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1.
藤壶是潮间带生态、幼体发育以及生物防污损研究中重要的模式生物。目前，线粒体基因组学的发展有助于从线粒体基因组水平上更好地理解系统发育关系。本研究获得东方小藤壶Chthamalus challengeri完整线粒体基因组，大小为15358bp的环状分子。与藤壶亚目其它物种相比，东方小藤壶非编码区的长度较长，而基因区的长度则相近。东方小藤壶线粒体基因组A+T含量为70.5%。现有藤壶物种的线粒体基因组中存在起始和终止密码子的变化。同属的东方小藤壶和触肢小藤壶C. antennus具有共同的基因排列。然而，小藤壶科中不同属之间却具有不同的基因排列，包括两个tRNA基因出现易位，一个基因块出现倒置。值得注意的是，与以往藤壶亚目物种不同，小藤壶属两个物种的srRNA和lrRNA基因都在重链上编码。小藤壶科中进化树的拓扑结构与基因排列证据相互支持，系统发育分析表明小藤壶科是单系群，而藤壶科和古藤壶科则是多系群。 相似文献
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藤壶科DNA 分类研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
围胸总目藤壶科的分类系统经历了二亚科系统(小藤壶亚科 Chthamalinae,藤壶亚科 Balaninae)、三亚科系统[藤壶亚科(Balaninae),巨藤壶亚科(Megabalaninae),凹藤壶亚科(Concavinae)],现在采用的是四亚科系统[藤壶亚科(Balaniae)、纹藤壶亚科(Amphibalanus)、巨藤壶亚科(Megabalaninae)和凹藤壶亚科(Concavinae)],但各亚科之间的系统演化关系尚未进行过分子系统学方面的研究.许多藤壶科物种存在趋同进化的趋势,致使传统的形态分类存在困难,不能正确地进行鉴别.本文测定了藤壶科3个亚科里个代表种的线粒体 COI,16S 和12S 基因的部分序列,结合 GenBank 中藤壶科其他物种的12S,28S和18S等基因序列,比较了不同基因片段作为鉴别藤壶科物种的条形码的可行性和有效性,并联合16S和12S序列初步分析了藤壶科各亚科之间的一些亲缘关系.研究结果表明:COI基因的种间和种内遗传距离有明显的间隔区, COI最小种间距离为0.122,远大于最大种内距离0.023,而16S基因的种间与种内距离存在覆盖,最小种间距离为0.018,小于最大种内距离0.023,因此表明,线粒体基因 COI能更准确地鉴定藤壶科种间以及种内关系,并得出阈值为种内差异小于0.023,种间差异大于0.1.ML和BI系统发育分析结果基本一致,支持4亚科的分类系统;巨藤壶亚科形成明显单系群,支持率很高,而两种纹藤壶和管藤壶聚成一支,形成一个单系,本结果支持Newman & Ross的假说,即纹藤壶属和管藤壶属应合并. 相似文献
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小藤壶类除少数种为深海产外，大部栖息于潮间带，附着于岩石、码头、树木、管道、浮标或船底，是沿岸附着生物的主要种类，在潮间带岩岸生物群落中常占一定的优势。种类的准确鉴定对分析潮间带生态和附着生物的生态研究及防除工作都具有一定的意义。
早在1854年，Darwin就在藤壶科Balanidae下建立了小藤壶亚科Chthamalinae. Pilsbry (1916)将其提升为小藤壶科Chthamalidae，与Balanidae并列；1976年Newman& Ross对藤壶亚目Suborder Balanomorpha进行了全面的修订，分为3个总科(Chthamaloidea,Coronuloidea和Balanoide)，他们将小藤壶科中壳壁带轮生副板的4属分出，建立鳞藤壶科Catophragmidae，与Chthamalidae一起置于小藤壶总科Chthamaloidea之下。
关于小藤壶类，国内仅有零星记载，缺少系统研究，特别是一些深水种尚无报道。本文根据中国科学院海洋研究所过去在全国沿海潮间带采集的标本写成，共报告小藤壶科9种，分隶于2亚科4属，其中有1新种，1种为我国首次录。新种的模式标本保存在中国科学院海洋研究所。
本文报告的小藤壶，分布于我国长江口以北海域的只有东方小藤壶Chthamalus challengeri Hoek，它大量出现在高潮带岩石上，对温、湿度变化的适应力很强，能忍受较长时间的周期性干燥和较大的温度变化幅度。其余种类则出现在长江口以南亚热带和热带海区，其中白条地藤壶Euraphia withersi和楯形矮藤壶Chamaesipho scutelliformis分布广，数量大；中国四板小藤壶Tetrachthamalus sinensis Ren在海南岛和北部湾沿岸占优势。 相似文献
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应用分子系统发育学的方法,以蟹类18S rDNA和线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚单位Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因序列片段为分子标记,结合形态学特征对10种蟹类的分类地位进行探讨。实验共获得10 条18S rDNA序列,长度为1780~1787 bp,其中A、T, G,C平均含量分别为23.72%, 24.58%,24.52%和27.17%;通过序列对比,发现18S rDNA序列相对保守,只含有1个从88 bp 到130 bp 约 50 bp的高可变区;物种间碱基距离比较小,从0.001到0.017。18S rDNA系统发育树为方蟹总科、沙蟹总科和梭子蟹总科起源于同-海洋蟹类祖先提供了分于生物q证惦,开上火亚N内尔量分别为26.88%.弓蟹科。获得的5条CO Ⅰ基因序列,长度均为709 bp,A、T,G、C平均含量分别为26.88%,37.62%,17.50%和18.00%;COⅠ基因片段变异性高,物种间碱基距离从0.016到0.138。COⅠ基因系统发育树真实地反映了住属各物种之间的进化关系,和传统分类非常吻合,为形态特征相似的姆类鉴定提供了-种快速准确的方法。 相似文献
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应用分子系统发育学的方法,以蟹类18S rDNA和线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚单位Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因序列片段为分子标记,结合形态学特征对10种蟹类的分类地位进行探讨.实验共获得10条18S rDNA序列,长度为1 780～1 787 bp,其中A、T、G、C平均含量分别为23.72％,24.58％,24.52％和27.17％;通过序列对比,发现18S rDNA序列相对保守,只含有1个从88 bp到130 bp约50 bp的高可变区;物种间碱基距离比较小,从0.001到0.017.18S rDNA系统发育树为方蟹总科、沙蟹总科和梭子蟹总科起源于同一海洋蟹类祖先提供了分子生物学证据,并且支持将厚蟹属从相手蟹科移至弓蟹科.获得的5条CO Ⅰ基因序列,长度均为709 bp,A、T、G、C平均含量分别为26.88％,37.62％,17.50％和18.00％;COⅠ基因片段变异性高,物种间碱基距离从0.016到0.138.CO Ⅰ基因系统发育树真实地反映了归蟳属各物种之间的进化关系,和传统分类非常吻合,为形态特征相似的蟳类鉴定提供了一种快速准确的方法. 相似文献
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贻贝隶属于软体动物门(Mollusca)、双壳纲(Bivalvia)、翼形亚纲(Pteriomorphia)、贻贝目(Mytilida)、贻贝超科(Mytiloidea),大约有400种贻贝分布在世界各地,可适应淡水、潮间带至深海多种生境。本实验以贻贝科6亚科12属28种中国沿海常见贻贝的28SrDNA为目的片段,构建系统发育进化树,运用最大似然法和贝叶斯推演法分析了贻贝科的系统发生,并追踪贻贝科物种系统演化历史。结果显示:贻贝亚科Mytilinae、偏顶蛤亚科Modiolinae、石蛏亚科Lithophaginae均非单系群。在属阶元,深海偏顶蛤属Bathymodiolus、贻贝属Mytilus和股贻贝属Perna为单系群。本研究发现应接受将原隔贻贝属Septifer分为Septifer属和Mytilisepta属的分类提议;应接受将原石蛏属Lithophaga中的膜石蛏亚属Leiosolenus提升至属的地位的分类提议。此外,短齿蛤属Brachidontes的单系性不被支持,刻缘短齿蛤Brachidontessetiger并未与短齿蛤属其他物种在系统发育树上聚拢,亲缘关系较远,为不同属物种,建议恢复刻缘短齿蛤原属名Volsella (Dunker, 1857)。 相似文献
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寄生亚目（Epcaridea）隶属于节肢动物门（Arthropoda）甲壳动物亚门（Crustacea）软甲纲（Malacostraca）等足目（Isopoda）,成体是甲壳类的专性外寄生动物,多附生于十足目的鳃室或腹肢间的腹甲表面。本亚目多为海生种类,极少数为淡水生活。大多数种在找到宿主前,先经历浮游期。据Kensley和Schotte统计寄生亚目有近800种,隶属于2总科11科约304属。关于寄生亚目的分类系统,学者们的争议较大。Bonnier主要根据寄主的不同,将寄生亚目分为2部分Bopyrinae和Cryptoniscinae,前者包含4科,分别为檐虱科Dajidae Giard＆ Bonnier,1887,软虱科Phryxidae Bonnier,1900,鳃虱科Bopyridae Rafinesque,1815,内虱科Entoniscidae Kossmann,1881;后者包含8科,分别为微虱科Microniscidae Bonnier,1900,半虱科Hemioniscidae Bonnier,1900,Cyproniscidae Bonnier,1900,Liriopsidae Bonnier,1900,囊虱科Asconiscidae Bonnier,1900,毛虱科Crinoniscidae Bonnier,1900,足虱科Podasconidae Bonnier,1900,Cabiropsidae Giard＆ Bonnier,1887。 相似文献
9.
基于16S rRNA 部分序列探讨部分鳚亚目鱼类的分子系统进化关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过PCR扩增获得了3科5属6种中国黄渤海海域的鳚亚目(Blennioidei)鱼类的线粒体16S rRNA基因序列片段约669bp碱基,结合来自 GenBank的5种鳚亚目其他科鱼类的相应基因片段,并以眼斑雪冰鱼(Chionodraco rastrospinosus)为外群,生成供系统发育分析的序列矩阵,利用MEGA 4.0软件分析序列的碱基组成、差异百分比、转换/颠换值等,应用最大简约法(MP)和邻接法(NJ)构建系统发育树.结果显示:在鳚亚目鱼类的16S rRNA 片段生成的序列矩阵中发现有碱基的插入缺失现象,共有207 bp变异位点,转换/颠换值为0.8,碱基平均差异为3.36;支持绵鳚(Enchelyopus elongates)归于鳚亚目绵鳚科(Zoarcidae),鳚(Azuma emmnion)归于鳚亚目线鳚科(Stichaeidae);方氏云鳚(Enedrias fangi)和云鳚(Enedrias nebulosus)种间遗传距离只有0.01,亲缘关系最近. 相似文献
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本研究利用1990年、2006年、2010年和2016年11月在南麂列岛、北龙-北麂列岛和洞头列岛的调查结果和历史资料,分析了浙南岛屿岩相潮间带大型底栖动物优势种的时空变化及生态位。结果显示:4次调查数据中主要优势种有15种,前4位优势种分别为日本笠藤壶、条纹隔贻贝、疣荔枝螺和小结节滨螺;30 a来日本笠藤壶有逐渐被条纹隔贻贝取代的趋势。在区域分布上,北龙-北麂列岛和洞头列岛以日本笠藤壶为第一优势种,南麂列岛以条纹隔贻贝为第一优势种。各优势种的生态位宽度值(Bi)范围为0~0.97,Bi大于0.70的有疣荔枝螺、日本花棘石鳖、条纹隔贻贝、小结节滨螺、龟足、日本笠藤壶,表明这些物种在多数环境位点都有出现且对环境适应能力强;Bi小于0.4的物种有毛贻贝、刺巨藤壶、隆起隔贻贝、棘刺牡蛎、厚壳贻贝和东方小藤壶,表明它们只在少数的环境位点出现且对资源利用能力较弱。生态位重叠值(Oik)范围为0~0.96,Bi大于0.7的物种间重叠度较高,Oik值均大于0.53;Bi在0.4~0.7的物种间Oik值为0.34~0.66;而Bi小于0.4的物种间Oik值在0~0.69之间。说明生态位宽度大的物种之间重叠度较高,但生态位宽度小的物种之间重叠度不一定低。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献