北冰洋西部沉积物有机碳、氮同位素特征及其环境指示意义   总被引：5，自引：7，他引：5  

陈志华  石学法  蔡德陵  韩贻兵  杨作升 《海洋学报》2006,28(6):61-71

通过对楚科奇海及邻近的北冰洋深水区表层沉积物中有机碳同位素含量(δ13C)、氮同位素含量(δ15N)及生物成因SiO₂(BSiO₂)含量分析,结果表明海源和陆源有机质的分布受海区环流结构和营养盐结构所制约.楚科奇海中西部和楚科奇海台受太平洋富营养盐海水的影响,海洋生产力高,沉积物中海源有机质和BSiO₂含量高;靠阿拉斯加一侧海域海水的营养盐含量和生产力都偏低,沉积物中陆源有机质比重增加;在研究区北部和东北部的楚科奇高地和加拿大海盆,冰封时间较长,营养盐供应少,海洋生产力低,但来自马更些河和阿拉斯加北部的陆源有机质增多,沉积物中BSiO₂含量小于5%,海源有机质百分含量小于40%.由于亚北极太平洋水通过楚科奇海向北冰洋海盆输送,研究区营养盐池表现为开放系统,营养盐的利用率与它的供应成反比,与海洋生产力成反比.  相似文献   

北极东西伯利亚陆架沉积物物源:来自黏土矿物和化学元素的证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李秋玲  乔淑卿  石学法  胡利民  陈禹飞  白亚之  朱爱美  崔菁菁 《海洋学报》2021,43(3):76-89

本文对北极东西伯利亚陆架表层沉积物进行了粒度、黏土矿物以及常微量元素测定,阐述了粒度、黏土矿物和常微量元素的分布特征。利用因子分析与聚类分析划分了不同的沉积区,并探讨了各区沉积物的主要来源。结果表明,研究区可以划分为4个沉积区:(1)东西伯利亚海近岸河口区(Ⅰ区),沉积物以粉砂和砂质粉砂为主,TiO₂、Zr、SiO₂含量较高,其他元素在该区都处于低值,La/Th与Zr/Hf比值在4个沉积区中为最大值,黏土矿物中伊利石含量占绝对优势,约为70%,该区受到河流与海岸侵蚀物质输入的强烈影响;(2)东西伯利亚海中部(Ⅱ区),沉积物以粉砂和泥为主,MnO、Ba与Ni等元素在该区含量较高,黏土矿物组合与Ⅰ区类似,La/Th和Zr/Hf比值比Ⅰ区略低,该区沉积物以河流输入的细粒沉积物为主,受海冰等过程的影响发生了混合,随着离岸距离的增加,海洋自生组分开始增多;(3)东西伯利亚海北部深水区(Ⅲ区),沉积物以泥为主,Al₂O₃、K₂O、V、Li等在该区达到最大值,La/Th和Rb/Th比值与Ⅱ区极其类似,伊利石含量在该区为最低值,蒙皂石与高岭石含量在该区达到最大值(>10%),该区细粒沉积物很可能受大西洋水体以及波弗特环流的影响;(4)楚科奇海(Ⅳ区),该区沉积物主要由粉砂和砂质粉砂组成,CaO、P₂O₅等在该区含量较高,Rb/Th、La/Th与Zr/Hf均为4个沉积区的最小值,绿泥石在该区最为富集,该区沉积物受太平洋入流水的影响强烈。  相似文献   

楚科奇海盆M04柱晚更新世以来沉积古环境记录   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

章伟艳  于晓果  刘焱光  金路  叶黎明  许冬  边叶萍  张德玉  姚旭莹  张富元 《海洋学报》2015,37(7):85-96

对"中国第五次北极科考"采自楚科奇海盆的M04柱进行粒度、冰筏碎屑、黏土矿物、岩心XRF扫描、沉积物颜色分析,初步建立了楚科奇海盆晚更新世MIS4期以来的沉积地层框架。MIS4期以来,楚科奇海盆M04柱沉积物粒度和黏土矿物组成具有明显的冰期/间冰期变化特征,冰期沉积物粒度分布以双峰态为主,由洋流搬运和海冰搬运沉积组分组成,伊利石含量高、高岭石含量低;间冰期沉积物具有三峰态粒度分布特征,由海冰搬运、洋流搬运和冰山搬运沉积组分组成,伊利石含量低、高岭石含量高。通过M04柱黏土矿物组合类型与北冰洋边缘海盆的表层沉积物黏土矿物组合类型对比表明,晚更新世以来楚科奇海盆沉积环境发生显著变化:温暖的间冰期受波弗特涡流驱动,波弗特海为研究区的物源输入提供了主要贡献;寒冷的冰期表层环流呈反向输运,细颗粒物源碎屑以东西伯利亚海的输入为主。  相似文献   

北冰洋西部表层沉积物粘土矿物分布及环境指示意义   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

陈志华  石学法  韩贻兵  辛春英  杨作升 《海洋科学进展》2004,22(4):446-454

楚科奇海及邻近的北冰洋深水区表层沉积物中粘土矿物的分布受源区母岩和海区环流结构所制约。来自加拿大马更些河的物质富含高岭石和伊利石,对研究区东北部和北部沉积物的影响较大;来自阿拉斯加西北部的河流和海岸带物质富含绿泥石,高岭石含量变化较大,对阿拉斯加西北部近海沉积物的影响明显;来自西伯利亚的物质富含绿泥石,对研究区西部沉积物的影响较为明显。自白令海峡进入的太平洋水携带富含蒙皂石的育空河物质横穿楚科奇海陆架向北扩散,导致楚科奇海中部沉积物中的蒙皂石含量高;同时,粘土矿物自身的粒度分异在某种程度上也促使蒙脱石在离岸距离较远的中部海区富集。  相似文献   

西北冰洋表层沉积物中的底栖有孔虫组合及其古环境意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

司贺园  王汝建  丁旋  陈建芳  汪卫国  陈荣华  程振波  陈志华  高爱国  黄元辉  李洪亮 《海洋学报》2013,35(6):96-112

通过对中国第1~4次北极考察在西北冰洋采集的表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫丰度及其优势种分布特征与环境因素关系的综合研究发现,楚科奇海区低的底栖有孔虫丰度主要受较高的陆源物质输入的稀释作用影响;楚科奇海台和阿尔法脊较高的底栖有孔虫丰度主要受到暖而咸的大西洋中层水的影响;受碳酸钙溶解作用影响的门捷列夫深海平原和加拿大海盆底栖有孔虫丰度较低,并且水深3 597 m的站位出现了似瓷质壳的Pyrgo williamsoni和Quinqueloculina orientalis,说明该区的CCD深度大于3 600 m。根据底栖有孔虫7个优势属种的百分含量分布特征可以划分出5个区域组合:南楚科奇海陆架-白令海峡组合以优势种Elphidium excavatum和Buccella frigida为特征,可能反映受白令海陆架水影响的浅水环境;阿拉斯加沿岸-波弗特海组合以优势种Florilus scaphus和Elphidium albiumbilicatum为特征,可能反映受季节性海冰融化,低盐的阿拉斯加沿岸流以及河流淡水输入的低盐环境;大西洋中层水组合以优势种Cassidulina laevigata为特征,可能反映高温高盐的大西洋中层水影响的环境;北极深层水组合以优势种Cibicides wuellerstorfi为特征,可能反映水深大于1 500 m低温高盐的北极深层水环境;门捷列夫深海平原组合以优势种Oridorsalis umbonatus为特征,可能反映低营养的底层水环境。  相似文献   

东海沉积物中铁(Ⅲ)氧化物还原活性的动力学表征   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

朱茂旭  范长清  杨桂朋  李铁 《海洋学报》2012,34(4):67-76

运用还原性溶解动力学实验和活性连续体(reactive continuum)模型表征了东海表层和柱状沉积物中铁(Ⅲ)氧化物的还原活性及反应进程中的动力学行为,通过动力学数据拟合得到了活性铁氧化物理论含量m₀、表观速率常数k'和活性非均匀度γ。结果表明,表层沉积物中铁氧化物的m₀在26.14~60.51 μmol/g之间,变化较小;表征高活性铁氧化物还原动力学行为的标准化初始还原速率(J/m₀=k')变化也较小,最大相差仅7.25倍;但不同站位沉积物中铁氧化物活性的非均匀度变化较大,当铁氧化物溶解达到90%时,其速率与初始速率相差2~4个数量级。表层沉积物中铁氧化物的m₀,k'和γ 3个动力学参数之间不存在相关性;柱状沉积物中m₀,k'和γ 3个动力学参数都随深度的增加呈总体减小的趋势,且三者之间存在良好的线性关系,这是沉积物早期成岩作用中铁成岩循环的结果。与传统的化学提取相比,活性连续体模型得到3个动力学参数(m₀,k'和γ)能从多个角度表征铁氧化物还原活性和动力学行为的细微差别。  相似文献   

南极半岛东北部海域表层沉积物稀土元素特征及物源指示意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈志华  黄元辉  唐正  王豪壮  葛淑兰  方习生  韩喜彬  王爱军  武力  朱志敏 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2015,(3):145-155

通过对南极半岛东北部海域36个表层沉积物样品的稀土元素分析发现:(1)研究区表层沉积物中稀土元素总量(REE)的分布范围为(45.47~183.60)×10-6,平均值为91.36×10-6;稀土元素含量的高低与铝硅酸盐黏土成正比,与生物硅含量成反比;(2)大致以象岛至南极半岛北部的茹安维尔岛为界,研究区西部的布兰斯菲尔德海峡及南设得兰群岛北部岛架-岛坡沉积物稀土含量较低,稀土元素页岩标准化模式与长城站周边土壤/湖泊沉积物、火山岩相一致,表现为重稀土相对富集,铕正异常明显,Sm/Nd分子比值大,推断该区沉积物主要来源于南设德兰群岛中-新生代火山岩分布区与现代火山活动区;(3)研究区东部鲍威尔海盆、南奥克尼群岛岛架和南斯科舍海脊区沉积物稀土元素的页岩标准化配分模式表现为平坦型,轻稀土明显抬升,铕正异常不显著,Sm/Nd分子比值小,稀土元素含量受沉积物中黏土组分含量、硅质生物组分等制约,推断沉积物陆源碎屑主要来源于威德尔海西部和南部,局部受南奥尼克群岛、南斯科舍海脊和南设德兰群岛物质的影响,沉积物的搬运主要受冰筏和海流制约。  相似文献   

楚科奇海-加拿大海盆表层沉积物中的粘土矿物   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张德玉  高爱国  张道建 《海洋科学进展》2008,26(2):171-183

楚科奇海-加拿大海盆表层沉积物中主要存在3种粘土矿物组合:1)伊利石-高岭石-绿泥石-蒙皂石,仅见于加拿大海盆北部;2)伊利石-绿泥石-蒙皂石-高岭石,主要见于楚科奇海中部;3)伊利石-绿泥石-高岭石-蒙皂石,普遍见于研究区内除上述两海区以外的广大区域.就各粘土矿物的区域变化而言,总体上由楚科奇海向加拿大海盆,伊利石和高岭石呈含量增加趋势,绿泥石和蒙皂石含量呈减少趋势.根据粘土矿物的质量分数和粘土矿物间比值的区域变化,可大体以(74°30′N,175°W)和(71°30′N,150°W)两点连线为界,将研究区分为南、北两个明显不同的粘土矿物分区:南区以绿泥石和蒙皂石含量较高为主要特征,其中S/I和S/K普遍较高、而K/I和K/CH则普遍较低;北区则以伊利石和高岭石含量较高为主要特征,其中S/I和S/K普遍较低,而K/I和K/CH则普遍较高.粘土矿物的这种分布格局和区域变化表明,在北冰洋的楚科奇海-加拿大海盆海域,不论是粘土矿物的来源还是其分布变化的控制因素,都存在着明显的南、北之别:在该海域的南部,粘土矿物主要来源于阿拉斯加的岩石风化产物、育空河的入海物质以及东西伯利亚海沿岸主要河流的入海物质,其分布主要受来自太平洋的水流结构和西伯利亚沿岸流所控制;而在该海域的北部,粘土矿物则主要来源于加拿大马更些河的入海物质和由北冰洋欧亚海盆扩散而来的细粒物质,其分布主要受北冰洋的跨极漂流、来自大西洋的水流结构以及波弗特涡流等所控制.  相似文献   

西北冰洋楚科奇海台P31孔晚第四纪的陆源沉积物记录及其古海洋与古气候意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

梅静  王汝建  陈建芳  程振波  陈志华  孙烨忱 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2012,(3):77-86

通过对北冰洋西部楚科奇海台P31孔沉积物进行岩性特征和颜色旋回分析、XRF元素扫描、AMS14 C测年、有孔虫丰度统计、筏冰碎屑(IRD)(250和154μm)含量分析以及粒度组成的综合研究,建立了该孔的地层年代框架,其沉积物被划分为MIS 3-MIS 1的沉积序列。自MIS 3以来,楚科奇海台P31孔可以识别出5个IRD事件,它们分别出现在晚MIS 1、MIS 2和早中MIS 3期。这些IRD主要被来自加拿大北极群岛的冰山或者大块冰所携带,随波弗特环流搬运至楚科奇海台并卸载到海底,这不仅反映了晚第四纪冰期-间冰期旋回中北美冰盖的崩塌事件,还反映了波弗特环流的变化历史。粒度组分变化表明,细砂级组分主要来自于冰山或大冰块的搬运,因为其高值对应于IRD的高值,粉砂级组分可能主要来自于海冰的搬运,而黏土级组分主要由波弗特环流和雾状层所搬运。两个敏感组分(5～13和110～176μm)含量的变化呈现明显对称性分布,后者的变化对应于IRD的变化,前者可能指示了物源和沉积作用后期的影响。该孔MIS3-MIS1的沉积速率分别为2.2、0.16和1.6cm/ka,平均沉积速率约为1.2cm/ka。与北冰洋其他海区沉积速率资料对比显示,海冰边缘地区沉积速率较高,而永久性海冰覆盖区沉积速率低较。水深越浅,越靠近陆架物源区,沉积速率越高,纬度越高的门捷列夫-阿尔法脊和加拿大海盆区,沉积速率越低。  相似文献   

北冰洋西部表层沉积物中生源组分及其古海洋学意义   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王汝建  肖文申  向霏  陈建芳  高爱国  陈荣华  程振波  李秀珠  韩贻兵  李亮 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2007,27(6):61-69

通过对中国首次和第二次北极科学考察在北冰洋西部所采取的66个表层沉积物中生源组分的分析,探讨了该海区表层生产力变化与水团的相互关系。楚科奇海西南部呈现出高的有机碳和生源蛋白石含量,而中部和东部哈罗德浅滩至阿拉斯加沿岸,以及楚科奇海台、北风脊和加拿大海盆表现出低的有机碳和生源蛋白石含量。楚科奇海陆架区表层沉积物以底栖有孔虫为主,丰度低;而楚科奇海台、北风脊和加拿大海盆则以浮游有孔虫占绝对优势,丰度较高。生源组分的分布特征显然与通过白令海峡进入楚科奇海的三股太平洋水和大西洋次表层水相关。楚科奇海西侧沿富营养的阿纳德尔流方向的区域呈现出高的表层生产力。而东侧受寡营养的阿拉斯加沿岸流及阿拉斯加西北沿岸陆源物质输入的影响,呈现出低的表层生产力。北纬75°以北及加拿大海盆受海冰覆盖影响,也表现出最低的表层生产力。而受北大西洋次表层水的影响,楚科奇海陆架外侧高纬海域表现出较高的钙质生物生产力。表层沉积物中Corg/N比值及其分布反映楚科奇海表层沉积物中的有机碳以海洋自身来源为主,且主要受生物泵过程控制。有机碳和生源蛋白石含量呈现高的正相关关系,说明硅藻等浮游植物的初级生产力可能控制着生物泵对碳的吸收和释放。  相似文献   

Paleoceanographic records in the Chukchi Basin, western Arctic Ocean during the late Quaternary   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WANG Rujian  XIAO Wenshen  SHAO Lei  CHEN Jianfang  GAO Aiguo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2012,31(1):83-94

The late Quaternary paleoceanographic changes in the western Arctic Ocean are revealed by quantitative studies of foraminiferal abundance, ice-rafted detritus (IRD) and its mineralogical and petrological compositions, planktonic Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sin.) (Nps)-δ¹⁸O and -δ¹³C, biogenic and non-biogenic components in Core M03 token from the Chukchi Basin during the Second Chinese National Arctic Expedition cruise. Seven IRD events appeared at MIS 7, 5, 3 and 1. These IRD were carried in massive icebergs, which were exported to the Beaufort Sea through the M'Clure Strait Ice Stream, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and then transported into the Chukchi Basin by the Beaufort Gyre. Low IRD deposition occurred during the glacial times when more extended ice cover and weakened Beaufort Gyre, while the open water condition and the intensified Beaufort Gyre during interglacial periods favored the IRD deposition. Therefore, the IRD events not only indicate the provenance of coarser detritus and ice export events, but also reflect the evolutionary histories of the Beaufort Gyre and North American ice sheet. Seven light Nps-δ¹⁸O and -δ¹³C excursions could respond to enhanced rates of sea ice formation resulting in the production and sinking of isotopically light brines, but was irrelevant to the warm Atlantic water and freshwater inputs. Whereas, the heavy Nps-δ¹⁸O and -δ¹³C values separately reflect the lessened Arctic freshwater and Pacific water, and well-ventilated surface water from the continental shelf and halocline water. Variations of CaCO₃ content and planktonic foraminiferal abundance during the interglacial and glacial periods can demonstrate the incremental or diminishing input of the Atlantic water, while the total organic carbon (TOC) and opal contents increased and decreased during the glacial and interglacial periods, respectively, which could be related to the TOC degradation, opal dissolution and redox conditions of interface between the bottom water and sediments.  相似文献   

末次间冰期以来门捷列夫洋脊南部冰盖对细颗粒沉积的控制作用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

叶黎明  于晓果  章伟艳  王嵘 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(9):86-95

门捷列夫洋脊南部的粘土矿物沉积具有明确的物源，为追踪该区沉积环境的演变提供了良好的条件。末次间冰期以来，ARC7-E23孔中的粘土矿物记录表现出了非常显著的变化。结合沉积物粒度的端元组份和冰阀碎屑沉积，粘土矿物的变化模式表明，东西伯利亚冰盖(ESIS)的规模可能是控制细颗粒沉积的主要因素。在氧同位素2期(MIS2)和4期(MIS4)，门捷列夫洋脊南部可能被ESIS所覆盖，几乎阻挡了所有来自加拿大和拉夫贴夫海陆架的沉积物，但允许大量来自东西伯利亚海陆架的细粒沉积物输入。只有当ESIS消融后，波弗特环流和越极流的相对强度以及搬运作用才成为了控制远源沉积物输入的主要因素。MIS3期的气候条件似乎最适合远源沉积物的输入，不仅提高了表层环流的流通性，也提供了足够多的搬运介质。  相似文献   

西北冰洋表层沉积物中生源和陆源粗组分及其沉积环境   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

孙烨忱  王汝建  肖文申  陈建芳  程振波  陈志华  高爱国  李洪亮 《海洋学报》2011,33(2):103-114

通过中国第1至第3次北极科学考察在北冰洋西部所采集的99个表层沉积物中生源与陆源粗组分的分析,研究了该海域表层生产力的变化,有机质来源以及陆源粗颗粒物质的输入方式和影响因素.研究区域生源组分所反映的表层生产力变化与通过白令海峡进入楚科奇海的3股太平洋洋流密切相关.楚科奇海西侧高盐高营养盐的阿纳德尔流流经区域,表层生产力...  相似文献   

Sediment transport by sea ice in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas: Increasing importance due to changing ice conditions?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H. Eicken  R. Gradinger  A. Gaylord  A. Mahoney  I. Rigor  H. Melling   《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2005,52(24-26):3281

Sediment-laden sea ice is widespread over the shallow, wide Siberian Arctic shelves, with off-shelf export from the Laptev and East Siberian Seas contributing substantially to the Arctic Ocean's sediment budget. By contrast, the North American shelves, owing to their narrow width and greater water depths, have not been deemed as important for basin-wide sediment transport by sea ice. Observations over the Chukchi and Beaufort shelves in 2001/02 revealed the widespread occurrence of sediment-laden ice over an area of more than 100,000 km² between 68 and 74°N and 155 and 170°W. Ice stratigraphic studies indicate that sediment inclusions were associated with entrainment of frazil ice into deformed, multiple layers of rafted nilas, indicative of a flaw-lead environment adjacent to the landfast ice of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. This is corroborated by buoy trajectories and satellite imagery indicating entrainment in a coastal polynya in the eastern Chukchi Sea in February of 2002 as well as formation of sediment-laden ice along the Beaufort Sea coast as far eastward as the Mackenzie shelf. Moored upward-looking sonar on the Mackenzie shelf provides further insight into the ice growth and deformation regime governing sediment entrainment. Analysis of Radarsat Synthetic Aperture (SAR) imagery in conjunction with bathymetric data help constrain the water depth of sediment resuspension and subsequent ice entrainment (>20 m for the Chukchi Sea). Sediment loads averaged at 128 t km^–2, with sediment occurring in layers of roughly 0.5 m thickness, mostly in the lower ice layers. The total amount of sediment transported by sea ice (mostly out of the narrow zone between the landfast ice edge and waters too deep for resuspension and entrainment) is at minimum 4×10⁶ t in the sampling area and is estimated at 5–8×10⁶ t over the entire Chukchi and Beaufort shelves in 2001/02, representing a significant term in the sediment budget of the western Arctic Ocean. Recent changes in the Chukchi and Beaufort Sea ice regimes (reduced summer minimum ice extent, ice thinning, reduction in multi-year ice extent, altered drift paths and mid-winter landfast ice break-out events) have likely resulted in an increase of sediment-laden ice in the area. Apart from contributing substantially to along- and across-shelf particulate flow, an increase in the amount of dirty ice significantly impacts (sub-)ice algal production and may enhance the dispersal of pollutants.  相似文献   

Organic carbon and nitrogen isotopes in surface sediments from the western Arctic Ocean and their implications for sedimentary environments   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

CHEN Zhihu  SHI Xuef  CAI Deling  HAN Yibing  YANG Zuosheng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(5):39-54

1 IntroductionFor several reasons, the Arctic Ocean and itsmarginal seas are key areas for understanding ocean-ic circulation and global climate system ( Clark,1982; Hansen et al., 1983; Walsh et al., 1996;Overpeck et al., 1997). First, the Arctic Ocean i…  相似文献   

Depth distribution of radiolarians from the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, western Arctic     

Takuya Itaki  Masashi Ito  Hisashi Narita  Naokazu Ahagon  Hideo Sakai 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2003,50(12):1507

The depth distributions of the radiolarian fauna in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, marginal seas of the western Arctic Ocean, were examined quantitatively in depth-stratified plankton tows from 4 or 5 intervals above 500 m and in surface sediments from various depths between 163 and 2907 m. The radiolarian assemblage from the water column in September 2000 was dominated by Amphimelissa setosa and followed by the Actinomma boreale/leptoderma group, Pseudodictyophimus gracilipes and Spongotrochus glacialis. These species are related to the Arctic Surface Water shallower than 150 m. This assemblage is similar to that in the Greenland Sea relating to the ice edge, but did not contain typical Pacific radiolarians in spite of the flow of water of Pacific origin in this region. The living depth of Ceratocyrtis historicosa was restricted to the relatively warm water between 300 and 500 m corresponding to the upper Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW) originating from the Atlantic Ocean. Radiolarian assemblages in the surface sediments are similar to those in the plankton tows, except for common Cycladophora davisiana in sediment samples below 500 m. C. davisiana is probably a deep-water species adapted to the lower AIW or the Canadian Basin Deep Water ventilated from the shelves.  相似文献   

Evaluation of shelf–basin interaction in the western Arctic by use of short-lived radium isotopes: The importance of mesoscale processes     

David Kadko  Robin Muench   《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2005,52(24-26):3227

Shelf–basin exchange in the western Arctic was evaluated by use of water-column analyses of ²²⁸Ra/²²⁶Ra ratios and the first measurements of the short-lived ²²⁴Ra (T_1/2=3.64 d) in the Arctic. During the 2002 shelf–basin interaction (SBI) program, excess ²²⁴Ra was detected over the shelf but was not found seaward of the shelf-break. Similarly, the ²²⁸Ra/²²⁶Ra ratio dropped rapidly from the shelf across the shelf-break. Consequently, the model age gradient (elapsed time since shelf residence) northward across the Chukchi Shelf increased from 1–5 years nearshore to approximately 14 years in surface waters sampled off shelf at the southern margin of the Beaufort Gyre. This steep gradient is consistent with very slow exchange between the Chukchi Shelf and the Beaufort Gyre, whereby Bering Strait inflow is constrained by the Earth's rotation to follow local isobaths and does not easily move into deeper water. The strong dynamic control inhibiting water that enters the system through Bering Strait from flowing north across isobaths also would lead to a long recirculation time of river water emptied into the Beaufort Gyre. Possible mechanisms that can generate cross-shelf currents that break the topographic constraint to follow isobaths, and thereby transport water (and associated properties) off the shelves include wind-induced upwelling/downwelling, meandering jets, and eddies. Evidence of such a process was found during the ICEX project in the Beaufort Sea in April 2003 when excess ²²⁴Ra was measured over 200 km from any shelf source. This required an NE offshore flow of 40 cm s⁻¹ assuming that the source water derives from the mouth of Barrow Canyon. A weak northeastward flow was measured using an LADCP within the upper 300 m of the ocean, but was of lower speed than required by the ²²⁴Ra_xs at the time of the ICEX occupation.  相似文献