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1.
在对南黄海和东海毛颚类生态特征的研究数量分布特征后的续篇.重点探讨调查区毛颚类群落性质和群落结构的特征及与海区环境因子的相关性.结果表明,本区共记录毛颚类28种,种类季节变化不明显,周年共有种达64.3%;但群落优势种则有季节差异与区域差异.毛颚类群落多样性指数(H')和均匀度(J')年均值分别为1.68和0.64.H'的平面分布表现出外部海区大于近岸海区的分布格局.在群落中存在4个生态类群,其中近海暖温带类群和广盐暖水类群可分别指示黄海水、浙江沿岸流和东海陆架混合水在南黄海和东海这两个海区的相互推移和消长过程.此外,从不同侧面的计算分析也表明,影响群落特征值(H')的主要因子是温度和盐度.群落性质是以近岸暖温带低盐种和暖水广布种为主,近岸暖水种和大洋暖水种占一定比例的暖温带-亚热带群落结构的特点. 相似文献
2.
台湾以北海域浮游桡足类生物海洋学特征的研究Ⅱ.群落特征 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
在对台湾以北海域浮游桡足类生物海洋学特征进行数量分布方面的研究后的续篇,重点对本海区浮游挠足类的群落结构和群落性质以及与栖区环境条件间的关系作了分析探讨．结果表明,本区桡足类群落结构种类组成复杂,出现种类共２３７种,但周年共有种比例仅占３２％．桡足类群落的多样度和均匀度年均值各为３．７１４和０．６９０,在平面分布上呈外部海区高于近岸海区的大体趋势．本区群落可划分为５个生态类群,其中暖水性外海高温偏低盐类群和热带大洋高温高盐类群可分别指示台湾海峡水和黑潮表层水的季节消长过程．从不同侧面的计算分析均表明,冬季在环境条件上均有异于其他３季．在春、夏、秋季,以普通波水蚤最具优势,盐度是影响群落特征值的主导因子,群落的性质是以暖水性外海种类为主、热带大洋种也占相当比例的亚热带－热带群落结构的特点;在冬季,主要优势种是海洋真刺水蚤,温度是群落特征值的主要制约因子,群落呈现以热带大洋种占支配地位的热带大洋群落结构属性． 相似文献
3.
东海南部与台湾以东海域浮游介形类的群落结构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析东海南部与台湾以东海域浮游介形类的物种和生态类群多样性,并阐述其季节差异与区域差异,同时指出本海区存在4种生态类群,但以高温高盐类群起支配作用.此外,夏、冬两季浮游介形类的丰度有显着的差别,7和12月的均值分别为0.63个/m3和1.22个/m3,而就丰度的水平分布而言,表现出东海南部大于台湾以东海域的分布格局,并在海区的东北部形成数量密集区.同时,还着重阐述本海区的群落结构,本区虽存在3种生态群落,但以外海群落占据绝大部分海域,尤其应指出的是,钓鱼岛邻近海域与台湾北部和东部水域同属于外海群落.最后,分析了由于海域环境因子的变化导致群落生境地理位置的季节性迁移. 相似文献
4.
海洋浮游细菌生长率和被摄食的研究综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海洋浮游细菌利用海水中的溶解有机碳合成自身物质,是海洋浮游生态系统的二次生产者。微型浮游动物是细菌的主要摄食者,也是细菌生产向较高营养级传递的中介。研究海洋浮游细菌的生长率和被(微型浮游动物的)摄食率对理解海洋浮游生态系统的功能具有重要作用。本文综述了利用改变海水中生物类群组成(或功能)的培养方法研究海洋浮游细菌生长率和被摄食率的历程和现状,为我国的同类研究提供借鉴。改变海水中生物类群组成(或功能)进行培养的方法有海水分粒级培养、海水稀释培养和添加选择性抑制剂培养。这些方法各有其局限性,应用并不广泛。细菌及其主要摄食者异养鞭毛虫群落在自然海区和实验室内都有生长周期,鞭毛虫的生长周期落后于细菌,因此细菌的生长率有时会小于被摄食率,有时会大于被摄食率。我国这方面的研究相对落后,应值得引起重视,建议从海水稀释培养法入手开展相关研究。 相似文献
5.
文章根据2016年5月（春季）和8月（夏季）温州沿岸海域浮游动物和环境因子的调查资料,对浮游动物的种类组成、生态类群、优势种、丰度和生物量进行研究,并通过典范对应分析探索环境因子对浮游动物群落特征的影响。研究结果表明:春、夏季共鉴定到浮游动物117种和浮游幼虫20类,大多数种类属于暖水性近海类群;春季的优势种包括中华哲水蚤、大西洋五角水母和百陶箭虫,夏季的优势种包括拟细浅室水母、齿形海萤、肥胖箭虫和精致真刺水蚤等;浮游动物的丰度和生物量春季高于夏季,水平分布大致为近岸低、远岸高;浮游动物样品的季节性差异与表层水温和盐度有较大关系,而影响浮游动物群落结构空间差异的环境因子春季为盐度、活性磷酸盐、硝酸盐和氨氮,夏季为盐度、总氮、总磷和叶绿素a。 相似文献
6.
2009-08对乐清湾进行了生物调查。共鉴定浮游动物66种,浮游幼虫15类,分为半咸水河口类群、近海暖温带类群、近海暖水类群和大洋广布类群,其中近海暖水类群占主导地位。Ⅰ型网主要优势种有针刺拟哲水蚤、汤氏长足水蚤、太平洋纺锤水蚤、刺尾纺锤水蚤等;Ⅱ型网主要优势种有针刺拟哲水蚤、强额拟哲水蚤、太平洋纺锤水蚤、刺尾纺锤水蚤、短角长腹剑水蚤、简长腹剑水蚤、小长腹剑水蚤等。浮游动物优势种分布有明显差别,太平洋纺锤水蚤分布仅限于湾顶海区,小长腹剑水蚤密集区也在此区域,其它优势种则分布于乐清湾中部和湾口海区。浮游动物平均生物量为125.05mg/m3,平均丰度为234.00个/m3,数量分布呈现出从湾顶向湾口逐渐降低的趋势。 相似文献
7.
为探究北欧海微微型真核浮游生物多样性和群落结构的分布特征,本研究于2017年6月采集北欧海一个典型断面的表层海水,利用标靶(18SrRNA基因V4区)扩增结合高通量测序技术研究了水体中微微型真核浮游生物的多样性及群落结构,并探讨了群落结构、优势类群与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:微微型真核浮游生物群落的主导类群为囊泡虫类(54.61%),主要由甲藻纲(18.42%)和海洋囊泡虫新类群I (23.01%)组成;后鞭毛类占21.55%,其中真菌在各站中都有较高的相对丰度,为18.86%;此外,不等鞭毛类中的硅鞭藻和囊泡虫类中的甲藻在温度较低的站位中分布较多,而海洋囊泡虫新类群I则在温度较高的站位中分布较多。典型相关分析结果表明,温度对微微型真核浮游生物的群落结构有重要的影响。北欧海的水文特征复杂,寒暖流在此交汇,造成了微微型真核浮游生物的群落结构有明显的区域差异。 相似文献
8.
台湾以北海域浮游桡足类生物海洋学特征的研究：II.群落特征 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
在对台湾以北海域浮游桡足类生物海洋学特征进行数量分布方面的研究后的续篇,重点对本海区浮游桡足类的群落结构和群落性质以及与栖区环境条件间的关系作了分析探讨。结果表明,本区桡足类群落结构种类组成复杂,出现种类共２３７种,但周年共有种比例仅为３２％,桡足类群落的多样度和均匀度年均值各为３．７１４和０．６９０,在平面分布上呈外部海区高于近岸海区的大体趋势,本区群落可划分为５个生态类群,其中暖水性外海高温偏 相似文献
9.
夏季青岛近海浮游动物种类组成、群落结构及多样性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2006年7月在青岛近海海域(35°19′～36°35′N, 119°50′～121°33′E)进行浮游动物采样调查,研究了青岛近海浮游动物的种类组成、群落结构及多样性.调查共鉴定浮游动物48种,浮游幼虫18类.种类数的平面分布为灵山湾、琅琊台湾附近海区较多,其他海区较少.优势种类有中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)、拟长脚虫戎(Parathemisto gaudichaudi)、长尾类幼虫(Macrura larvae)和短尾类幼虫(Brachyura larvae).调查海区近岸暖温类群、近岸暖水类群、近岸低盐类群、温带外海类群四种生态类群共存,但以近岸暖温类群为主.浮游动物丰度、生物量的水平分布趋势与表层温度、盐度的水平分布趋势相似,都从调查海区的外海区向近岸逐渐降低;Shannon-weiner多样性指数与Pielou均匀度指数水平分布趋势与表层温度、盐度相反,从青岛近岸向调查海区外海逐渐降低.与该区域1959年同月份的调查数据相比,浮游动物主要种类组成、丰度、生物量差别不大,主要种类中华哲水蚤丰度有较大的增加. 相似文献
10.
2018-08和2018-11获取和分析了海南岛近岸海域夏(11个站位)、秋(9个站位)两个季节的样品数据,并在海南近岸海域展开了大面站浮游动物分布特征调查研究,以期深入了解不同季节浮游动物种群分布和群落结构变化机制及规律。结果表明:近岸海域共鉴定浮游动物45科51属69种及浮游幼体31类,共分为河口类群、暖水沿岸类群和暖水广布类群三个生态类群,以桡足类为优势类群。优势种以简长腹剑水蚤(Oithona simplex)、亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus)、红纺锤水蚤(Acartia erythraea)、异体住囊虫(Oikopleura dioica)、肥胖箭虫(Sagitta enflata)和鸟喙尖头溞(Penilia avirostris)等组成。同时,夏秋季浮游动物受季节和地形的影响,个体密度、湿重生物量、物种丰富度和多样性指数具有明显的差异性,呈现为秋季夏季,秋季浮游动物平均个体密度和生物量分别为223. 04 ind·m-3和675. 37 mg·m-3,各站位多样性指数绝大部分均在3. 00以上,且生态类群和优势种数量分布均呈较高水平,均匀度指数则与之相反。总体而言,浮游动物群落结构特征能影响海洋食物网物质循环和能量流动的效率,从而影响海洋生态系统多样性和稳定性。因此,研究不同季节浮游动物分布特征,对海南近岸资源开发利用和海洋生态管理等方面均具有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
Laurel A. Zahn Jeremy T. Claisse Jonathan P. Williams Chelsea M. Williams Daniel J. Pondella II 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(4):770-785
Understanding species distributions and their community structure is increasingly important when taking an ecosystem‐based approach to conservation and management. However, knowledge of the distribution and community structure of species in mid‐range trophic levels (e.g. macroinvertebrates) is lacking in most marine ecosystems. Our study aimed to examine the spatial distribution and community‐level biogeographic patterns of common kelp forest–rocky reef macroinvertebrates in Southern California and to evaluate the effects of environmental gradients on these communities. Quantitative SCUBA surveys were used to estimate macroinvertebrate densities at 92 sites from 2008–2012. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling was used to evaluate spatial patterns of macroinvertebrate communities among Regions. We found that kelp forest–rocky reef macroinvertebrate communities are distinct among different island and mainland regions, and their community patterns exhibited a strong relationship with an environmental gradient (i.e. sea surface temperature) even after controlling for geographic distance between sites. High abundances of urchin species (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) were strong drivers of regional differences. Macroinvertebrate community patterns were driven by characteristic species that were typically more prevalent at warmer or colder sites. Our results provide the first quantitative analysis of macroinvertebrate community structure within the California kelp forest ecosystem. We also describe the distribution and abundance of 92 conspicuous kelp forest‐rocky reef macroinvertebrates among nine pre‐defined Regions. This study provides important preliminary information on these macroinvertebrate species that will be directly useful to inform management of invertebrate fisheries and spatial protection of marine resources. 相似文献
12.
Taxonomic sufficiency and the influence of rare species on variation partitioning analysis of a polychaete community 
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下载免费PDF全文 Variation partitioning is an important tool to investigate the importance of spatial structure to species distribution in communities, but its use is lacking in marine ecosystems. The influence of rare species and the level of taxonomic resolution are important features to be considered when planning sampling designs and efforts for community studies. We tested the significance of spatial and environmental components to species distribution of a polychaete community, considering how the results varied among models with increasingly rare species (and contrasting metrics), and among models with distinct taxonomic levels. For all models evaluated, both spatial and environmental components significantly explained the structure of species distribution. However, spatial processes explained a higher percentage of variance than environmental ones in almost all models. The inclusion of rare species did not influence the outcome in most models, with the exception of a Chi‐square distance model with all species included. Family taxonomic level was sufficient to detect the relative contribution of both components, but the number of environmental variables included in the model was higher for the genus level. The influence of rare species was related to the metric applied to the analysis. If weight to rare species is not desirable, the use of a few dominant species coupled with the Hellinger function can provide a good surrogate to the whole sampled community in variation partition analysis. The genus level is suggested as an appropriate taxonomic level with which to evaluate the relevance of spatial and environmental components in polychaete community studies. 相似文献
13.
为深入了解不同地理尺度因素对驱动微型生物群落空间结构的相对影响,本研究于2020年10月调查了中国北方14个砂质潮间带的砂栖纤毛虫群落。研究结果如下:（1）检获纤毛虫105种,隶属26目65属,按丰度优势依次为帆口目、小胸目和环毛目;（2）黄海、渤海两区域的环境因子存在显著差异,但纤毛虫群落组成趋于相似;（3）偏Mental分析显示,环境条件较空间距离在纤毛虫群落组成的驱动中更为重要,其中盐度、粒度和海滩坡度是解释纤毛虫空间分布的最优环境因子组合,而潮差和溶解无机氮含量是次要影响因子;（4）沿海区域微型生物的强扩散效应在一定程度上掩盖了环境异质性影响。综上,由于沿海生态系统中微型生物受到更少扩散限制,在空间分布格局的形成上,环境条件的影响比空间距离更重要。本研究为海洋微型生物地理学提供了基础数据,有助于在全球变化背景下制定沙滩管理和保护规划。 相似文献
14.
For the first time, data on the heterotrophic flagellate fauna in the littoral and the sublittoral zones of the southeastern part of the Pechora Sea were obtained. Sixty-six heterotrophic flagellate species were found in the study region: 48 and 42 species were found on the shelf and in the intertidal zone, respectively. The most common species were Cafeteria roenbergensis, Paraphysomonas sp., Ancyromonas sigmoides, Cafeteria minuta, Actinomonas mirabilis, and Spumella sp. The littoral fauna of the heterotrophic flagellates was more peculiar than the sublittoral fauna and equally rich. In the region studied, the community can be divided into two types: (a) the predominantly littoral community characterized by a special composition of the dominant species and by high similarity between its local varieties and (b) the heterogeneous predominantly sublittoral community characterized by a lack of a complex of particular species. The local diversity of the heterotrophic flagellate community was low (on the average, 4.5 species per one sample 1 cm3 in volume). The overall distribution pattern of the flagellates was extremely heterogeneous. The large amount of species that were encountered only once causes a great variability in the species structure from one station to another. The total number of the species monotonously increased with the growth in the number of samples and no manifested saturation of the cumulative curve was reached. This indicates the potentially greater diversity of the heterotrophic flagellate species in the region studied. 相似文献
15.
The productivity and health of seagrass depend on the combined inputs of nutrients from the water and sediments in which they grow and the microbiota with which they live intimately. However, little is known about the composition and diversity pattern of single-celled benthic eukaryotes in seagrass meadows. Here, we investigated how the structure and diversity of the benthic microeukaryotic community vary with respect to season, location, and seagrass colonization, by applying 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing for 96 surface sediment samples that were collected from three different seagrass habitats through four seasons. We found that benthic microeukaryotic communities associated with seagrass Zostera japonica exhibited remarkable spatial and seasonal variations, as well as differences between vegetated and unvegetated sediments. Diatoms and dinoflagellates predominated in the benthic microeukaryotic communities, but they were inversely correlated and displaced each other as the dominant microbial group in different seasons or habitats. Mucoromycota was more prevalent in vegetated sediments, whereas Lobulomycetales and Chytridiales had higher proportions in unvegetated sites. Total organic carbon and total organic nitrogen were the most important environmental factors in driving the microeukaryotic assemblages and diversity. Our study expands the available knowledge on the biogeographic distribution patterns and niche preferences for benthic microeukaryotes in seagrass systems. 相似文献
16.
N. D. Romanova Yu. A. Mazei D. V. Tikhonenkov A. F. Sazhin A. I. Azovsky 《Oceanology》2013,53(3):334-344
The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the heterotrophic microbial communities (bacteria, flagellates, and ciliates) in the thin water-sediment layer in the Kara Sea are analyzed. The bacterial abundance correlated with the concentration of organic matter, whereas their size depended on the abundance of heterotrophic flagellates. The number of species of heterotrophic flagellates increased with the increase in the bacterial number. A positive relationship between the bacterial abundance and the ration of heterotrophic flagellates was observed at the offshore stations, probably due to the grazing pressure. The density of the ciliates on the soft silty and sandy-silty sediments was extremely low. The share of upstream filter feeding ciliate species increased with the increase in the abundance of the flagellates, probably due to the shift to less selective feeding strategies at higher values of the food concentrations. The classification of the heterotrophic microbial communities in the surface sediment layer has revealed two distinct types of the communities. The river communities are rich in species and are characterized by the high abundance of microorganisms. They are gradually replaced by marine communities at the salinity of 9%. 相似文献
17.
Abstract. The effect of artificially changing the concentration of naturally occurring free virus-like particles (VLPs) on growth of marine heterotrophic flagellates was tested in batch cultures using ultrafiltration technology. This manipulation influenced the course of flagellate growth markedly. During 1 week of incubation the growth of 4 tested flagellate strains ( Oxyrrhis marina, Paraphysomonas imperforata, Petalomonas cantuscygni, Pteridomonas danica ) was strongly favoured after increasing the VLP concentration. Bacteria, however, were repressed in these treatments beyond 50 h. In cultures with natural seawater microbiota, we both reduced and enriched the concentration of VLPs. In these cultures, reduction of material in the virus-rich 2–200 nm size fraction led to a strong positive growth response of heterotrophic flagellates. In VLP-enriched treatments of natural seawater microbiota a tendency toward growth stimulation was also found, although this was not significant. Enrichment with VLPs caused no recognizable mortality either in cultured flagellate strains or in naturally occurring flagellate communities. However, it is suggested that a highly bioactive component must be present in the virus-rich 2–200 nm size fraction. Virus-like particles are discussed as possible candidates influencing heterotrophic flagellate community successions. 相似文献
18.
The assemblage structure and spatial distribution patterns of macrobenthic communities according to environmental conditions were analysed through five samplings carried out at 14 intertidal soft sediment stations in the Oualidia lagoon (NW Morocco). A total of 89 macrobenthic taxa were collected, amounting to 55.188 specimens. Molluscs, polychaetes and arthropods were the most species‐rich groups. The snail Peringia ulvae was the most dominant species, especially abundant in the mid‐ and upper lagoon sections (nearly 64% of the total specimens gathered), followed by the mollusc Scrobicularia plana (10%). Diversity values were generally low (<3 bit) pointing out the high dominance by few species. Multivariate analyses clearly distinguished three distinct macrobenthic assemblages, successively distributed from lagoon inlets towards inner parts. Nevertheless, each assemblage was found in particular habitat types and had a specific species composition in response to different environmental characteristics. (a) The Scolelepis fuliginosa community occupied sandy substrates at the lower section of the lagoon with stronger marine influence and, (b) the P. ulvae community lived in sandy‐muddy substrates, including two sub‐communities dominated, respectively, by Cerastoderma edule, S. plana and Tritia pfeffeiri inhabiting the middle section and S. plana the upper section. The combination of salinity, temperature, pH and silt content was identified as the major environmental variable subset with the highest correlation with the observed macrofaunal patterns and silt fraction as the single best correlated variable. The results demonstrated significant spatial differences in macrobenthic assemblage structure and composition along environmental gradients in spite of the absence of direct freshwater river inflow. 相似文献
19.
The green–blue swing: plasticity of plankton food‐webs in response to coastal oceanographic dynamics 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Domenico D'Alelio Maria Grazia Mazzocchi Marina Montresor Diana Sarno Adriana Zingone Iole Di Capua Gayantonia Franzè Francesca Margiotta Vincenzo Saggiomo Maurizio Ribera d'Alcalà 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(4):1155-1170
The internal organization of plankton communities plays a key role in biogeochemical cycles and in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the structure of a marine plankton community (including both unicellular and multicellular organisms) was inferred by applying an ecological network approach to species abundances observed weekly at the long‐term ecological research station MareChiara (LTER‐MC) in the Gulf of Naples (Tyrrhenian Sea, Mediterranean Sea) in the summers of 2002–2009. Two distinct conditions, characterized by different combination of salinity and chlorophyll values, alternated at the site: one influenced by coastal waters, herein named ‘green’, and the other reflecting more offshore conditions, named ‘blue’. The green and blue ‘phases’ showed different keystone biological elements: namely, large diatoms and small‐sized flagellates, respectively. Several correlations amongst species belonging to different trophic groups were found in both phases (connectance ~0.30). In the green phase, several links between phytoplankton and mesozooplankton and within the latter were detected, suggesting matter flow from microbes up to carnivorous zooplankton. A microbial‐loop‐like sub‐web, including mixo‐ and heterotrophic dinoflagellates and ciliates, was present in the green phase, but it was relatively more important in the blue phase. The latter observation suggests a more intense cycling of matter at the microbial trophic level in the blue phase. These results show that different modes of ecological organization can emerge from relatively small changes in the composition of aquatic communities coping with environmental variability. This highlights a significant plasticity in the internal structure of plankton webs, which should be taken into account in predictions of the potential effects of climatic oscillations on aquatic ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles therein. 相似文献
20.
Anna W. McCallum Gary C.B. Poore Alan Williams Franziska Althaus Tim O'Hara 《Marine Ecology》2013,34(3):298-312
The use of environmental data in biogeographic studies of the deep sea is providing greater insight into the processes underlying large‐scale patterns of diversity. Recent surveys of Australia's western continental margin (~100–1100 m) provide systematic sampling of invertebrate megafauna along a gradient of 22° of latitude (13–35° S). Diversity patterns of decapod crustaceans were examined and we investigated the relative importance of environmental and spatial predictor variables on both species richness (alpha diversity) and species turnover. Distance‐based linear models (DistLM) indicated a suite of variables were important in predicting species turnover, of which temperature and oxygen were the most influential. These reflected the oceanographic features that dominate distinct depth bathomes along the slope. The numbers of species within samples were highly variable; a small but significant increase in diversity towards the tropics was evident. Replicated sampling along the margin at ~100 m and ~400 m provided an opportunity to compare latitudinal patterns of diversity at different depths. On the shallow upper slope (~400 m) temperature was disassociated from latitude and the latter proved to be the best predictor of sample species richness. The predictive power of latitude over other variables indicates that proximity to the highly diverse Indo‐West Pacific (IWP) may be important, especially considering that almost 40% of species in this study had a wide IWP distribution. In the management of Australia's marine environments, geomorphic surrogates have been emphasised when defining areas for protection. We found sea‐floor characteristics were relatively less important in predicting richness or community composition. 相似文献