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海洋中光后向散射系数的变化包含了浮游植物生物量的信息, 可应用于卫星遥感和光学剖面观测平台获取海洋中大时空尺度-高分辨率剖面的浮游植物生物量变化特征。本文选取了琼东上升流影响下生物—光学变异性较为显著的海域, 基于2013年航次实测数据, 建立了颗粒物后向散射系数(bbp)与叶绿素a浓度(Chl a)间的区域性关系模型。模型假定颗粒物后向散射系数由不随叶绿素浓度变化的固定背景值, 以及较大粒级(>2μm)和pico级(微微型, <2μm)两类浮游植物的后向散射贡献累加所得。采集的数据集进行了模型检验, 结果表明, 模型能很好地模拟琼东海域水体的bbp与Chl a间的变化趋势, 性能优于常用的幂函数关系模型, 尤其在低叶绿素浓度范围, 很好地解决幂函数显著低估的现象; 琼东海域的bbp和Chl a关系存在显著的水层变化, 底层后向散射固定背景值显著高于上层水体背景值, 表明底层受上升流的影响, 水体中不随Chl a共变的颗粒物浓度增大, 其后向散射相应增强; 叶绿素最大层的后向散射固定背景值显著低于上层其他水体的固定背景值, 后向散射固定背景值的贡献百分比约为21%~35%; 随着叶绿素浓度增大, 较大粒级的浮游植物对颗粒物后向散射系数的贡献也显著增大, 可达到50%以上, pico级浮游植物贡献稳定在40%附近。本研究的结果将为琼东海域浮游植物生物量的光学遥感、生物地球化学过程研究提供更为精确的区域性模型和基础支撑数据。 相似文献
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浮游植物是海洋生态系统食物链的基础组成, 并通过光合作用影响着海表二氧化碳通量变化。文章基于高叶绿素a浓度水域面积指标构建南海浮游植物生物量的估算体系。利用遥感数据, 采用经验正交函数分解插值方法, 重构长时间序列的南海叶绿素a浓度场, 并研究了南海高叶绿素a浓度水域面积特征的时空分布。结果发现: 高叶绿素a浓度水域面积变化有着显著季节特征, 在冬季面积达到最大值, 在夏季达到最小值, 但是该水域对应的叶绿素a浓度却在冬季达到最小值, 在夏季达到最大值, 这一特征可能是由于风驱动的海表动力过程使得海表叶绿素重新分布; 空间分布上, 高叶绿素a浓度水域常年存在于海岸附近, 特别是在中国沿海、越南沿岸、泰国湾以及婆罗洲岛附近。在巽他陆架与湄公河口东部中央海盆, 高叶绿素a浓度区域面积呈年际变化。受厄尔尼诺调控的南海季风, 导致不同年份湄公河口东南沿海存在不同程度的北部冷水侵入, 北部冷水入侵可能是引起局地浮游植物生物量增减的原因。 相似文献
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利用 SeaWiFS卫星遥感叶绿素质量浓度及TRMM微波遥感海表温度产品,研究了南海海表叶绿素a的季节变化特征及其同海表温度的关系。研究结果表明,南海叶绿素质量浓度具有很强的季节变化:通常低叶绿素质量浓度(<0.12 mg. m-3)出现在弱风、高海表温度(>28 °C)的春、夏季节;高叶绿素质量浓度(>0.13 mg·m-3)出现在有较强风速和较低海表温度(<27 °C)的冬季。线性回归分析显示,南海叶绿素质量浓度同海表温度呈显著负相关关系。尽管在南海南部、南海中部、南海西部及吕宋西北部4个代表子区域的显著性有所差异,但都暗示温度变化所反映的垂向层化调控了营养盐质量浓度和浮游植物量变化。可见,温度可能是影响海洋上层稳定程度及垂向交换强度的重要指标,从而可能调控营养盐及浮游植物的变化。 相似文献
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珠江口浮游植物叶绿素a和初级生产力的季节变化及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《热带海洋学报》2017,(1)
基于2014—2015年4个季节的现场调查数据,系统阐述了珠江口水域浮游植物叶绿素a和初级生产力的空间分布和季节特征,并结合环境因子进行了分析。结果表明:研究水域表层年平均叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力分别为3.77mg·m~(–3)和27.86mg C·m~(–3)·h~(–1),季节变化均为春季夏季秋季冬季。径流量是珠江口浮游植物空间分布的主要驱动因素,并且浮游植物的旺发与河口盐度锋面的位置密切相关。径流较小的季节,由于珠江口外营养盐浓度较低,叶绿素a浓度高值区出现在内伶仃洋水域;随着径流量的增加,叶绿素a浓度高值区随盐度锋面向珠江口外移动,而口门附近浮游植物生长受光限制和径流稀释影响并未出现高值。初级生产力的空间分布趋势与浮游植物叶绿素a相似,二者之间存在显著的正相关关系。研究还表明:夏季,珠江口外由于浮游植物旺发消耗了大量营养盐,磷酸盐浓度被耗尽使其成为浮游植物生长的限制因子;冬季,光限制和低温可能是造成浮游植物初级生产力较低的原因。与以往研究结果对比,珠江口初级生产力处于中间水平,浮游植物碳同化系数年平均值为7.51mg C·(mg Chl a)~(–1)·h~(–1),河口固碳水平为261.52g C·m~(–2)·y~(–1)。 相似文献
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利用 Sea WiFS卫星遥感叶绿素质量浓度及TRMM微波遥感海表温度产品, 研究了南海海表叶绿素a的季节变化特征及其同海表温度的关系。研究结果表明, 南海叶绿素质量浓度具有很强的季节变化:通常低叶绿素质量浓度(<0.12 mg·m-3)出现在弱风高海表温度(>28°C)的春、夏季节;高叶绿素质量浓度(>0.13 mg·m-3)通常出现在有较强风速和较低海表温度(<27°C)的冬季。线性回归分析显示, 南海叶绿素质量浓度同海表温度呈显著负相关。尽管在南海南部、南海中部、南海西部及吕宋西北部4个代表子区域的显著性有所差异, 但都暗示温度变化所反映的垂向层化调控了营养盐质量浓度和浮游植物量变化。可见, 温度可能是影响海洋上层稳定程度及垂向交换强度的重要指标, 从而可能调控营养盐及浮游植物的变化。 相似文献
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南海叶绿素浓度的时空变化特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用经验正交函数(EOF)分解方法,分析了 SeaWiFS传感器获取的近13年的逐月叶绿素浓度资料,得出南海叶绿素浓度的空间分布形态及其随时间的变化特征.结果显示,南海叶绿素浓度在空间上主要表现为4种典型的分布结构,而时间上以季节变化为主:EOF1呈现了南海叶绿素浓度近海高、海盆区低的基本分布特征;EOF2显示出夏季越南沿岸激流形叶绿素浓度高值带的存在,除显著的季节变化外,其时间序列也表现出明显的年际变化特征,并与ENSO事件关系紧密;EOF3体现了南海叶绿素浓度随东北季风加强而升高的现象,其高值区分布于东北-西南向的海盆主轴以北,并在吕宋岛西北海域形成一个极大值中心;另外, EOF4反映了叶绿素浓度较短时间尺度的变化规律,在空间分布上表现为明显的三涡结构,与南海海面高度的三涡结构有极好的对应关系. 相似文献
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南海叶绿素a浓度垂直分布的统计估算 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析整理了1993—2006年近10 a南海北部海域、南沙海域和南海其他海域的叶绿素a浓度历史航次调查资料,基于前人提出的全球叶绿素浓度垂直分布的统计分析模式,根据南海表层叶绿素a浓度大小的不同分级,对南海叶绿素a浓度进行了参数化处理,拟合估算了南海各水层剖面的叶绿素a浓度分布值,并结合不同海区的环境特征,分析了南海叶绿素a浓度垂直分布与其海水物理环境的关系。初步分析结果表明,叶绿素a浓度随深度垂直变化的拟合曲线呈一定倾斜的正态分布特征,当表层叶绿素a浓度较低时,作为南海深水海盆区的代表,拟合值更接近实测平均值的分布,叶绿素a浓度高值集中在次表层剖面上;当表层叶绿素a浓度较高时,作为近岸区和河口区的代表,高值多集中在表层海水,拟合误差偏大。该统计估算模式对于揭示南海叶绿素a浓度垂直分布结构进行了有益的尝试,为发展适合不同海区特点的模式以及校正参数奠定了基础。利用该模式与海洋水色卫星遥感数据有效结合,将对南海叶绿素a浓度时空分布格局的研究具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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在2003年10月广东沿岸航次和2004年9月南海北部开放航次数据的基础上,分析了南海北部水体非藻类颗粒物吸收系数(aNAP(λ))的变化。结果显示,沿岸水体的非藻类颗粒物吸收光谱斜率(SNAP)平均值为0.010 3nm-1(标准偏差=0.000 7 nm-1),随叶绿素a浓度的增大呈现出减小的趋势,南海北部开阔海域水体SNAP的平均值为0.009 0 nm-1(标准偏差=0.001 3 nm-1);沿岸水体受陆源性输入的影响较大,表层水体aNAP(440)随盐度的增大而减小,随总悬浮颗粒物(SPM)浓度的增大而增大,aNAP(440)/SPM平均为0.045 m2.g-1;南海北部开阔海域水体非藻类颗粒物的吸收明显偏小,表层水体的aNAP(440)与盐度存在较弱的线性相关,与SPM之间没有表现出明显的相关性,aNAP(440)与叶绿素a浓度之间存在一定的幂指数关系,表明外海水体浮游植物的降解是非藻类颗粒物的主要来源之一。 相似文献
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颗粒物粒径分布(Particle Size Distribution, PSD)代表了颗粒物浓度与颗粒物粒径之间的关系, 影响着海洋生态环境和水体光学特性等。文章基于2016年夏季航次调查的生物光学剖面数据, 研究了南海海盆海域PSD的分布特征。研究发现, 幂律函数可以较好地拟合南海海盆区域的PSD, 对数空间中的实测的PSD与模拟的PSD平均决定系数高达0.95。PSD斜率(ξ)的分布范围为[1.27, 7.65], 均值为3.93±0.56。南海海盆区域表层水体的ξ均值与全球大洋表层水体的ξ均值相近, 但高于海湾等表层水体的ξ均值。ξ能较好地表征颗粒物平均粒径DA的大小, 两者存在明显负相关关系, 即ξ值越高, DA越小; 反之, DA越大。通过分析T1断面的生物光学剖面数据及总体平均的PSD剖面数据, 发现PSD剖面分布特征如下: 1)表层水体的ξ值相对较高, 且DA值相对较低, 推测可能是由于微微型藻类为主导颗粒物所致; 2) ξ值极小值层出现在次表层叶绿素浓度极大值层(Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum Layer, SCML)中, 并伴随DA极大值层的出现, 其原因可能是SCML中的大粒径浮游植物占比显著增加; 3)弱光层中的ξ值较SCML中的高, 但略低于表层的ξ值, 而DA则位于表层与SCML的DA之间, 这可能与浮游植物及其碎屑的絮凝、分解、沉降等过程相关。PSD特征影响着海水的固有光学特性, 分析发现: 由于SCML中的叶绿素浓度增加, 颗粒物散射系数(bp(532))和颗粒物后向散射系数(bbp(532))也相应呈现显著增加的趋势。弱光层中的平均bp(532)与平均bbp(532)最小。ξ与颗粒物衰减光谱斜率之间呈高分散性, Boss 等(2001b) 的模型适合用于粗略估算区域性的ξ分布范围及均值。 相似文献
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M. D. Kravchishina A. Yu. Lein L. A. Pautova A. A. Klyuvitkin N. V. Politova A. N. Novigatsky V. A. Silkin 《Oceanology》2016,56(6):819-836
The features of the vertical distribution of chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon and its isotopic composition, total suspended particulate matter (SPM), and the structure of the phytoplankton community in the Middle and South Caspian Sea in May–June 2012 are discussed. The subsurface chlorophyll a maximum (SCM) was found everywhere at depths of ~20 to 40–60 m. The position of this layer is confined to the depth of the seasonal thermocline, which is determined by the development of a cold-water (dark) phytocenosis. The genesis of this layer was studied. The increase in chlorophyll a concentration in this layer is caused by an abundance of phytoplankton or an increased concentration of this phytopigments per algal cell. The highest values of the studied organic compounds and phytoplankton biomass are revealed as close to the seasonal thermocline extending from the southern periphery of the Derbent Depression to the Apsheron Sill, which is determined by the bottom topography. The presence of chlorophyll a at depths exceeding 300 m (up to ≥1 mg/m3) was revealed. This was supported by findings of individual algal cells containing chlorophyll a and even their accumulations in the deep water layer. The most probable mechanisms responsible for the presence of these cells at the deep water level are discussed in the paper. The vertical distribution of the values of the organic carbon isotopic composition is primarily controlled by the vertical structure of phytoplankton and chlorophyll a in the water column up to ~500 m and by biogeochemical processes at the redox barrier (~600 m layer). The relative stability of chlorophyll a and the stability of pheophytin a in anaerobic environments were verified. A significant amount of weakly transformed chlorophyll a was found close the sea bottom. 相似文献
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A set of phytoplankton pigment measurements collected on eight quarterly transects from France to New Caledonia is analyzed in order to identify the main assemblages of phytoplankton and to relate their occurrence to oceanic conditions. Pigment concentrations are first divided by the sum [monovinyl chlorophyll a plus divinyl chlorophyll a] to remove the effect of biomass, and second are normalized to give an equal weight to all pigments. The resulting 17 pigments × 799 observations matrix is then classified into 10 clusters using neural methodology. Eight out of these 10 clusters have a well marked regional or seasonal character, thus evidencing adapted responses of the phytoplankton communities. The main gradient opposes two clusters with high fucoxanthin and chlorophyll c1+2 in the North Atlantic in January, April and July, to three clusters in the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre with high divinyl chlorophyll a, zeaxanthin and phycoerythrin. One of the clusters in the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre has relatively high zeaxanthin and phycoerythrin contents and dominates in November and February (austral summer), while another with relatively high divinyl chlorophylls a and b dominates in May and August (austral winter). The third one in the South Pacific is characterized by high carotene concentration and its occurrence peaks in February and May. In the equatorial current system, one cluster, rich in chlorophylls b and c1+2, is strictly located in a narrow zone centred at the equator, while another with relatively high violaxanthin concentration is restricted to the high nutrient - low chlorophyll waters in only the southern part of the South Equatorial Current. One cluster with relatively high prasinoxanthin content has a spatial distribution spanning the entire South Equatorial Current. Two clusters have a ubiquitous distribution: one in the equatorial Pacific, the Carribbean Sea and the North Atlantic during summer has pigment concentrations close to the average of the entire dataset, and the other in the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre, the Carribbean Sea and the North Atlantic during autumn clearly has an oligotrophic character. Many of the differences between clusters are caused by diagnostic pigments of nano- or picoflagellates. While the space and time characteristics of the clusters are well marked and might correspond to differences in physical and chemical forcing, knowledge of the ecological requirements of these flagellates is generally lacking to explain how the variability of the environment triggers these clusters. 相似文献
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东海溶解无机氮(dissolved inorganic nitrogen, DIN)有四个主要外部来源,包括黑潮、台湾海峡、河流径流和大气沉降。为探究它们的共同作用对东海浮游植物时空变化带来的多重影响,利用添加分源模块的物理-生态耦合模型分析了东海表层不同来源DIN支持的浮游植物(以叶绿素a浓度chlorophylla,chla表征)季节变化与空间分布以及它们之间的响应关系,从而评估多源营养盐对东海陆架表层浮游植物的影响。各来源DIN支持的chl a浓度中,黑潮来源和河流径流来源先后占据主导地位,且除了河流径流来源chl a,其余三种来源chl a季节变化均呈双峰结构。不同来源chl a空间分布特征存在季节变化差异,并且各来源chl a在东海陆架不同季节存在不同的主导区域,这与不同来源DIN供给的物理过程,如环流、混合、层化以及温度变化等密切相关。研究不同来源营养盐对东海浮游植物的影响对理解多重压力下东海生态系统变化有重要意义。 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2007,54(10):1687-1703
Pigment indices were used to characterise the seasonal succession of phytoplankton, and associated changes in chlorophyll a and accessory pigments, in subtropical waters of the three ocean basins in the southern hemisphere. Diagnostic indices revealed the dominance of small flagellates and elevated biomass during winter–spring in the Pacific, mixed flagellate–prokaryote communities and intermediate biomass during early summer in the Atlantic, and prokaryote dominance with low biomass in mid-summer in the Indian Ocean. Photo-pigment indices indicated only a small variation in the chlorophyll a proportion of total pigments across the ocean basins, but the accessory pigments varied considerably. Under low temperature and irradiance conditions, the photosynthetic carotenoids were prominent, but as temperatures and irradiance increased and nutrients declined, there was a significant increase in the proportion of photoprotective carotenoids. At high temperatures and irradiances, the photoprotective carotenoids were the largest component of the pigment pool, exceeding the proportion of chlorophyll a. These variations in phytoplankton composition, and their photoacclimation status, could be explained according to environmental changes and have implications for satellite estimations of biomass and primary production. 相似文献
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Atsushi Matsuoka Pierre Larouche Michel Poulin Warwick Vincent Hiroshi Hattori 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
The chlorophyll a specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton, aφ∗(λ) is an important parameter to determine for primary production models and for the estimation of phytoplankton physiological condition. Knowledge of this parameter at high latitudes where nutrient rich cold water submitted to low incident light is a common environment is almost nonexistent. To address this issue, we investigated the light absorption properties of phytoplankton as a function of irradiance, temperature, and nutrients using a large data set in the southern Beaufort Sea during the open water to ice cover transition period. The aφ∗(λ) tended to increase from autumn when open water still existed to early winter when sea ice cover was formed, resulting from a biological selection of smaller-size phytoplankton more efficient to absorb light. There was no significant correlation between aφ∗(λ) and irradiance or temperature for both seasons. However, aφ∗(λ) showed a significant positive correlation with NO3 + NO2. Implications of the results for phytoplankton community adaptation to changing light levels are discussed. 相似文献
16.
The performances of three semi-analytical retrieval models for water inherent optical properties were validated in the coastal Yellow Sea and East China Sea, including the Quasi-Analytical Algorithm (QAA), the Garver-Siegel-Maritorena model (GSM) and the Over Constrained Linear Matrix (LM). The model-retrieved parameters, namely absorption coefficients of phytoplankton (a ph), colored dissolved and detrital particulate matter (a dg), total absorption coefficients (a t), and backscattering coefficient of particles (b bp), were compared. The bio-optical datasets collected from a Yellow Sea and East China Sea cruise in April and September 2003 were used in the study. The QAA model performed the best in retrieval for all the coefficients, showing log-transformed root mean square errors of 0.306 for a ph, 0.268 for a dg, 0.144 for a t, and 0.273 for b bp at 443 nm. The LM model showed a slightly larger deviation than the QAA model with a similar error trend for absorption coefficients, but it returned the largest uncertainties for b bp, with log-transformed root mean square error up to 0.646. The GSM model, however, yielded the largest and fluctuating errors along with wavelength for absorption coefficient retrievals. Substituting the fitting parameters from measured data for the empirical spectral parameters, all three models returned better results. These improvements demonstrated that semi-analytical algorithms designed for ocean water need regional modifications before applying to coastal areas. The QAA algorithm may be the most suitable model for retrieval for the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, and future model refinements should concentrate on regional modeling of inherent optical properties. 相似文献
17.
18.
《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》1999,46(3-4):677-699
Variations in the distribution of chemotaxonomic pigments were monitored in the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman at the end of the SW monsoon in September 1994 and during the inter-monsoon period in November/December 1994 to determine the seasonal changes in phytoplankton composition. The Gulf of Oman was characterized by sub-surface chlorophyll maxima at 20-40 m during both seasons, and low levels of divinyl chlorophyll a indicated that prochlorophytes did not contribute significantly to the total chlorophyll a. Prymnesiophytes (19′-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin), diatoms (fucoxanthin) and chlorophyll b containing organisms accounted for most of the phytoplankton biomass in September, while prymnesiophytes dominated in November/December. In the Arabian Sea in September, high total chlorophyll a concentrations up to 1742 ng l-1 were measured in the coastal upwelling region and a progressive decline was monitored along the 1670 km offshore transect to oligotrophic waters at 8°N. Divinyl chlorophyll a was not detected along this transect except at the two most southerly stations where prochlorophytes were estimated to contribute 25–30% to the total chlorophyll a. Inshore, the dominance of fucoxanthin and/or hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin indicated that diatoms and prymnesiophytes generally dominated the patchy phytoplankton community, with zeaxanthin-containing Synechococcus also being important, especially in surface waters. At the southern oligotrophic localities, Synechococcus and prochlorophytes dominated the upper 40 m and prymnesiophytes were the most prominent at the deep chlorophyll maximum. During the inter-monsoon season, total chlorophyll a concentrations were generally half those measured in September and highest levels were found on the shelf (1170 ng l-1). Divinyl chlorophyll a was detected at all stations along the Arabian Sea transect, and we estimated that prochlorophytes contributed between 3 and 28% to the total chlorophyll a, while at the two oligotrophic stations this proportion increased to 51–52%. While procaryotes were more important in November/December than September, eucaryotes still accounted for >50% of the total chlorophyll a. Pigment/total chlorophyll a ratios indicated that 19′-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin-containing prymnesiophytes were the dominant group, although procaryotes accounted for 65% at the two southerly oligotrophic stations. 相似文献
19.
The picophytoplankton evolved to become extremely effective harvesters of light and, thus, dominating productivity in the open ocean. In this study, their distribution in relation to the underwater light field was examined in the Azores Front region of the North Atlantic. In this region, attenuation coefficients of downward irradiance varied between 0.038 and 0.065 m− 1. Maximum absorptions were at the red and green parts of the light spectrum, typical of the oligotrophic ocean. The euphotic zone ranged from 70 to 120 m. The deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) was found at depths where subsurface light ranged between 0.1 and 1% of its surface values. Prochlorococcus was the dominant phytoplankton group while Synechococcus (cyanobacteria) and picoeukaryotes were much less abundant. The ability of chlorophyll to absorb light, i.e., the absorption coefficient of chlorophyll (a⁎), was found to be dependent on the photoacclimation of the cells and was lower at low-light intensities. Due to a packaging effect and probable pigment changes, a⁎ at the DCM was the lowest while the chlorophyll per Prochlorococcus cell was the highest. This is a major adaptation of the picophytoplankton to low light (less than 1% surface light), which allows them to bloom at the DCM. This study indicates that the Atlantic Ocean models for the estimation of phytoplankton concentration and/or primary production should not use a constant carbon biomass-to-chlorophyll ratio for phytoplankton based on phytoplankton size, and should take into account the variation in chlorophyll-absorption ability. 相似文献
20.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):515-525
Depth-integrated chlorophyll a in the upper 30 m is used as an index of phytoplankton biomass. Mean concentrations of chlorophyll a (1971–1989) were calculated for half-degree rectangles of latitude and longitude within the 500 m isobath off the South African coast. These data were used to estimate median and mean concentrations and coefficients of variance for different seasons and geographical strata (i.e. inshore and offshore regions of the continental shelf along the West, Cape and South coasts). Offshore, longshore and seasonal differences in the distribution of phytoplankton biomass in the Benguela/Agulhas system were tested for statistical significance. 相似文献