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1.
众所周知,在电解质溶液及电化学研究中,人们总是把通常浓度的盐酸和高氯酸当作非缔合电解质[1-6]。近期,继文献[7]报道了用电导法测定Cl-与Na+和K+的缔合常数以后,K.S.Johnson和R.M.Pytkowicz认为H+与Cl-有缔合,他们求算了其化学计量缔合常数,并在其改进的海水化学模型中考虑了H+、Na+、K+与Cl-的缔合作用[8,9]。然而,苏联作者对在海水中形成MgCl+和CaCl+离子对提出了异议[10]。我们用有液界电池电动势法和无液界电池电动势法试图测定HCl°的化学计量缔合常数,根据实验结果着重探讨了H+与Cl-有无缔合的问题。 相似文献
2.
本文第1部分中,我们用一种比较简捷的方法,导出了海洋化学中直线自由能关系。通过海洋化学中若干重要体系的实验数据,验证了海洋化学中直线自由能关系的客观存在。它们是海水元素溶存形式(海水化学模型)中A-Cl,A-OH,A-SO_3,A-CO,A-F等离子对稳定常数之间的直线自由能关系,海水中金属和有机物质(hum)相互作用的稳定常数与海水化学模型的稳定常数之间的直线自由能关系。本文中我们进一步研究海水 相似文献
3.
近代发展的离子选择电极为电化学研究提供了方便,用其组成无液界电池可测定一些电解质溶液的活度系数。通常浓度的高氯酸具有非缔合电解质的性质,它对于电化学溶液理论及电分析化学实验研究均有一定的意义。在海水化学模型专题研究中,曾利用其非缔合性质探讨一些离子的缔合作用。高氯酸的活度系数已有报道,但早期用 相似文献
4.
本文研究了海水中碳酸根在固体粒子上的吸附。碳酸根在各种因素颗粒物上的吸附程度上大小顺序为：赤铁矿〉δ－ＭｎＯ２〉水锰矿〉ＳｉＯ２,最大吸附量可达到约２ｍｇＣ／ｇ吸附剂,且最大吸附值均在天然海水ｐＨ（ｐＨ８）左右。在低ＰＨ时,碳酸根对ＮａＣｌ介质中砷酸根的吸附没有影响,在高ｐＨ时,则降低了砷酸根在固体颗粒物上的吸附量,因此碳酸根的存在对其他阴离子的吸附会产生竞争作用。 相似文献
5.
近代发展的离子选择电极为电化学研究提供了方便，用其组成无液界电池可测定一些电解质溶液的活度系数。通常浓度的高氯酸具有非缔合电解质的性质，它对于电化学溶液理论及电分析化学实验研究均有一定的意义。在海水化学模型专题研究中，曾利用其非缔合性质探讨一些离子的缔合作用[1]。 相似文献
6.
海洋沉积物中浮游有孔虫壳体重量同时受到上层海洋钙化过程和深海碳酸钙溶解作用的影响，是一种潜在的古海洋代用指标。基于全球大洋表层沉积物的指标现代过程校准，发现当深海碳酸根离子饱和度<20μmol·kg-1，溶解作用开始显著影响浮游有孔虫壳体重量。易溶种的壳体重量对碳酸根离子饱和度的响应更加敏感，可以作为可靠的深海碳酸根离子饱和度代用指标。当深海碳酸根离子饱和度>20μmol·kg-1，浮游有孔虫壳体重量可反映其钙化程度。基于该指标的古海洋学研究揭示了冰期旋回中浮游有孔虫钙化过程主要响应海水碳酸盐系统和温度变化；上新世以来太平洋深海碳酸根离子饱和度演化主要受控于海平面、南大洋冰盖/海冰和全球温盐环流变化。浮游有孔虫壳体重量指标为探索海洋碳循环演化提供了有力工具。 相似文献
7.
南海东北部海区碳酸钙的饱和面、溶跃面和补偿深度 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
南海东北部碳酸钙地球化学研究得出:上层海水中方解石饱和度450—550％,文石饱和度250—350％.300m以深下层海水方解石与文石饱和度和深度的对数直线相关.深层水中二氧化碳含量0.03mmo1·dm~-3,碳酸根含量0.094mmol·dm~(-3),碳酸氢根含量2.35mmol·dm~(-3)总二氧化碳2.48mmo1·dm~(-3);方解石的饱和面1630m,溶跃面3000m,补偿深度4600m,文石饱和面435m,补偿深度1000m. 相似文献
8.
本文对近十年来海洋化学的若干新进展作了总结,主要包括下述7方面:(1)海洋调查,包括中国近海、太平洋和南极等;(2)海水中微量元素-固体粒子的相互作用和界面分级离子/配位子交换理论;(3)有机物对液-固界面交换的影响和S-型曲线左右移动规律;(4)海水化学模型发展的三个新趋势;(5)海水中金属的络合容量和金属-天然有机配位体络合物的条件稳定常数;(6)海洋有机化学和海洋生物化学;(7)结论,对海洋化学发展的四个特点作了分析和讨论。 相似文献
9.
海水中银-卤化银固溶体参比电极 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据化学海洋学中海水组成保守性和固-液平衡原理,以及海水中银的溶存形式,计算并合成了与天然海水中卤离子呈热力学平衡的卤化银固溶体。以该固溶体作为活性材料制成的全固态银-卤化银电极,对海水中氯离子活度具有理想的Nernst响应。在天然海水中浸泡近四年(1986.1—1989.11)的结果表明,该电极具有良好的化学稳定性和电化学稳定性且不存在电势漂移和光敏现象,是比常规的银-氯化银电极更为理想的参比电极,已成功地用作海洋构筑物阴极保护系统的长寿命参比电极。 相似文献
10.
海水中微量元素存在形式的模拟计算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文用模拟数值方法，引用Ｄａｖｉｅｓ离子强度校正方程和热力学稳定常数，计算了海水中Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ和Ｈｇ的无机和有机络合物的百分比含量，从理论上探讨了重金属化学形式的规律。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
17.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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19.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
20.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献