组配中,QTL411871与生长性状关联不显著(P0.05),AT基因型的遗传效应小,但仍是个体生长性状均值最大的基因型。QTL423886标记在30号组配中与壳高、壳长和总重显著相关(P0.05),其AG基因型个体的壳高、壳长和总重显著大于GG基因型;而在31号组配中与生长性状关联不显著(P0.05)。基于这2个QTL标记在30和31号组配中分别构建二倍型,发现在30号组配中二倍型C1(ATAG)和31号组配中D1(ATAA)型对马氏珠母贝的生长最为有利,可作为优先的基因型组合。该结果为开展马氏珠母贝的分子标记辅助选择育种提供了指导。 相似文献
11.
Climate change is a threat to marine biota because increased atmospheric CO2 is causing ocean warming, acidification, hypercapnia and decreased carbonate saturation. These stressors have toxic effects on invertebrate development. The persistence and success of populations requires all ontogenetic stages be completed successfully and, due to their sensitivity to environmental stressors, developmental stages may be a population bottleneck in a changing ocean. Global change ecotoxicology is being used to identify the marine invertebrate developmental stages vulnerable to climate change. This overview of research, and the methodologies used, shows that most studies focus on acidification, with few studies on ocean warming, despite a long history of research on developmental thermotolerance. The interactive effects of stressors are poorly studied. Experimental approaches differ among studies. Fertilization in many species exhibits a broad tolerance to warming and/or acidification, although different methodologies confound inter-study comparisons. Early development is susceptible to warming and most calcifying larvae are sensitive to acidification/increased pCO2. In multistressor studies moderate warming diminishes the negative impact of acidification on calcification in some species. Development of non-calcifying larvae appears resilient to near-future ocean change. Although differences in species sensitivities to ocean change stressors undoubtedly reflect different tolerance levels, inconsistent handling of gametes, embryos and larvae probably influences different research outcomes. Due to the integrative ‘developmental domino effect’, life history responses will be influenced by the ontogenetic stage at which experimental incubations are initiated. Exposure to climate change stressors from early development (fertilization where possible) in multistressor experiments is needed to identify ontogenetic sensitivities and this will be facilitated by more consistent methodologies. 相似文献
12.
Helen S. Findlay Michael A. Kendall John I. Spicer Stephen Widdicombe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010
The Arctic Ocean and its associated ecosystems face numerous challenges over the coming century. Increasing atmospheric CO2 is causing increasing warming and ice melting as well as a concomitant change in ocean chemistry (“ocean acidification”). As temperature increases it is expected that many temperate species will expand their geographic distribution northwards to follow this thermal shift; however with the addition of ocean acidification this transition may not be so straightforward. Here we investigate the potential impacts of ocean acidification and climate change on populations of an intertidal species, in this case the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides, at the northern edge of its range. Growth and development of metamorphosing post-larvae were negatively impacted at lower pH (pH 7.7) compared to the control (pH 8.1) but were not affected by elevated temperature (+4 °C). The mineral composition of the shells did not alter under any of the treatments. The combination of reduced growth and maintained mineral content suggests that there may have been a change in the energetic balance of the exposed animals. In undersaturated conditions more mineral is expected to dissolve from the shell and hence more energy would be required to maintain the mineral integrity. Any energy that would normally be invested into growth could be reallocated and hence organisms growing in lowered pH grow slower and end up smaller than individuals grown in higher pH conditions. The idea of reallocation of resources under different conditions of pH requires further investigation. However, there could be long-term implications on the fitness of these barnacles, which in turn may prevent them from successfully colonising new areas. 相似文献
13.
Riccardo Rodolfo‐Metalpa Chiara Lombardi Silvia Cocito Jason M. Hall‐Spencer Maria Cristina Gambi 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(3):447-456
There are serious concerns that ocean acidification will combine with the effects of global warming to cause major shifts in marine ecosystems, but there is a lack of field data on the combined ecological effects of these changes due to the difficulty of creating large‐scale, long‐term exposures to elevated CO2 and temperature. Here we report the first coastal transplant experiment designed to investigate the effects of naturally acidified seawater on the rates of net calcification and dissolution of the branched calcitic bryozoan Myriapora truncata (Pallas, 1766). Colonies were transplanted to normal (pH 8.1), high (mean pH 7.66, minimum value 7.33) and extremely high CO2 conditions (mean pH 7.43, minimum value 6.83) at gas vents off Ischia Island (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). The net calcification rates of live colonies and the dissolution rates of dead colonies were estimated by weighing after 45 days (May–June 2008) and after 128 days (July–October) to examine the hypothesis that high CO2 levels affect bryozoan growth and survival differently during moderate and warm water conditions. In the first observation period, seawater temperatures ranged from 19 to 24 °C; dead M. truncata colonies dissolved at high CO2 levels (pH 7.66), whereas live specimens maintained the same net calcification rate as those growing at normal pH. In extremely high CO2 conditions (mean pH 7.43), the live bryozoans calcified significantly less than those at normal pH. Therefore, established colonies of M. truncata seem well able to withstand the levels of ocean acidification predicted in the next 200 years, possibly because the soft tissues protect the skeleton from an external decrease in pH. However, during the second period of observation a prolonged period of high seawater temperatures (25–28 °C) halted calcification both in controls and at high CO2, and all transplants died when high temperatures were combined with extremely high CO2 levels. Clearly, attempts to predict the future response of organisms to ocean acidification need to consider the effects of concurrent changes such as the Mediterranean trend for increased summer temperatures in surface waters. Although M. truncata was resilient to short‐term exposure to high levels of ocean acidification at normal temperatures, our field transplants showed that its ability to calcify at higher temperatures was compromised, adding it to the growing list of species now potentially threatened by global warming. 相似文献
14.
It widely thought that ocean acidification processes that caused by atmospheric CO2 increase and accordingly lower seawater pH conditions might cause serious harm to marine food webs in certain ecosystems in the near future. Little is known about how marine fishes respond to reduced pH conditions. We investigated the effects of CO2 conditions on the growth of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) larvae. Newly hatched larvae were reared at three different levels of pCO2 (574, 988 and 1297 µatm) in temperature-controlled (21 ± 0.5°C) water tanks for four weeks until metamorphosis. The experiment was repeated three times in May, June, and July 2011, and body lengths and weights were measured at the completion of each experiment. The results indicated that the body length and weight of flounder larvae significantly increased with increasing CO2 concentrations (P < 0.05). A higher daily growth rate during the early larval stage (hatching to 14 days) was found among the larvae reared in low pCO2 conditions, while a significantly lower growth rate was found among larvae in higher pCO2 water conditions. On the other hand, in the late larval stage (18 days after hatching to metamorphosis), the daily growth rate of larvae was much higher in high CO2 water. Bone density of larvae, however, decreased with increasing CO2 concentration in the water
相似文献15.
The gametes of marine invertebrates are being spawned into an ocean that is simultaneously warming and decreasing in pH. Predicting the potential for interactive effects of these stressors on fertilization is difficult, especially for stenothermal polar invertebrates adapted to fertilization in cold, viscous water and, when decreased sperm availability may be an additional stressor. The impact of increased temperature (2–4 °C above ambient) and decreased pH (0.2–0.4 pH units below ambient) on fertilization in the Antarctic echinoid Sterechinus neumayeri across a range of sperm concentrations was investigated in cross-factorial experiments in context with near future ocean change projections. The high temperature treatment (+4 °C) was also used to assess thermal tolerance. Gametes from multiple males and females in replicate experiments were used to reflect the multiple spawner scenario in nature. For fertilization at low sperm density we tested three hypotheses, 1) increased temperature enhances fertilization success, 2) low pH reduces fertilization and, 3) due to the cold stenothermal physiology of S. neumayeri, temperature would be the more significant stressor. Temperature and sperm levels had a significant effect on fertilization, but decreased pH did not affect fertilization. Warming enhanced fertilization at the lowest sperm concentration tested likely through stimulation of sperm motility and reduced water viscosity. Our results indicate that fertilization in S. neumayeri, even at low sperm levels potentially found in nature, is resilient to near-future ocean warming and acidification. 相似文献
16.
Viyakarn Voranop Lalitpattarakit Wipada Chinfak Narainrit Jandang Suppakarn Kuanui Pataporn Khokiattiwong Somkiat Chavanich Suchana 《Ocean Science Journal》2015,50(2):475-480
The effects of pH reduction on the settlement and development of the coral Pocillopora damicornis were investigated. Three different pH treatments (pH = 7.6, 7.9, and 8.1) were used. In addition, water quality (temperature, salinity, total alkalinity) around the study site was monitored. The results showed significant differences in the settlement rates of Pocillopora damicornis larvae between pH treatments (p ≤ 0.05). A decrease in pH levels caused a strong decline in larval settlement rate. In addition, at pH 7.6 and 7.9, all larvae were unable to complete metamorphosis, and metamorphosis delay was observed. Field monitoring showed low fluctuation of all seawater parameters within 24 hours, and there was no difference between seasons. From this study, a strong negative effect of pH reduction on P. damicornis larvae was observed. Although the function of physiology is still not clearly understood, correlations are likely to exist.
相似文献17.
海洋酸化是当前全球面临的最为紧迫的环境问题之一，已显现出对海洋生物的严重影响。贻贝是我国重要的经济贝类之一，但目前尚缺乏海洋酸化背景下厚壳贻贝的分子响应相关研究。为此，对厚壳贻贝外套膜组织开展了急性酸化条件下的代谢组学分析，以期了解厚壳贻贝在酸化条件下，其外套膜组织的代谢物组成和含量变化。采用超高压液相色谱-串联质谱技术，结合代谢物数据库搜索和鉴定，从厚壳贻贝外套膜中鉴定代谢物总计7882种。与对照组相比，酸化处理后的厚壳贻贝外套膜组织中共有497种代谢物含量发生显著变化(P<0.05)，其中，320种差异代谢物显著上调，177种显著下调。差异代谢物富集的代谢通路主要包括脂代谢、信号转导、维生素代谢、核酸代谢、氨基酸代谢以及ABC转运体。结合外套膜游离氨基酸组成分析以及抗氧化活性分析，推测厚壳贻贝通过激活尿素合成、增强细胞膜流动性以及加强渗透压调节和钙离子转运等方式来应对海洋酸化的威胁。上述研究为深入了解贻贝应对海洋酸化的分子策略，以及在海洋酸化大背景下的贻贝健康养殖奠定了基础。 相似文献
18.
本文在实验室模拟近期海洋酸化水平,对海洋酸化对海水青鳉鱼(Oryzia melastigma)胚胎骨骼发育的影响进行了初步研究。实验中,通过往实验水体中充入一定浓度CO2气体酸化海水。对照组CO2分压为450×10-6,两个处理组CO2浓度分别为1 160×10-6和1 783×10-6,对应的水体pH值分别为8.14,7.85和7.67。将海水青鳉鱼受精卵放入实验水体中至仔鱼孵化出膜,对初孵仔鱼经骨骼染色、显微拍照,挑取了仔鱼头部、躯干及尾部骨骼染色清晰的28个骨骼参数的长度进行了显微软件测量及数据统计分析。结果发现,酸化处理对实验鱼所测量的骨骼长度影响均不显著。因此推测,未来100~200年间海洋酸化对海水青鳉鱼的胚胎及初孵仔鱼的骨骼发育没有显著影响。 相似文献
19.
基于2×2交叉实验设计,通过杂交和6-DMAP等诱导处理,构建了二倍体自交组、二倍体杂交组、三倍体诱导自交组和三倍体诱导杂交组等四个实验组家系,探讨了海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)幼虫期生长及存活的杂种优势和6-DMAP诱导处理效应的复合作用。分别计算各家系的孵化率,测定了各家系幼虫期第1、5、10天幼虫个体的壳长以及第5天和第10天各家系幼虫的存活率。利用一般线性模型(general linear model (GLM))计算表型变量的原因方差组分,评估了杂交和6-DMAP处理对扇贝幼虫生长和存活的影响。结果显示:6-DMAP处理组孵化率要显著低于非处理实验组(P0.05)。三倍体诱导自交组第5天幼虫存活率显著低于其他组(P0.05),到第10天三倍体自交组全部死亡。三倍体诱导杂交组第10天存活率低于二倍体组但不显著(P0.05)。在第1天幼虫生长中,三倍体诱导杂交组幼虫壳长显著小于其他组(P0.05),第5天幼虫生长中,三倍体诱导杂交组壳长则显著大于其他组,而三倍体诱导自交组则显著小于其他组(P0.05)。在第10天幼虫生长中,二倍体自交组显著小于二倍体杂交组和三倍体诱导杂交组组(P0.05)。上述结果显示扇贝幼虫生长期的杂种优势和三倍体诱导效应间存在一定相互作用。 相似文献