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1.
Joanna Burger 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,16(2):191-216
The distribution and abundance of gulls were examined at Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge (New York) from 31 May 1978 to 31 May 1979. Gulls were found to be affected by tidal, temporal and weather-related factors. The distribution of gulls was affected primarily by tidal factors on the bay, and by temporal (seasonal, circadian) and weather-related factors on the freshwater ponds. The most important weather-related factors were temperature, wind velocity and wind direction. Herring (L. argentatus), great black-backed (L. fuscus) and ring-billed gulls (L. delawarensis) fed on the bay at low tides, and used the ponds at high tide. Laughing gulls (L. atricilla) fed on the bay at low tide and on rising tides. Herring and great black-backed gulls were present all year, but were most abundant in the winter, ring-billed gulls were abundant in spring and early fall, and laughing gulls were present in the summer following the breeding season but were absent in winter. Gulls used the ponds during high velocity, north winds, when they usually rested or preened. Multiple regression models were used to determine the factors explaining the variability in the numbers of gulls. Temporal variables were important contributors to accounting for the variability in the numbers of great black-backed and herring gulls only; tidal variables were significant for great black-backed and herring gulls on the bay, and for ring-billed and laughing gulls on all areas; and weather variables were significant for all species. 相似文献
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根据2008年4-12月对上海市崇明岛东滩潮沟进行4个季节的浮游动物调查资料,研究了崇明东滩潮沟浮游动物的数量分布及变动。结果表明,调查区浮游动物总丰度较高,四季变化明显。受潮汐作用的影响,夏、秋、冬三季落潮时丰度大于涨潮时,春季涨潮时丰度则大于落潮时。浮游动物在6条潮沟的平面分布不均匀,春季东旺沙边滩区和北八边滩区的数量明显多于近团结沙边滩区,夏、秋季分别以东旺沙边滩区和北八滧边滩区的数量最多,冬季则以近团结沙边滩区的数量最多。主要优势种细巧华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus tenellus)、中华华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus sinensis)、火腿许水蚤(Schmackeria poplesia)、四刺窄腹剑水蚤(Limnoithona etraspina)和四刺破足猛水蚤(Mesochra quadrispinosa)等数量的季节、潮汐变化及各时期的空间分布格局差异明显,其数量分布情况决定了浮游动物总数量的分布。盐度是影响冬、春季涨潮时浮游动物总丰度分布的主要因子,水温则是影响夏、秋季涨潮时总丰度分布的主要因子。此外,径流及潮流等动力因素对潮沟浮游动物数量的时空分布也产生重要影响。 相似文献
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依据锦州湾12个站点现场实测海流资料（1991年6月和8月二个航次）和潮流场数值模拟结果,获得了该湾潮流和余流的分布规律。并基于41个站点重矿物鉴定资料,给出了重矿物分布规律和矿物类型分区。结果表明,该湾潮流具有潮驻波特征。总的流动趋势为涨潮时从湾口南岸朝西北方向流入湾内,落潮时朝东南向流出湾外,葫芦岛—大酒篓北侧是锦州湾潮流主要通道和强流区,最大涨、落潮流流速在1kn以上。湾内余流随湾形按逆时针方向流动,湾口北部最强余流可达16cm／s。流场的强弱分布与重矿物的类型分区密切相关,经分析研究得出了重矿物与流场之间的定量分配关系。 相似文献
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海湾内外的潮波变形及其不对称性影响海湾内外动力输送和水体交换。利用乐清湾内外共9个测站连续潮位进行调和分析,得到该海湾内外各分潮变化规律,利用潮不对称性偏度计算方法确定湾内外潮汐不对称性时空变化特征,比较了主要分潮组合对潮汐不对称性的贡献度,通过数值研究探讨了湾内偏度比湾外偏度值更小的主要成因,分析了湾内外围垦工程对潮不对称偏度的影响。研究发现:乐清湾内潮汐不对称偏度值为负,表现为落潮占优,同期湾外洞头站偏度值为正,与邻近瓯江、飞云江河口的潮不对称偏度变大、表现涨潮占优的变化规律相反;湾外沿岸各站偏度由东北向西南逐渐增大,由落潮占优向涨潮占优变化;潮汐不对称性偏度呈周期性变化,分析确定M2-M4、M2-S2-MS4分潮组合对潮不对称贡献大,该海域潮汐不对称的强度主要由浅水分潮振幅控制,而相对相位则决定潮汐不对称的方向;数值研究探讨表明,湾内大范围的浅滩地形是其潮汐不对称落潮占优的主要原因,围垦将削弱湾内的落潮占优。 相似文献
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Underwater video reveals decreased activity of rocky intertidal snails during high tides and cooler days 
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下载免费PDF全文 Nearly all of our understanding of rocky inter‐tidal ecology comes from studies conducted at low tide. To study inter‐tidal organisms at high tide, we anchored waterproof digital GoPro® video cameras in wave‐exposed tidepools and recorded the daytime movements of the black turban snail, Tegula funebralis, over the tidal cycle between May and August 2012 near Bodega Bay, California. Overall, snails moved more quickly and presumably foraged more during low tides and on days with warmer air and perhaps water temperatures. This is similar to other ectotherms that exhibit increased metabolic rates, movement and foraging in warmer conditions. Snails also moved less during flood and high tides, may have moved downward in tidepools at flood tides, and showed evidence of reduced activity on days with larger waves. This inactivity and refuge seeking may have been a strategy to avoid dislodgment by waves. Analysis of snail trajectories showed foraging bouts indicated by alternating zig‐zagging and straight movement. There was no effect of temperature, wave height, or tidal phase on distribution of snail turning angles, suggesting that they may have foraged consistently but moved faster during warm conditions and low tides, thereby grazing a larger area. This is one of few direct recordings of inter‐tidal organisms on wave‐exposed rocky shores during high tide. The methods used here are easily transferable to other studies, which are needed to increase our understanding of behaviors that structure rocky shore communities during high tide. 相似文献
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Distribution pattern of zooplankton in the han river estuary with respect to tidal cycle 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The monthly distribution of zooplankton communities in Han River estuary was investigated at two stations from July 1998 to
June 1999. Monthly mean abundance of total zooplankton varied remarkably, with the range from 20 indiv.·m-3 to 19,600 indiv.·m-3. During the study period, dominant species of zooplankton community were dinoflagellateNoctiluca scintillans, copepodsParacalanus indicus, Paracaanus crassirostris, Acartia hongi, Acartia ohtsukai, and meroplanton cirriped larvae. According to tidal states, relative high abundance occurred at high tide without regard
to season. The temporal distribution of abundance implied that the reduced salinity probably limited the zooplankton populations
and the fluctuations of salinity were an important factor in the variation of abundance. However, the results of salinity
tolerance test shows that the variations in salinity do not directly influence the decrease of abundance. This study shows
that the relatively high abundance of zooplankton near high tide seems to be related with the expansion of abundant zooplankton
inhabiting Incheon coastal waters through tidal currents. 相似文献
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强潮海区的潮滩冲淤演变对于潮滩开发利用、海洋环境保护及灾害预防等具有十分重要的意义。本文以福建北部文渡湾海域为研究对象,采用遥感和GIS相结合的方法,对淤泥质潮滩的冲淤演变特征进行研究。研究结果表明:1991年以来文渡湾湾顶潮滩地形呈淤积状态,尤其2005年以后淤积明显;淤积的主要原因可能与围垦造陆使得湾口缩窄,致使湾口流速增大、湾口局部海床冲刷的泥沙向湾顶搬运有关。 相似文献
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A three-dimensional （3-D） finite volume coastal ocean model （FVCOM） was used for the study of water cir culation and seawater exchange in the Benoa Bay, Bali Island. The M2 tidal component was forced in open boundary and discharge from six rivers was included in the numerical calculation. The M2 tidal elevation produced by the FVCOM has a good agreement with the observation data. The M2 tidal current is also suc cessfully calculated under the ebb tide and flood tide conditions. The non-linear M2 tidal residual current was produced by the coastline geometry, especially surrounding the narrow strait between the Serangan Is- land and the Benoa Peninsula. The tidal residual current also generated two small eddies within the bay and one small eddy in the bay mouth. The salinity distribution influenced by river discharge could be success- fully calculated, where the numerical calculation and the observation results have a good correlation （r2） of 0.75. Finally in order to examine the seawater exchange in the Benoa Bay, the Lagrangian particle tracking method and calculation of residence time are applied. The mechanism of particle transport to the flushing of seawater is depicted clearly by both methods. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2014
At the north coast of Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazilian coast, the Wildlife Refuge of Ilha dos Lobos (29°20′S; 49°43′W), is a full protection area and a seasonal resting refuge for South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens). The regular presence of sea lions on the island is not only a touristic attraction in the region, but also a problem to the fishery community. This community faces economic impacts in its activities due to fish depredation caused by sea lions. Because of this issue, the perceptions and attitudes of different stakeholders from the region are important to be considered by managers, so that a realistic and decentralized action plan can be designed. The goal of this study was to analyze how different local stakeholders perceived the Wildlife Refuge of Ilha dos Lobos. Additionally, how these stakeholders differed from each other in terms of attitudes, knowledge and perceptions. In October 2011, January and March 2012, face-to-face interview surveys were conducted with fishermen and tourists, and drop-off questionnaires surveys with business, and tourism professional and teachers, in a total of 150 questionnaires, 30 for each group. The results indicated existence of differences across the five stakeholder groups. It was also suggested that non-direct stakeholders had a more favorable view of the Wildlife Refuge of Ilha dos Lobos and the sea lion, whereas direct stakeholder (the fishermen) saw it as an obstacle to their fisheries activities. 相似文献
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基于FVCOM的泉州湾海域三维潮汐与潮流数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于FVCOM海洋数值模式,采用非结构的三角形网格和有限体积法,建立了泉州湾海域高分辨率(26 m)的三维潮汐、潮流数值模型。模拟结果同2个验潮站和3个连续测流站的观测资料符合良好,较好地反映了泉州湾内潮汐、潮流运动的变化状况和分布特征,给出了M2、S2、K1、O1 4个主要分潮的同潮图、表层潮流椭圆分布,以及模拟区域内最大可能潮差、表层最大可能潮流流速和潮余流分布。分析表明,4个分潮的最大潮汐振幅和迟角差分别为219 cm和19°,85 cm和25°,26 cm和12°,26 cm和9°;石湖港以东海域的潮波为逆时针旋转的驻波,以西海域为前进波;最大可能潮差由湾口的8.0m向湾内增加至8.8 m。湾内潮流类型为规则半日潮流,落潮最大流速大于涨潮最大流速,北乌礁水道为强流区,表层最大可能潮流流速为2.4 m/s;湾口潮流运动以逆时针方向的旋转流形式为主,湾内的潮流运动以往复流形式为主,长轴走向主要沿着水道方向,与等深线和海岸线平行;四个分潮流表层最大流速分别为1.4 m/s,0.58 m/s,0.12 m/s,0.10 m/s。余流流速大小与潮流强弱有密切的联系,表、中、底层最大余流流速分别为26 cm/s,20 cm/s,16 cm/s,三者在水平方向基本呈北进南出的分布形态。 相似文献
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象山港冬季浮游动物的分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对2002年12月象山港海区的浮游动物种类组成和数量分布特征及其与环境的关系进行了研究。结果表明,象山港海区出现浮游动物44种,可以划分为4个生态类群,其中近岸低盐性类群的种类较多,其优势种有真刺唇角水蚤Labidoceraeuchaeta、驼背隆哲水蚤Acro-calanusgibber、中华哲水蚤Calanussinicus、中华假磷虾Pseudeuphausiasinica和拿卡箭虫Sagittanagae等,半咸水河口类群、暖水性外海类群和广盐暖水性类群的种数均较少。浮游动物生物量的分布趋势与丰度的一致。湾顶部水域浮游动物的生物量和丰度都出现最高值,从湾顶部往湾口方向,浮游动物的生物量和丰度均呈逐渐降低的趋势。象山港海区周日连续站观测的结果显示,夜间半日潮时浮游动物的生物量和丰度均高于白昼半日潮时,低平潮时浮游动物的生物量与丰度均出现了最高值。 相似文献
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大亚湾及其邻近海域冬、夏季各14个临时水位观测点1个月的实测潮位资料显示:各站的水位曲线均呈现明显的"双峰"现象,且湾顶比湾口更为明显。本文采用了调和分析方法,给出M_2、S_2、K_1、O_1四个主要分潮及M_4、M_6、2MS_6三个浅水分潮的振幅和迟角同潮图,分析大亚湾的主要潮汐特征,探讨了浅水分潮对双峰结构的贡献,并采用交叉谱分析对余水位与风的相关性进行了讨论。结果表明:(1)大亚湾海域各主要分潮振幅均由湾口向湾顶递增;高潮发生时间由湾口向湾顶推迟;涨潮历时均大于落潮历时;平均潮差在湾顶达到最大;(2)大亚湾内属于不正规半日潮,而考洲洋及其湾外海域则属于不正规全日潮;(3)大亚湾内浅水效应明显,从湾口至湾顶,六分之一日分潮的振幅呈5—7倍的增长,主导了大亚湾潮波系统的形变;(4)分潮重构结果显示,四分之一日和六分之一日浅水分潮(尤其是2MS_6分潮)的异常增长,是导致大亚湾潮汐双峰现象的主要原因;(5)冬季大亚湾内各点的余水位与风速呈现正相关,相关系数均在0.53以上;(6)周期为0.45—0.53 d的沿岸风对各站余水位的影响最大。 相似文献
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对杭州湾软相潮间带周年调查，共获底栖动物９５种，以甲壳动物（３４种）、鱼类（２８种）、软体动物（２１种）占绝对优势。生态类群以我国沿岸广温广盐性种和半成水特有种为主，生活方式多为活动性和埋栖类型。这与杭州湾水域盐度低且变化幅度大及动力作用强，底质不稳定等因素密切相关。从湾底到湾口，底栖动物种类增多，组成类群逐渐从低盐的河口种向广盐的海洋种演替，表现出明显的湾性分布。种类的垂直分布是中潮区大于低潮区大于高潮区，各类群生物在潮间带呈现随机镶嵌分布，无明显的分带现象。种数的季节分布呈现更、秋两季较多、冬季最少的特点。 相似文献
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Tetsuo Yanagi 《Journal of Oceanography》1976,32(5):199-208
The tidal residual circulation in a bay was experimentally investigated with use of a hydraulic model. The model basin is a square bay of 5 m sides with a one-sided mouth of 1 m wide. The depth of the basin is 0.1 m. The tide of a six-minute period was provided by a tide generator of plunger type through the mouth. Tidal currents in the bay always flow in one direction though its strengths change according to the tidal phase, that is, a strong tidal residual circulation occurs in the bay. A similar flow pattern was observed to occur in a field with a horizontal boundary geometrically similar to the present model. The vorticity transfer from tidal current to residual flow is balanced with the vorticity advection of residual flow and the dissipation due to the viscosity. 相似文献
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湄洲湾是福建省中部沿海的港湾，湾内三面为大陆所环抱，湾口朝向东南进入台湾海峡。该湾呈西北向深入内陆约１８ｎｍｉｌｅ，湾口有湄洲岛作为屏障和标志，使整个湾口分成文甲口门（北口宽约０．６５ｎｍｉｌｅ）和剑屿－鹅尾山口门（南口，宽约５．６１ｎｍｉｌｅ）两个口门，距湾口约５ｎｍｉｌｅ的盘屿、大竹等岛屿及距湾口约１２ｎｍｉｌｅ的屿、横屿等岛屿为湾内两道屏障，再往内为内沃。屿和横屿间水面宽约０．５１ｎｍｉｌｅ，水深约２０ｍ，它和北端肖厝－秀屿及南端峰尾－西亭深槽相连接，是该湾的主航道（图１）。该湾航道宽阔水… 相似文献
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Short-term tidal and diel variations of autumn fish assemblage in a Zostera marina bed were investigated using 3 h interval samplings for 24 h in both spring and neap tide using a small beam trawl. A total of 1 346 fishes belonging to 19 species were collected at spring tide, whereas 1 115 fishes belonging to 17 species were at neap tide. The common fish species were Nuchequula nuchalis, Acanthogobius flavimanus, Takifugu niphobles, Acentrogobius pflaumii, and Pholis nebulosa with the former three species dominating at spring tide, while the latter two species being abundant at neap tide. Diel variation in abundance was significant with higher abundance at night than day, but there were no significant differences between spring and neap tides, and between ebb and flood tides (three-way ANOVAs). Diel variation in the abundance of fishes may be influenced by tidal range and cycle, and day-night differences of food availability and behaviors of fishes indirectly. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) ordination and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) results revealed significant differences in species compositions both between day and night, and between spring and neap tide. Eelgrass beds are highly productive marine ecosystem, and thus, our results will contribute to conservation of seagrass ecosystem in the study area. 相似文献