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1.
长江口及邻近海域表层海水细菌多样性及群落结构 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从长江口及邻近海域10 个站点采集表层海水, 通过DAPI 染色计数和克隆文库构建的方法, 对细菌的多样性及群落结构进行初步研究。DAPI 染色计数结果显示长江口及邻近海域表层海水中 细菌丰度总体较高, 生物量变化较大, 从1.16×105(A04 站点)到 1.48×106 cells/mL (B03 站点); 总体 趋势从长江口向外海增加。细菌克隆文库的系统发育分析表明: 细菌序列以变形菌门为主(占总文库 的60.61%), 其中α-变形菌纲是绝对优势类群(50.62%); 其次是拟杆菌门(15.18%)、放线菌门(14.79%) 和蓝细菌门(4.61%), 还有少量厚壁菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门、浮霉菌门、纤维杆菌门、疣微菌门 等; 另外柔膜菌门和SAR 类群也有发现。文库多样性分析结果显示长江口及邻近海域部分站点表层 海水中细菌多样性显著, 与研究区海域水产养殖活动有关, 并受到区域洋流和海洋化学环境(如低氧 带)的影响。 相似文献
2.
为研究与生物膜相关的海洋细菌的多样性,在青岛近海海域,选取黏管藻、裙带菜、囊藻和浒苔4种大型海藻,分离其附生海洋细菌。使用2216E、海水R2A、TCBS和海水琼脂4种培养基平板,分离纯化得到99株海洋细菌。16SrD-NA序列分析表明,变形菌门细菌在数量、种类等方面,均占主导地位。这些菌株绝大多数为变形菌门的γ-变形菌纲(94株)和α-变形菌纲(3株),仅有1株为放线菌门,1株为厚壁菌门。其中丰度最高的3个属分别为假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas,22株)、弧菌属(Vibrio,20株)和盐单胞菌属(Halomonas,15株),其次为食烷菌属(Alcanivorax,9株)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter,8株)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas,7株)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas,5株)、交替单胞菌属(Alteromonas,4株),其它9个属丰度较低。本研究为进一步探讨与生物膜相关的海洋细菌的多样性及其应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
3.
海南红树林根系土壤中可培养细菌的多样性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为研究海南红树林根系土壤细菌多样性,充分发掘中国红树林特有微生物资源,作者于2012年12月份从10份采集于海南北港岛红树林根系淤泥样品中分离可培养海洋细菌,并基于16S rRNA基因序列分析的方法对样品中的细菌多样性进行研究。共分离得到122株海洋细菌,经并菌后选取其中的70株代表性菌株测序,结果发现它们分为4个类群:变形菌门(主要为γ-变形菌纲)(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria),分别占66%,19%,11%和4%。共代表30个属47个种,其中有9个潜在新种和2个潜在新属。本研究结果表明,北港岛红树林中存在着丰富的细菌多样性,很多类群可能是红树林特有细菌物种。 相似文献
4.
许多病原菌通过密度感应现象(Quorum sensing,QS)调控毒力因子的产生,因此淬灭密度感应(Quorum quenching,QQ)在不影响病原菌生存条件下能够有效控制病原菌毒力因子的表达,是一种治疗水产养殖业细菌性病害的新策略。QQ是海洋细菌的一个普遍特征,主要通过QS小分子阻抑物(Quorum sensing inhibitors,QSIs)和QQ酶干扰QS过程,QQ酶降解信号分子是最常见的QQ方式。目前在海洋细菌中广泛存在N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯(N-acylhomoserine lactones,AHLs)内酯酶和AHL酰基转移酶两种QQ酶,在放线菌门、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门、浮霉菌门和疣微菌门的海洋细菌中均发现有AHL内酯酶,在α-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲、蓝细菌门、拟杆菌门的海洋细菌具有AHL酰基转移酶。目前已发现多种AHL降解酶可以降低病原菌毒力因子的产生,在水产养殖细菌病害防治方面潜力巨大,并且作为一种新型治疗手段受到广泛关注。 相似文献
5.
为研究海洋附着细菌的群落结构及动态变化,在厦门近岸海区进行挂板实验.将无菌玻璃板浸没于海水中,连续放置14 d.分别于放置1 h和7、14 d后取玻璃板上附着生物样品.用细菌通用引物构建16S rRNA基因克隆文库,每个克隆文库随机挑选约40个克隆子测序,序列同源性分析和系统进化分析结果表明,所有的克隆子可分为六大类群:γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、α-变形菌纲(α-Proteobacteria)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)和真核硅藻类叶绿体,各类群分别占42.0%、4.5%、2.2%、2.2%、1.1%和45.0%.γ-变形菌纲变形斑沙雷氏菌(Serratia proteamaculans)为优势附着细菌,占测序克隆子的31.5%.这类细菌在1 h样品中的比例超过一半,说明变形斑沙雷氏菌在生物膜形成初期发挥着重要作用.随着挂板时间延长,检测到的细菌类群有所增加:附着7 d后检测到拟杆菌门细菌,附着14 d后检测到厚壁菌门细菌.γ-变形菌纲细菌所占比例随挂板时间的延长而逐渐降低,从挂板1 h的81%降至7 d的21%,14 d的18%.另外,在各阶段的附着样品中,都检测到较多的真核克隆子序列,约占16%～64%.本研究为进一步阐明海洋附着细菌的附着动态及其在生物膜形成过程中的作用奠定了基础. 相似文献
6.
椒江口沉积物中细菌多样性初步研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过常规分离纯化、鉴定和构建细菌克隆文库的方法,研究椒江口三个站点沉积物中细菌的多样性,并对其进行系统发育分析。可培养细菌的形态学及API鉴定结果显示杀鲑气单胞菌是优势种,典型细菌16S r DNA分子鉴定结果表明γ-变形菌纲和厚壁菌门为主要类群。未培养细菌克隆文库的序列分析结果表明:细菌主要包括变形菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、芽单胞菌门、硝化螺旋菌门、CFB群、放线菌门、厚壁菌门等8个类群;其中C0站点克隆子主要属于γ-变形菌纲及绿弯菌门;C1站点克隆子以α-变形菌纲及γ-变形菌纲为主;C2站点克隆子主要属于放线菌门及α-变形菌纲。综合可培养及未培养结果,可发现椒江口沉积物中γ-变形菌纲为典型优势类群,且相当数量的克隆子其且相当数量克隆子的相似序列来自重金属或石油烃污染的沉积环境。 相似文献
7.
采用16S rDNA文库结合PCR-RFLP分析的手段,对莱州湾水样及沉积物中的细菌多样性和群落特征进行研究。结果表明,莱州湾沉积物细菌类群主要包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)两大类群。其中,变形菌门包括α、β、γ3个变形菌纲,所占比例分别为38.7%、3.2%、41.9%。水样中细菌类群主要包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria),酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria),疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobial),浮霉菌门(Plancomycene),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),壁厚菌门(Firmicutes),黏胶球形菌门(Lentisphaeria),绿菌门(Chlorobi)和硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospira)九大类群。其中,变形菌门包括α、β、δ3个变形菌纲,所占比例高迭60.3%,占有绝对优势。 相似文献
8.
青岛潮间带沉积物可培养厌氧细菌多样性的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了验证设计的简易厌氧培养方法,作者以青岛潮间带沉积物为研究对象,采用5种培养基,从青岛潮间带沉积物共分离获得138株厌氧细菌。16S r DNA序列分析表明,这些细菌分属3个门15个属32个种,其中γ-变形菌纲64株18个种,在种类上处于优势地位;此外还包括δ-变形菌纲(δ-Proteobacteria)16株2个种,ε-变形菌纲4株1个种,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)29株8个种,梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)25株3个种。在属水平上,弧菌属(Vibrio)、Marinifilum属、泥杆菌属(Ilyobacter)、脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)、希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)在数量上占优势。此外,有26株8种细菌(占总菌株数的18.84%)与已知菌的同源性介于89.38%~94.22%,为潜在的海洋细菌新科或新属,表明此简易厌氧菌培养方法在获得新菌方面具有较大优势。另外,研究结果还表明,不同培养基对特定的类群具有选择性:2216E培养基对γ-变形菌纲分离培养效率较高;SPG培养基在获得新菌方面具有优势(占新菌数62.5%),且这些新菌大多属于拟杆菌门和梭杆菌门,其中SPG-1培养基对于分离硫酸盐还原菌和难培养的ε-变形菌纲细菌具有优势,SPG-4培养基对分离硝酸盐还原菌具有优势。 相似文献
9.
为研究椒江化工园区邻近海域沉积物中细菌结构, 选取四个典型站点, 通过分离纯化、鉴 定和建立克隆文库的方法, 对其进行多样性及系统发育分析。可培养细菌的形态学及API 鉴定结果 显示洋葱假单胞菌及杀鲑气单胞菌杀鲑亚种是优势种, 典型细菌16S rDNA 分子鉴定结果表明厚壁 菌门及γ-变形菌纲为主要类群。非培养细菌克隆文库的序列分析结果表明: 细菌主要包括变形菌门、 酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、芽单胞菌门、硝化螺旋菌门、CFB 群、放线菌门、厚壁菌门、浮霉菌门等9 个类群; 其中C3 站点克隆子主要属于γ-变形菌纲及δ-变形菌纲; C4 站点克隆子以γ-变形菌纲及酸杆 菌门为主; C5 站点克隆子主要属于δ-变形菌纲及γ-变形菌纲; C6 站点克隆子主要属于γ-变形菌纲及 放线菌门。综合可培养及非培养结果, 可发现椒江口化工园区邻近海域沉积物中γ-变形菌纲为典型 优势类群, 除相当数量的克隆子相似序列来自石油烃污染的沉积环境外, 还有大量克隆子相似序列 来自养殖污染环境。 相似文献
10.
本文研究了2008年7月黄海冷水团海域可培养细菌的多样性。AODC和DVC计数总菌数和活菌数分别为(1.3~4.8)×105/mL和(0.6~1.6)×105/mL;2216E平板以菌落计数法可培养细菌浓度为(0.56~2.2)×103cfu/mL。从分离到的475株中选取163株进行16S rDNA扩增,并用HhaⅠ酶进行ARDRA(扩增性rDNA限制酶切片段分析)多态性分析,取114株不同带型测序。结果显示,冷水团细菌归为4个细菌类群:变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Acti-nobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),共24个属,其中包括α-,β-,γ-变形菌纲;非冷水团细菌也归为这4个门类,共15个属,但未分离到β-变形菌纲。γ-变形菌纲在冷水团和非冷水团区域的不同深度都是优势菌群,不同的是冷水团区域α-变形菌纲比例较高(26.8%),而非冷水团区域α-变形菌纲比例相对较低(15.6%)。这表明黄海冷水团和非冷水团区域细菌多样性都很丰富,但其群落组成和优势菌群有所不同。此外,16S rDNA测序结果表明,6株细菌可能为海洋细菌新种。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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18.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献