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基于WRF模式的预报产品,利用MOS方法预报宁德沿海24个站点的风向、风速,并给出2014年1—12月的预报评估结果。结果表明:MOS对宁德海区风向风速的预报效果优于WRF,其对夏季风速和冬季风向的预报效果最好,预报误差随预报时效的延长而不断增大,白天的预报误差比夜间的大。MOS预报的风速平均绝对误差由海上向内陆逐渐减小,由北而南逐渐增大;而对于风向的平均绝对误差则是由海上向内陆逐渐增大。除了1级以下风,风力越小,MOS预报的风速准确率越高。MOS对东北风的预报准确率最高,北风和西北风次之,对西南风也有30%以上的预报准确率,而对东南风的预报效果最差。 相似文献
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利用山东沿海12个精细化预报海区2010—2012年的实况代表站逐时大风资料,统计分析了山东沿海的大风日数、风速分布、大风持续时间及大风风向等特征。结果表明,山东沿海风速分布特征表现为:东部海区平均风速最大,在7 m/s左右,西部海区次之,在5 m/s左右,南部海区最小,在4 m/s左右,其中烟台南部沿海甚至在3 m/s以下。当出现大风过程时,各海区的风速相差更大。山东沿海的大风日数、大风持续时间都与平均风速表现为相同的分布特征。山东沿海的大风过程主要为偏北大风,并且量级主要分布在6—7级。由于山东沿海风的局地特征明显,因此在一次大风过程的预报中,各海区预报同一量级是不合适的,需要对预报量级和大风影响时间更加精细的把握。 相似文献
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利用2014—2015年渤海埕北A平台逐小时风场特征对7级以上且持续6 h以上的大风个例进行统计,共出现36次大风过程。利用欧洲中心集合预报51个预报成员分别比较最优成员和最优百分位预报产品在预报海上大风风速预报的效果,结果表明:EC集合预报对于7级以上大风有低估的效果,从优选成员来看,集合预报最优成员并不唯一确定;6种(最大值、95、90、85、80、75百分位)集合预报百分位预报的10 m风速,多数预报与实况相比是偏小的,利用历史偏差对EC集合预报的误差进行校准,反算校准后误差缩小。总之,集合灾害性大风风速的预报有低估的效果,反算后预报水平有明显提高,可利用EC集合预报最优百分位订正后的10 m风场产品应用于渤海灾害性大风的预报。 相似文献
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《海洋气象学报》2017,(2)
利用2013年1月—2014年12月山东近海的8个浮标站、海岛站和自动站资料与ASCAT近岸风速和风向进行对比,以分析ASCAT反演风场在山东沿海的适用性。研究发现:总体上看,ASCAT近岸风速与代表站实况风速正相关,ASCAT近岸风速在山东沿海误差较小,风向有明显的偏离。ASCAT近岸风在渤海、渤海海峡和黄海北部的适用性优于黄海中部。风力不同时,ASCAT近岸风速与实况偏差有明显差别,表现为当实况出现6级及以上的大风,ASCAT近岸风速小于实况;当实况出现6级以下的风,ASCAT近岸风速大于实况。就ASCAT风速偏差而言,6级以下的风速偏差小于6级及以上风。ASCAT近岸风向与实况偏差也有明显差别,当实况出现6级及以上的大风,ASCAT近岸风向与实况的偏离变小;当实况出现6级以下的风,ASCAT近岸风向与实况的偏离变大。因此,ASCAT近岸风速在山东沿海有较好的适用性,6级以下风更优;ASCAT近岸风向也有一定的适用性,6级及以上风向可用性比6级以下强。 相似文献
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浙江省沿海海面日极大风预报 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用浙江海岛站1天4次的平均风速作为人工神经网络的输入层,相对应的日极大风为输出层,建立日极大风速人工神经网络预报模型,试报表明夏季大风天气系统和秋冬季大风天气系统的预报拟合率为89%~90%,春季大风天气系统的预报拟合率为87%~88%,夏季大风天气系统和秋冬季系统6~9级极大风预报准确率较高,基本在70%左右,对预报员有较好的参考价值。与以前大风预报方法相比,它具有简单、有效的优点,可以不受地域限制在各地推广使用。 相似文献
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基于福建省冬半年沿海和港湾岛屿自动站的逐时极大风观测资料和WRF(Weather Research and Forecast)、EC(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)细网格以及T639(TL639L60)三种模式预报的10 m 风场资料, 将模式预报的风向风速与观测资料进行对比检验, 结果表明: 福建省沿海冬半年大风的盛行风向以东北风为主, 大风的时空分布极为不均, 沿海风力的脉动性、跳跃性、局地性突出。从三种模式对风速风向的模拟效果来看, WRF 和EC 细网格的预报效果较好, 有可参考性, T639可参考性不高。对于风速, 模式预报结果相比实况极大风速偏小, 港湾岛屿代表站风速的平均绝对误差均小于沿海代表站, 预报平均误差由沿海向内陆逐渐减小, 由中部向南北逐渐减小。风向相比风速的预报效果要差, WRF 和EC 细网格的风向预报误差在45°～50°, 有一定的参考意义; 港湾岛屿代表站风向的平均绝对误差大于沿海代表站, 以浮标站的误差最大。当观测风速出现7 级及以上风速时, 若对大风进行分级检验, 则较低风速的预报平均绝对误差小于较高风速; 风向预报的平均绝对误差也大大降低, 且误差都在45°以内, 具有良好的参考性。 相似文献
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T639数值预报产品对黄渤海沿海大风预报效果检验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据影响系统对2008—2011年黄渤海沿海的大风分了四个天气类型:气旋、低槽冷锋、台风和综合类。对不同类型的大风天气,就T639数值预报产品天气系统的影响时间、强度和中心位置以及大风出现的开始时间、结束时间、大风落区、最大风速值和最大风速值的开始时间、结束时间和落区的预报准确率进行了统计。结果表明,T639数值预报对黄渤海沿海大风具有较好的预报准确率,漏报率较低;对于台风类的预报能力偏差;预报数值比实况偏小,当预报有气旋、或预报大风时间长范围大时,实况风将增大1—2个量级;对于大风的开始时间预报略偏早,而对于大风的结束时间和最大风速的开始和结束时间预报均略偏晚。 相似文献
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福建省沿海冬半年东北大风的数值预报释用方法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《海洋预报》2015,(5)
基于福建省冬半年沿海32个自动站的极大风观测资料和WRF、EC细网格以及T639 3种模式预报的10 m风场资料,将模式预报的风速与观测资料进行对比分析,结果表明:WRF和EC细网格的预报效果较好,有可参考性,T639可参考性不高。模式预报结果相比实况极大风速偏小,预报平均绝对误差由沿海向内陆逐渐减小,由中部向南北逐渐减小。择取预报效果较好的WRF和EC细网格模式,对沿海代表站点进行风速集成,建立集成预报方程,并进行集成订正。误差订正后,与误差较小的WRF模式相比,预报准确率提高了10%左右,改善效果显著,为提高福建省沿海冬半年东北大风的预报准确率提供定量的预报方法。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献