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黄海海星的研究工作过去进行的很少,截止目前为止仅1948年张凤瀛在青岛棘皮动物志中报告了8种,1954年张凤瀛、吴宝玲在大连棘皮动物一文中记载了6种。尤其是海盘车科Asteriidae迄今尚无系统的、详确的调查研究。罗氏海盘车Asterias rollestoni,变色海盘车A. versicolor,粗钝海盘车A. argonauta和多棘海盘车A. amurensis是近缘种,这些种在形态上非常近似,它们在形态上的变化又很大,因此在种类的鉴定上常存在着十分混乱的现象。为了搞清楚黄海的海盘车科的种类,我们除观察了在黄海采集的大量标本外,并和苏联科学院动物研究所在日本海和日本沿岸采集的标本进行了比较,特别是同嘉科诺夫教授的模式标本做了比较,这对黄海海盘车科种类的鉴定是大有帮助的。
我们研究的标本大部分是1957-1958年中国科学院海洋研究所“金星轮”在渤海湾和黄海北部拖到的和1957年中苏海洋考察队在黄海采集的,其中也还包括海洋研究所历年来在黄海沿岸采集的标本,经过鉴定共计6种,其中有4种：双棘海盘车Aphelasterias japonica,变色海盘车A. versicolor,粗钝海盘车A. argonauta和多棘海盘车A. amurensis在黄海是首次记录,1种是新种——张氏双棘海盘车A. changfengyingi。这个新种我们放在双棘海盘车属Aphelasterias内,虽然我们标本上的棘十分长(长可及6毫米),棘间有膜相连接,此膜绝大部分都很长(长为2-5毫米);此外还具有指形瓣的钳形叉棘,以上两点与Fisher对双棘海盘车属的棘和叉棘的描述不相符合。然而就一般外形,特别是在幼小标本;以及骨板的排列;侧步带棘和上缘棘的数目和排列;小形具窄剪形瓣的钳形叉棘和具有大的钳形叉棘等一系列其他的特征,张氏双棘海盘车与双棘海盘车非常接近。我们认为棘的大小和构造,棘上覆盖物的情况应属于种的特征。因此我们将此新种列入直到目前仅包含一个种的双棘海盘车属内。 相似文献
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《海洋通报(英文版)》2016,(1)
在水温为16~20℃、盐度28.2±2.1、溶解氧为(7.5±0.7)mg/L、pH为8.0±0.3的条件下,研究了3种规格多棘海盘车(Asterias amurensis)对4种规格魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)的摄食量、摄食选择性和摄食昼夜差异。研究表明:多棘海盘车对不同规格魁蚶摄食数量均随魁蚶底播密度的增加而上升;不同规格多棘海盘车对同一规格魁蚶摄食数量无显著差异(p0.05),但对不同规格魁蚶摄食数量存在一定差异,对于最小壳长组的摄食数量最大;多棘海盘车对不同规格魁蚶软体部摄食量与魁蚶规格呈成显著正相关;多棘海盘车对不同规格魁蚶摄食数量均存在一定的昼夜差异且夜间的摄食数量大于昼间,魁蚶规格越大,多棘海盘车对魁蚶最大摄食数量时间出现的越晚。结果表明:魁蚶适宜底播密度在30 ind/m~2左右,底播规格越大越能有效防御敌害。根据多棘海盘车对贝类捕食特点,可采用浅水低值贝类作为诱捕生物对多棘海盘车进行清除。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(12)
在水温16~20℃、盐度28.2±2.1、溶解氧(7.5±0.7)mg/L、pH8.0±0.3的条件下,研究了3种规格多棘海盘车(Asterias amurensis)对4种规格魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)的摄食量、摄食选择性和摄食昼夜差异。研究表明:多棘海盘车对不同规格魁蚶摄食数量均随魁蚶底播密度的增加而上升;不同规格多棘海盘车对同一规格魁蚶摄食数量无显著差异(P0.05),但对不同规格魁蚶摄食数量存在一定差异,对最小壳长组魁蚶的摄食数量最大;多棘海盘车对不同规格魁蚶软体部摄食量与魁蚶规格呈显著正相关;多棘海盘车对不同规格魁蚶摄食数量均存在一定的昼夜差异且夜间的摄食数量大于昼间,魁蚶规格越大,多棘海盘车的最大摄食数量的时间出现越晚。结果表明:魁蚶适宜底播密度在30ind/m2左右,底播规格越大越能有效防御敌害。根据多棘海盘车对贝类捕食特点,可采用浅水低值贝类作为诱捕生物对多棘海盘车进行清除。 相似文献
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多棘海盘车(Asterias amurensis)是海星纲的一个致灾物种,广泛分布于包括我国黄海、渤海海域、韩国、日本和俄罗斯海域在内的北太平洋海域,并作为入侵种分布于澳大利亚的塔斯马尼亚海域。多棘海盘车在多个海域发生过暴发性增殖导致的高密度、大规模聚集,对海洋生态系统和水产养殖造成严重的负面影响。自2006年以来在我国山东青岛海域多次发生大规模多棘海盘车聚集,对贝类养殖造成重大经济损失。日本、俄罗斯、澳大利亚等海域的多棘海盘车遗传多样性研究取得了显著进展,然而,迄今为止鲜有针对我国海域致灾物种多棘海盘车的分子生物学分析,阻碍了我国海域种群与全球种群间遗传进化关系的比较分析。研究重点分析了于2022年7月在胶州湾发生多棘海盘车暴发时采集的12个样本,系统组装了其线粒体基因组、核糖体基因簇以及多种通用分子标记。基于线粒体基因组和核糖体基因簇的系统发育分析表明多棘海盘车具有较高的种内遗传多样性。基于线粒体基因组的蛋白编码基因进行分化时间估算,多棘海盘车的种内遗传分化可能发生在1.7～4.2 Ma,表明多棘海盘车的扩布可能较早发生。与线粒体基因组相比,多棘海盘车核糖体基因簇序列在种内极为保守... 相似文献
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多棘海盘车对太平洋牡蛎、紫贻贝、菲律宾蛤仔摄食选择性的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以多棘海盘车(Asterias amurensis)为试验对象,研究了多棘海盘车对3种双壳贝类的摄食选择性、摄食过程中用于搜寻和处理饵料生物的时间分配以及摄食机制等。试验以选择指数、捕食速率、日平均摄食率对多棘海盘车的摄食行为及搜寻和处理时间比进行了描述和统计。结果表明:各处理组多棘海盘车对菲律宾蛤仔的选择指数均为最高,占3种饵料生物的70%以上,显著高于太平洋牡蛎和紫贻贝(P<0.05),而各处理组对太平洋牡蛎的选择性均最低。多棘海盘车对菲律宾蛤仔的捕食速率和日平均摄食率显著高于太平洋牡蛎和紫贻贝。研究发现,在各处理组中多棘海盘车用于搜寻饵料生物的时间无显著差异,但随饵料密度的增加,用于处理饵料的时间逐渐减少。 相似文献
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通过常规生物学测定、解剖观察和组织切片方法,对2011年6月~2012年5月采自青岛浮山湾海域的多棘海盘车(Asterias amurensis)样本进行繁殖生物学研究。结果表明:青岛近海多棘海盘车的繁殖季节为10月至次年1月;雌雄发育同步,性比为1.05∶1;根据卵巢和精巢的外观特征、组织学结构特点和性成熟系数,可将两者的发育分为Ⅰ~Ⅵ期,每个分期具有不同的性腺结构特点和配子特征;海水温度和日照长短会影响性腺发育,温度降低会刺激个体繁殖;性腺生长由消化腺提供能量,性成熟系数和消化腺指数在一周年内呈负相关关系。 相似文献
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通过硅胶柱层析法分离得到多棘海盘车脑苷脂,并采用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)及电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)分析鉴定其结构。GC-MS分析表明,多棘海盘车脑苷脂AAC-1、AAC-2的糖基组成相同,均为葡萄糖;长链碱主要由d18∶2、d18∶3以及少量的d22∶1组成;两者结构最主要的差别在脂肪酸部分,AAC-1由C2位不含羟基的脂肪酸组成,而AAC-2则由C2位含1个羟基取代的脂肪酸组成。ESI-MS分析结果表明,AAC-1和AAC-2的分子量范围在740～850amu之间。通过GC-MS和ESI-MS结合使用,可快速推测出多棘海盘车脑苷脂基本结构及单体分子组成,对下一步的构效关系研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
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对海盘车腕再生过程的研究，对于早日揭示棘皮动物等后口动物的再生机理具有重要意义。为了查清棘皮动物的再生方式及其机理，文中利用断腕创伤手术、组织化学和细胞化学技术对罗氏海盘车腕的再生过程进行了研究。连续跟踪研究结果表明，创伤8d后，在罗氏海盘车创伤腕的外表皮层和体腔上皮中均出现了干细胞原基样结构(blastema-like structure)。创伤腕的伤口愈合过程是1个多事件同期发生的综合过程，首先是真皮层中脱分化的肌肉样细胞向创伤处迁移和聚集，经再分化和组织重排逐渐形成成熟的真皮层组织，然后是外表皮层和体腔上皮中的脱分化细胞向创伤处迁移分别形成明显加厚的前表皮层和前体腔上皮，最后再分别分化为成熟的表皮层和体腔上皮。而海盘车腕的再生过程则包括新生腕芽的延长和残腕的延长2个事件同期发生的过程。新生腕芽的生长与延长是在创伤愈合的基础上，依靠表皮层、体腔上皮和真皮层来源的脱分化细胞的迁移和再分化先形成新生腕芽，随后在新生腕芽上又出现了新的干细胞原基样结构，使腕芽逐渐生长和延长。而创伤刺激下残腕的延长，则是在形成干细胞原基样结构的基础上，在残腔体壁的许多部位形成多个横跨体壁的“楔状”干细胞原基样结构，这些结构的多点插入及其再分化形成新的体壁组织使残腕得以延长。本文的研究结果还显示，罗氏海盘车腕的再生同时采用了表变态再生和变形再生2种方式。 相似文献
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对虎斑乌贼、火枪鱿、日本枪鱿、阿根廷滑柔鱼和短蛸5种头足类的腕、胴体、肝脏、卵巢组织进行了胆固醇和牛磺酸含量的测定和分析。采用形态学鉴别和线粒体COI与16SrRNA基因序列分析相结合的方法鉴定实验物种。采用GB/T 9695.24-2008,GB/T5009.169-2003标准测定胆固醇和牛磺酸。研究表明:5种头足类(虎斑乌贼、火枪鱿、日本枪鱿、阿根廷滑柔鱼和短蛸)腕、胴体、肝脏、卵巢等四种组织的胆固醇含量分别为0.140%-0.303%、0.132%-0.340%、0.203%-0.749%、0.408%-0.497%;牛磺酸含量丰富,分别为0.216%-0.743%、0.294%-0.713%、0.538%-0.696%、0.806%-1.357%。其中,卵巢的胆固醇和牛磺酸含量都显著高于腕和胴体的含量(P0.05)。5种头足类肌肉(腕和胴体)的种内比较显示,胆固醇含量大小顺序为:火枪鱿、日本枪鱿阿根廷滑柔鱼虎斑乌贼短蛸,牛磺酸含量的大小顺序为;短蛸火枪鱿、日本枪鱿阿根廷滑柔鱼虎斑乌贼。合理食用头足类,对人类营养和健康大有裨益。 相似文献
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D. G. McKnight 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):716-720
The fauna from eight benthic samples in Chalky and Preservation Inlets is considered and four infaunal assemblages recognised. A comparison with the benthic ecology of Milford Sound shows considerable differences but varying sampling techniques preclude a detailed comparison. The echinoderms Psilaster acuminatus (Sladen), Ophiuroglypha irrorata (Lyman), Ophiacantha imago Lyman, and Brissopsis oldhami Alcock are recorded from Fiordland waters for the first time. 相似文献
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G. C. Hewitt 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):341-351
Dinematura neozealanica Thomson, 1889 is shown to be a synonym of Echthrogaleus denticulatus Smith, 1874. The male recorded as Pandarus armatus Heller by Thomson (1889) is probably E. denticulatus The latter species is redescribed from Thomson's specimens. 相似文献
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The quantitative distribution of the starfish was analyzed in Vostok Bay, Nakhodka Bay, and Kievka Bay (the Sea of Japan).
Nine species were found. Three species of Asteroidea dominated (Asterina pectinifera, Asterias amurensis, and Leptasterias sp.). The population density of A. pectinifera and A. amurensis was higher in the shallow waters compared to the sublittoral zone. The frequency of the occurrence, the biomass, and the
population density of Leptasterias sp. were the highest for the shallow waters and decreased accordingly when the water temperature decline on the transect
from Vostok Bay to Kievka Bay. In Kievka Bay, which was characterized by the lowest water temperatures, Leptasterias sp. dominated in the littoral and sublittoral zones followed by A. pectinifera and A. amurensis. 相似文献
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为探究热带西太平洋海山生物多样性,2016年利用"发现"号遥控无人潜水器(ROV)对西太平洋马里亚纳海沟附近的M2海山进行了采样调查,其中获得了3个深水金相柳珊瑚样本。通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察,鉴定其为黑发金相柳珊瑚Metallogorgia melanotrichos(WrightStuder,1889)和长刺金相柳珊瑚Metallogorgia macrospina Kükenthal,1919。这两种金相柳珊瑚均为该区域的新记录种,对其作了详细的形态描述,并依据特征性状对该属所有物种作了分类检索。 相似文献
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Larval and juvenile fish drifting on ebb tides were collected from early summer to mid autumn at various locations in the Taieri River and Waipori River estuary, South Island, New Zealand. A total of seven species of fish were recorded, however only three species were regularly collected. These were the larval common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus McDowall), larval inanga (Galaxias maculatus Jenyns), and postlarval cockabully (Tripterygion nigripenne Valenciennes). Common bully densities were highest in mid January, with the highest densities being recorded drifting out of Lake Waihola. Inanga densities were highest in March and April, with the highest densities being recorded in the channels draining wetland areas where extensive tidal inundation of riparian vegetation occurred. Cockabully were recorded from February to April, mostly at more downstream sites. Inland penetration by marine species was considerable, with two marine species, clingfish (Trachelochismus pinnulatus Forster) and smooth leatherjacket (Parika scaber Forster), being recorded c. 12 km upstream in late summer. 相似文献
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Abundance, Biomass, C- and N-
Content of Flaccisagitta enflata and
Mesosagitta minima (Chaetognatha)
Mirna Batisti&#; 《Marine Ecology》2003,24(1):1-13
Abstract The annual variability in abundance and biomass of Flaccisagitta enflata (Grassi, 1881) and Mesosagitta minima (Grassi, 1881), along with the C‐ and N‐content of their different maturity stages, were investigated in the South Adriatic Sea on a weekly basis throughout 1996. Increases in abundance and biomass of F. enflata [maximum 554 indiv. · (10 m3)–1 and 16.3 mg C · (10 m3)–1] and M. minima [maximum 336 indiv. · (10 m3)–1 and 3.1 mg C · (10 m3)–1] were found in summer and autumn, a time of intense reproduction for these species. Mean carbon content (as a percentage of dry weight) varied from 30.41 to 40.39 % among maturity stages for F. enflata, and from 27.73 to 39.31 % for M. minima. Nitrogen contents of both species were ～ 3 to 3.5 times less than carbon contents and varied less. Accurate estimates of chaetognath biomass as carbon should be based on the separate contribution of each maturity stage present in the total population. 相似文献
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报告了蝉虾亚科Scyllarinae分类研究最新进展和中国海的种类。根据Holthuis 2002年在蝉虾属ScyllarusFabricius,1775之外为印度-太平洋的种建立了13个新属的最新研究进展,记载中国海蝉虾亚科8属12种,内含1新纪录;讨论了有关的分类问题和地理分布特点,纠正了过去的错误鉴定,分清了种的混淆。 相似文献
18.
This study compares the composition, species richness and biomass of macrofaunal and algal assemblages on intertidal boulder shores as compared with those on adjacent rock-platforms, at six sites along the southwest coast of South Africa. Of 214 species identified, 175 were recorded on boulder shores and 124 on rock-platform shores; of these, 99 species were common to both habitat types, 92 were exclusive to boulders, and 23 were exclusive to rock-platforms. Significant differences in community structure (F(1,95) = 13.02, p < 0.01) (PERMANOVA test), species richness (F(1,95) = 14.28, p < 0.01), biomass (F(1,95) = 9.45, p < 0.01) and diversity (F(1,95) = 578.83, p < 0.01) (two-way ANOVA) were detected between the two habitat types. Average dissimilarity of community structure between rock-platform and boulder shores was 87.96% (SIMPER analysis). The increased species richness and biomass on boulder shores extended across all tidal levels, but was most marked in the highshore. These results confirm that boulder shores along the southwestern Cape support a distinct biota, richer and very different from that on adjacent rock-platforms, and rich in boulder-dependent species. We propose that boulder shores merit separate management and conservation targets as compared to rock-platforms, though the ecology of boulder shores in the region remains very poorly known and requires further study. 相似文献
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Fernando Coreixas de Moraes Fernanda Cervi Cludia S. Karez Leonardo T. Salgado Rodrigo L. Moura Gabriella A. Leal Alex C. Bastos Gilberto M. Amado‐Filho 《Marine Ecology》2019,40(3)
Bioeroding sponges belong to the most dominant bioeroders, significantly contributing to the erosion of coral reefs. Some species are tolerant or even benefit from environmental conditions such as ocean warming, acidification, and eutrophication. In consequence, increases in sponge bioerosion have been observed on some coral reefs over the last decades. The Abrolhos Bank is the largest coral reef system in the South Atlantic. It has been affected by sedimentation, eutrophication, overfishing, and climate change, mainly affecting coastal reefs, and at lesser intensity outer ones as well. This study aimed to describe spatial and temporal patterns in bioeroding sponge distribution in carbonate substrates in the Abrolhos Bank. Photo‐quadrats were used to compare bioeroding sponge abundance between two shallow reefs: a coastal, Pedra de Leste (PL), and an outer reef, Parcel dos Abrolhos (PAB). Each individual was delimitated over the substrate by determining the sponge surface through a line connecting the outermost papillae. The study was conducted over 6 years in 2008–2009 and 2013–2016. Four species of bioeroding sponges were identified: Cliona carteri Ridley, 1881, C. delitrix Pang, 1973, C. cf. schmidtii Ridley, 1881, and Siphonodictyon coralliphagum Rützler, 1971. The distribution and abundance of species varied between the inner and outer reefs and across the years, and displayed certain selectivity for the calcareous substrates recorded. Crustose coralline algae (CCA) were the main substrate excavated by the most abundant bioeroding species, C. carteri, and represented 70% of the substrate types occupied by this sponge (CCA, coral overgrown by CCA and plain coral). The highest abundance of bioeroding sponges observed in photo‐quadrats was 21.3 individuals/m2 at the outer reefs (PAB) in 2014. The abundances or areal extents of bioeroding sponges were up to 10 times greater on the outer reefs than on the coastal ones, where sedimentation is higher and more strongly influenced by siliciclastic material. Moreover, a higher herbivorous fish biomass has been reported on outer reefs which could also influence the higher abundance of bioeroding sponges in outer reefs. During the study period of 6 years, an increase in bioeroding sponge abundance was observed at the outer reefs (PAB), with the sea surface temperature increase. As CCA have an important role in reefal cementation and carbonate production in the Abrolhos reefs, a bioerosion impact might be expected, in particular, on the outer reefs. 相似文献