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1.
几种大型海藻对赤潮异弯藻生长抑制效应的初步研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
利用共存培养系统研究了大型海藻缘管浒苔、刚毛藻、石花菜、鸭毛藻、扇形拟伊藻、蜈蚣藻、海黍子、脆江蓠对赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)生长的抑制效应并和孔石莼的作用进行比较。实验指出：孔石莼和缘管浒苔对赤潮异弯藻的抑制效应最强，石花菜次之；扇形拟伊藻、蜈蚣藻、刚毛藻、脆江蓠、海黍子虽表现出抑制作用但较差；鸭毛藻的抑制效应最弱。 相似文献
2.
秦皇岛海域属于我国渤海区域典型的大型海藻分布区,该海区资源丰富,在我国大型海藻区系中占有较为重要的位置。于2021年秋季在该海域采集石花菜(Gelidium amansii)样品进行活体培养,对其藻体附生的其他季节大型海藻的状况加以观察研究。通过实验生物学方法对石花菜附生藻生殖特征和生态习性进行了观察,结合附生藻形态特征进行物种分类鉴定。经过培养与鉴定,确定该水域石花菜的附生大型海藻共有7种,其中红藻4种,即丛出旋体藻(Audouinelladaviesii)、旋体藻(Auduinella sp.)、茎丝藻小枝变型(Stylonema alsidii f. ramosum)和日本新管藻(Neosiphonia japonica);绿藻2种,即苍白刚毛藻(Cladophora albida)和浒苔[Enteromorpha (Ulva) prolifera];蓝藻1种,即丝状鞘丝藻(Lyngbya confervoides);丛出旋体藻、茎丝藻小枝变型和苍白刚毛藻为河北海域的新记录物种。研究结果表明,室内人工培养可作为个体微小的附生大型海藻分类鉴定的有效补充方法,也能为分子鉴定提供纯净的... 相似文献
3.
采用室内培养实验方法,研究了褐藻海黍子(Sargassum muticum)和红藻脆江蓠(Gracilaria chouae)在不同质量浓度的锌和镉溶液里15 d,藻体的生长和体内金属离子含量的变化。结果表明:两种藻的生长速率与暴露溶液金属质量浓度呈负相关,藻体内积累金属离子的量和溶液的金属质量浓度呈正相关,藻体内金属离子的含量均在培养3 d后显著增加,且随着培养时间的延长而持续增加。海黍子和脆江蓠对重金属Zn~(2+)的富集能力明显高于对Cd~(2+)的富集能力,在相同条件下,海黍子对重金属Zn~(2+),Cd~(2+)的积累量明显高于脆江蓠。以上研究结果对利用藻类修复重金属污染的海洋水体能起到一定的指导和参考作用。 相似文献
4.
福建红树林区4种海藻的营养成分 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
主要对福建红树林区4种海藻(扁浒苔Enteromorpha compressa,混合卷枝藻Bostrychia mixta,鹧鸪菜Caloglossa leprieurii,节附链藻Catenella impudica)的营养元素和氨基酸含量等进行研究.结果表明:(1)福建红树林区 4种海藻Fe,Mn含量显著高于一般海藻的平均浓度;Ca含量则普遍低于一般海藻的平均浓度;P,K,Mg含量则高于或低于一般海藻的平均浓度;(2)福建红树林区4种海藻总氨基酸含量(TAA)由高到低依次为(干重):扁浒苔265.89mg/g,混合卷枝藻211.96mg/g,鹧鸪菜189.53mg/g,节附链藻111.10mg/g;而必需氨基酸含量(EAA)由高到低依次为:混合卷枝藻87.42mg/g,扁浒苔82.92mg/g,鹧鸪菜73.62mg/g,节附链藻34.41mg/g;(3)在3和6月,对生长在秋茄板状根上和岩石面上的鹧鸪菜营养成分比较,前者的总氨基酸和必需氨基酸含量均大于后者;而元素含量则有不同变化. 相似文献
5.
绿潮藻浒苔对赤潮藻中肋骨条藻化感抑制作用初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了绿潮藻浒苔Ulva prolifera对赤潮藻中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum生长的化感抑制作用。分别测定了不同浒苔新鲜藻体密度、不同浒苔藻体干粉末含量、不同浒苔新鲜藻体培养过滤液体积对中肋骨条藻生长的抑制效果。结果发现,第12天共培养系统中,各浒苔新鲜藻体密度组对中肋骨条藻生长抑制率均高达100%,其中5g·L-1密度组第8天对中肋骨条藻生长的抑制已达到100%;第12天1.2g·L-1浒苔藻体干粉末含量组对中肋骨条藻生长抑制率也可达到50%左右,表明绿潮藻浒苔对中肋骨条藻生长抑制作用具有量效关系,且对中肋骨条藻生长不仅存在营养竞争抑制作用,而且还具有化感物质抑制作用。进一步采用添加浒苔新鲜藻体培养过滤液实验发现,一次性添加浒苔培养过滤液对中肋骨条藻生长抑制作用不十分明显,而半连续添加浒苔培养过滤液对中肋骨条藻生长抑制效果十分明显,其中第12天对中肋骨条藻生长抑制可达75%左右,可见浒苔藻体内的化感物质是逐步向环境中分泌的。该研究为进一步研究绿潮藻对赤潮藻化感抑制效应量效关系奠定了基础。 相似文献
6.
浒苔脂肪酸前处理方法优化及GC/MS 分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对绿潮藻的快速化学溯源及资源化利用,以浒苔为对象,对其脂肪酸测定过程进行了研究;同时,通过对浒苔脂肪酸的皂化和甲酯化试剂、水浴温度和水浴时间等反应条件的优化,建立了绿潮藻脂肪酸前处理新方法。该方法的精密度在0.38%~3.25%之间,重现性在0.65%~5.80%之间;采用该方法测定福建、江苏和青岛的浒苔脂肪酸含量分别为0.10~5.69 mg/g、0.16~8.59 mg/g、0.10~4.76 mg/g。此方法可适用于浒苔等绿潮藻脂肪酸的实际测定。 相似文献
7.
我国黄海绿潮是目前世界上发生规模最大的绿潮灾害。浒苔(Ulva prolifera)由于其独特的生物学特性,在与其他海藻竞争中占据明显优势,导致暴发性生长从而形成浒苔绿潮。目前迫切需要验证并完善有效可行的漂浮浒苔藻体健康评价体系,来判断其生长状态、健康状况及增殖潜力。文章研究了黄海青岛海域漂浮绿潮藻浒苔光合作用的基本特性,并评价了其健康状况的等级。根据藻体状态对应其颜色和最大光量子产量(Fv/Fm)的差异,对2016年6—7月青岛近岸海域的漂浮浒苔藻体健康状态等级进行了测定和评价,发现各采样站位的浒苔藻体处于以下3个不同等级:Ⅱ级亚健康藻体,其Fv/Fm最高出现在站位L24,仅为0.66;Ⅲ级半健康藻体,其Fv/Fm最高出现在L2,为0.59;Ⅳ级衰老藻体,其Fv/Fm最高出现在L1,仅为0.40。其中,6月各采样站位主要以Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级藻体为主;而7月各站位主要以Ⅳ级藻体为主。结果表明,漂浮至青岛海域的绿潮藻浒苔大多状态较差,趋于衰亡,不能健康存活。研究处于不同时期漂浮浒苔藻体的光合生理参数,筛选合适的评价指标,并试用于绿潮监测和评价业务化工作中,对于今后确立黄海漂浮浒苔藻体健康评价方法以及预测绿潮发展趋势具有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
随着海水养殖业迅速发展,食用海产品重金属(如Cu、Cd等)超标问题日益突出。作为提取藻胶原材料及海洋养殖动物饲料的细基江蓠,可以大规模生长在海水池塘养殖区,有望用于该水域重金属污染的生物修复。本实验通过研究细基江蓠(Gracilaria tenuistipitata)在5个不同Cu2+浓度梯度(0、0.05、0.2、0.8、2.0mg/L)环境下的自身生长状况,及其对Cu2+的吸收富集情况,初步探究了细基江蓠对海水池塘养殖区Cu2+的生物修复能力。实验结果显示细基江蓠对Cu2+有较强的耐受性和吸收富集能力,在0.8mg/L Cu2+浓度下细基江蓠既能保证正常生长,又能吸附水体中最大量的Cu2+。 相似文献
9.
《海洋湖沼通报》2017,(3)
本文以江蓠为材料,研究了在温度为5~25℃,重金属浓度为1~100μg/L的环境条件下,江蓠对铜、铅、镉的吸收和富集能力,并测定了在这些环境条件下江蓠生长速率、光合速率和光合作用色素的变化。结果表明江蓠对重金属铜、铅、镉有较强的富集能力,在实验条件下,随着海水重金属浓度的增加江蓠对铜、铅、镉的累积量也显著增加。江蓠对铜、铅、镉的富集系数最高分别可以达到2767、5149和1165。在实验的重金属浓度范围内江蓠的生长速率、光合速率、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均处于正常的水平。研究结果表明在排污混合区利用人工养殖的江蓠净化和修复海水中的重金属污染具有显著的作用。 相似文献
10.
刚毛藻在半咸水中对汞的累积 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
于1982年以刚毛藻为材料测定了其在汉沽污水库中对汞的累积量,现场测定和室内试验结果表明:(1)刚毛藻(Cladophora)对汞毒性的耐受力较强,在1.0mg/L以下汞培养液中经48h生长正常;(2)在汞浓度分别为0.2,0.5,1.0,2.0,5.0mg/L半咸水培养液中,经48h刚毛藻汞含量由0.021mg/kg分别上升到60.0,128.0,240.0,325.0,420.0mg/kg,其累积量随水环境中汞浓度的增加而增加;(3)浓缩系数最高为8×10~3;(4)死藻积累汞的趋势与活藻近似,惟程度差些;(5)10g刚毛藻经48h使5L 0.2—5.0mg/L汞培养液平均去除率达72.3％;(6)刚毛藻在半咸水中去汞能力略高于在淡水中。 相似文献
11.
Oceanology - The concentration of trace elements (Fe, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cd, and As) through the planktonic food chain of the White Sea have been studied with an experimental approach. The... 相似文献
12.
Bustamante P González AF Rocha F Miramand P Guerra A 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(2):278-287
This study investigated 14 trace elements (Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V and Zn) in the tissues of the giant squid Architeuthis dux from the Mediterranean and Atlantic Spanish waters. As for other families of cephalopods, the digestive gland and the branchial hearts of Architeuthis showed the highest concentrations of Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Se, V and Zn, highlighting their major role in the bioaccumulation and detoxification processes. With the exception of Hg, the muscles showed relatively low trace element concentrations. Nevertheless, this tissue contained the main proportion of the total As, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, and Zn body burden because muscles represent the main proportion of the squid mass. These findings suggest that the metal metabolism is overall the same as other cephalopod families from neritic waters. In females, Zn concentrations increased in the digestive gland with the squid's weight likely reflecting physiological changes during sexual maturation. Comparing the trace element concentrations in the tissues of Architeuthis, higher Ag, Cu, Hg and Zn concentrations in the squid from the Mediterranean reflected different exposure conditions. In comparison to other meso-pelagic squids from the Bay of Biscay, Cd concentrations recorded in the digestive gland suggest that Architeuthis might feed on more contaminated prey or that it displays a longer life span that other cephalopods. 相似文献
13.
以连云港市对虾养殖池表层沉积物为研究对象,采用Tessier连续萃取法,研究了表层沉积物中重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Mn)的赋存形态和酶(脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、转化酶)活性的相关性。结果表明,重金属Cu和Zn以有机-硫化物结合态为主要的赋存形态,Pb以铁锰氧化物态为主要的赋存形态,Cd以可交换态(平均33.47%)和碳酸盐结合态(平均31.16%)为主要存在形态,Cr和As主要以残渣态存在,Mn的铁锰氧化物态比例最高。脲酶的活性范围为0.45—8.96mg/(g·24h),碱性磷酸酶活性范围为2.45—6.69mg/(g·24h),过氧化氢酶活性范围为0.14—2.36m L/(g·min),转化酶活性范围为0.45—10.45mg/(g·24h)。脲酶活性与Cd、As的可交换态、Cd的碳酸盐结合态、Cu、As的铁锰氧化物态、Zn、Pb、Cd、Mn的有机硫化物态之间显著相关;碱性磷酸酶活性与Zn、Cd的铁锰氧化物态显著相关;过氧化氢酶活性与Cd的可交换态、碳酸盐结合态及残渣态、Cu、Cd、As的铁锰氧化物态、Zn、Pb、Cd、Mn的有机硫结合态之间显著相关;转化酶活性与Cu、Cd、As的可交换态、Cd的碳酸盐结合态、Cu、Cd、As的铁锰氧化物态、Zn、Pb、Cd、Mn的有机硫化物态、Cd、As的残渣态之间显著相关。酶活性可以用来指示海水养殖池沉积物中重金属的形态转化过程。 相似文献
14.
Trace metals in seawater and copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern Taiwan coast 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The distribution, partitioning and concentrations of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) in seawater, including dissolved and particulate phases, and in copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern coast of Taiwan were investigated. Normalization of metal concentrations to the background metal concentration to yield relative enrichment factors (EF), which were used to evaluate the contamination of dissolved and particulate trace metals in seawater around the ocean outfall. The EF results indicated that the outfall area was significantly contaminated by dissolved Fe and Zn, and by particulate Fe, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. In addition, most trace metals were chiefly in the particulate phase. The average percentage of total metal concentrations (dissolved plus particulate phases) bound by suspended particulate matter followed the sequence Al(95%) = Mn(95%) > Pb(88%) > Cu(86%) > Fe(72%) > Zn(32%) > Cr(17.5%) > Cd(3.4%). Therefore, metal contamination is better evaluated in solid phase than in the dissolved phase. The concentration ranges of trace metals in the copepods, Temora turbinata, Oncaea venusta and Euchaeta rimana, near the outfall were: Cd, 0.23-1.81 microg g(-1); Cr, 16.5-195 microg g(-1); Cu, 14-160 microg g(-1); Fe, 256-7255 microg g(-1); Mn, 5.5-80.8 microg g(-1); Pb, 2.6-56.2 microg g(-1); Zn, 132-3891 microg g(-1); and Al, 0.21-1.13%. Aluminum, and probably Fe, seemed to be the major elements in copepods. The concentrations of trace metals in copepods, especially Temora turbinata, near the outfall were generally higher than those obtained in the background station. The mean increase in bioconcentration factor of metals in copepods ranged from 4 to 7 and followed the sequence Al(6.4) > Cu(6.2) > Fe(6.0) > Zn(5.7) > Pb(5.6) > Cr(5.5) > Cd(5.1) > Mn(4.7). Therefore, marine copepods in the waters of northern Taiwan can accumulate trace metals over background concentrations and act as contamination indicators. 相似文献
15.
Concentrations of trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Se, and Zn) were determined in the livers, kidneys, muscles, intestines,
and hearts of twelve long-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus capensis) from the East Sea, Korea, in 2006. All specimens were entangled in various commercial fishing nets or traps and as such
are recorded as by-catch. The concentrations of Cu, Hg, Se, and Zn were much higher in the liver than in the kidney, muscle,
intestine, or heart. Trace metals that accumulated in the liver were, in descending order: Zn > Hg > Cd > Se > Cu > As > Cr
> Pb. In contrast, the concentration of Cd was higher in the kidney than in any other organs. The trace metals accumulated
in the kidney were, in descending order: Cd > Zn > Cu > Hg > Se > As > Pb > Cr. No significant differences were found in the
concentrations of As, Cr, or Pb in all the tissues examined. 相似文献
16.
Fourteen trace elements (Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, and Zn) were analyzed in livers and muscles from 22 fish species from the New Caledonia lagoon, which is subjected to important chemical inputs due to intense land-based mining activities (New Caledonia is the third largest world producer of Ni). The results of this baseline research indicated that livers generally concentrated trace elements to a greater extent than muscles. Nevertheless, the overall trace element concentrations in both tissues were barely above the levels reported in fish and thus contamination at the local scale was poorly discriminated. Although these levels were low, preliminary risk assessment from a global health standpoint suggests that As would be an element potentially leading to exposure of concern for fish consumers. Based on the trace element concentrations in livers and the fish trophic preferences, some trends have been observed among trophic groups: Ag, Cu, Fe, Hg, and Zn concentrations were generally higher in liver of fish with the highest trophic position whereas Cd concentrations were lower in these groups. The use of the leopard coral grouper Plectropomus leopardus as a resident top predator allowed determining the geographical variations in contamination levels with significant differences for six out of the fourteen elements investigated. The sampling sites influenced by anthropogenic inputs were revealed by high Ag, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb concentrations. Such geographic differences also applied to Zn but surprisingly not for the typical elements associated with Ni mining, i.e., Co, Cr, Mn and Ni. 相似文献
17.
用Zeeman－5000型原子吸收分光光度计火焰法测定了上海滨岸潮滩沉积物中Cu、Pb、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cr的总量及其5种地球化学形态含量，发现根际沉积物中的重金属含量一般低于表层沉积物，但在重金属含量水平上，均为Fe＞＞Mn＞Zn＞Cu，Pb，Cr；单因子方差分析表明重金属在根限沉积物中存在显著的季节变化（p＜0.05＝，Cu、Pb、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cr在高潮滩芦苇根限沉积物中的含量均在夏、秋季出现最低值或次低值，在中潮滩海三棱Biao草根际沉积物中的季节含量随采样地点不同而变化，但与同一地点表层沉积物中的含量相关性很好，除Cr（r＝0．18）外，相关系数（r）分别达到0．77、0．74、0．65、0．84、0．77；Cu、Fe、Zn、Cr在沉积物中均以残渣态含量为主，Pb、Mn的碳酸盐结合态含量较高，秋季各重金属元素的碳酸盐结合态与铁锰氧化物结合态之间发生形态上的迁移与转化。 相似文献
18.
粤西湛江港海底沉积物重金属的分布特征与来源 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2004年9月23日至10月5日对湛江港海洋沉积物中金属元素的含量及分布进行了调查。共采集样品20个,采用王水-氢氟酸消解,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定样品中的金属元素As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Al、Ca、Fe、Mg和Mn。结果发现,湛江港大多数区域的沉积物未受污染,但霞山区港务局码头附近海域受到Cd、Cu和Pb的轻度污染,特呈岛养殖区也受到Cu的轻度污染。主成分分析结果表明,Al、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Ni、Pb和Zn主要通过陆源输入进入近岸水域的沉积相中,Ca、As、Mg和Mn主要通过海洋环境中水相和沉积相的相互作用进入沉积相中。结合其它调查结果认为,湛江港的Cd污染在水相、沉积相和生物相中均已存在,应引起有关部门的高度重视。 相似文献
19.
Sediments collected from 3 onshore-offshore transects (12 stations total) in the Eastern Mississippi Bight at 5 different times during 1987–1988 have been analyzed for total Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Th and Zn. The data show considerable variation both spatially and temporally, largely as a result of natural variability in grain size and mineralogy. Clay-rich samples from deep water were always more metal-rich than sandy samples from shallow areas. Many samples from near the Mississippi River Delta appeared to be enriched in Ba by about a factor of two, probably as a result of contamination from oil well drilling mud, but there were few other indications of pollution influences. Many samples from throughout the area gave Mn/Fe and Cd/Fe ratios a factor of two or more lower than their Mississippi River source material. This shows that biochemical activity in the sediment is capable of solubilizing reducible and adsorbed metals. 相似文献
20.
This paper presents the geochemical study of sediments along Ube, Suo-Oshima, and Kasado Bays in the Seto Inland Sea of Japan. We examined the distribution and abundances of 13 elements (As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Sr, Ca, Fe, Ti, P, Mn, and total S) in 40 coastal and river sediment samples, to evaluate the factors controlling their abundances, possible sources, and environmental implications. Average concentrations of As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr at Ube were 12, 26, 86, 16, 43, and 92?mg/kg, 6, 25, 31, 8, 9, and 29?mg/kg at Kasado, and 5, 20, 28, 3, 5, and 18?mg/kg at Suo-Oshima, respectively. Average As, Pb, Zn, and Cr concentrations at Ube were comparable or enriched relative to those of the upper continental crust and Japan upper crust, whereas most major elements, Cu, and Ni were depleted at Kasado and Suo-Oshima. Enrichment factor values show low to moderate enrichment of Zn, Ni, and Cr, whereas As and Pb show significant contamination at some sites, suggesting contributions from anthropogenic sources. Anthropogenic contributions of most metals mainly originate from natural processes; however, As and Pb ranges of 73–79 and 66–81?%, respectively, confirm their anthropogenic contribution. Factor analysis and correlation matrices suggest that elevated metal concentrations at Ube, especially in samples located in the river basin, may be controlled by Fe–Mn oxy-hydroxides. Deposition of metals at Kasado and Suo-Oshima might be controlled by non-ferrous metal (i.e., aluminosilicates), sediment grain size, or source rock composition (granite and gneiss). 相似文献