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江苏－山东沿岸大型绿藻微观繁殖体时空分布特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究暴发浒苔绿潮的黄海近岸水体中大型绿藻微观繁殖体时空分布和种群演替，以及绿潮对海域繁殖体群落结构的影响，本研究在江苏－山东沿岸设置4个站位，开展周年取样调查研究。通过室内培养和分子检测结合的方法，共鉴定出6种大型绿藻:缘管浒苔(Ulva linza)、浒苔(U. prolifera)、扁浒苔(U. compressa)、孔石莼(U. pertusa)、未命名种(Ulva sp.) 和盘苔(Blidingia sp.)。定量研究结果表明，各站位微观繁殖体丰度和种类组成具有明显时空变化特征，苏北浅滩与青岛近岸周年绿藻微观繁殖体丰度明显高于连云港燕尾港和日照岚山港站位；各站位丰度呈双峰型波动，春季到初夏达最高，秋季为次高峰，其他季节丰度较低。群落结构组成研究表明，苏北浅滩周年存在较高丰度的浒苔微观繁殖体(平均为77株/L)，其中造成黄海大规模绿潮的“漂浮生态型”浒苔占绝对优势，年均占浒苔微观繁殖体总数的75.7%；青岛近岸微观繁殖体种类组成波动显著，在夏季大规模浒苔绿潮到达时，优势种从缘管浒苔转变成浒苔，其中，“漂浮生态型”浒苔微观繁殖体数量急剧上升，并在绿潮消退时快速消失。对比研究显示，苏北浅滩海域是浒苔微观繁殖体“栖息地”，对维持浒苔种群、造成绿潮连年暴发具有重要作用；青岛近岸微观繁殖体群落受到大规模漂浮浒苔的季节性扰动，其组成结构在绿潮暴发期发生显著变化。 相似文献
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浒苔(Ulva prolifera)引起的大规模绿潮起源于黄海南部,在向北迁移过程中生物量迅速扩增,在海州湾附近(35°N左右)迅速增加达到峰值。在绿潮漂浮迁移过程中,海水表层温度、溶解无机氮(dissolved inorganic nitrogen,DIN)和磷酸盐(PO43-P-)变化显著。本文以迁移过程中的浒苔为研究对象,分析了环境要素变化与浒苔藻体的生物学特征间的关系。结果显示,随着绿潮的漂浮迁移,浒苔藻体光系统Ⅱ最大光化学量子产量Fv/Fm从0.7逐渐降低至0.45左右,光系统Ⅱ实际光化学量子产量Y(Ⅱ)从0.55逐渐降至0.25左右;硝酸还原酶活性(nitrate reductase activity,NRA)从2.7μmol/L NO2-/(mg·h)降至0.5μmol/L NO2-/(mg·h)左右;生殖分配率(RA)从15%逐渐上升至50%左右。相关性分析表明,DIN与浒苔藻体的生物学特征相关性呈极显著,表明在漂浮迁移中,DIN对浒苔的生物学特征至关重要。温度对浒苔藻体光合活性和NRA的影响极显著;光照强度对浒苔藻体光合活性的影响极显著,对NRA的影响显著;盐度和PO43--P显著影响浒苔藻体的光合活性和NRA,而这四种环境要素与浒苔形成生殖细胞的相关性不显著。本文认为,绿潮漂浮迁移过程中,浒苔藻体光合活性、营养盐吸收等生物学特征对环境中DIN的变化响应最敏感,其他环境要素对浒苔藻体的影响程度大小依次为温度、PO43--P、盐度和光照强度。绿潮漂浮迁移过程中环境要素的变化直接影响了浒苔的生长与生殖,尤其是海州湾附近(35°N左右)是浒苔藻体状态改变的分水岭。 相似文献
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黄海绿潮发生过程监测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文综合采用船舶和MODIS-TERRA卫星遥感监测手段对2015年绿潮发生过程进行全程监视,并系统地调查了南黄海绿潮藻显微繁殖体分布情况。船舶监测结果显示,4月份,零星漂浮状绿潮藻在南黄海如东海域首次出现,组成种类包括浒苔(U.prolifera)、曲浒苔(U.flexuosa)和缘管浒苔(U.linza),之后,绿潮逐步呈现块状分布和大规模带状分布特征,同时逐步向大丰、射阳和滨海等黄海中部海域漂移,并且漂移过程中绿潮藻种类逐渐减少,射阳与滨海未发现除浒苔(U.prolifera)外的其他绿潮藻。卫星遥感监测结果与船舶监测相类似,5月19日,卫星遥感首次在盐城近岸海域监测到小规模漂浮绿潮,之后绿潮分布面积与覆盖面积迅速增大,并向北漂移至山东半岛近岸,覆盖与分布面积峰值分别为594 km~2和52700km~2;直至7月中下旬,绿潮逐渐消亡。南黄海显微繁殖体分布特征与绿潮漂移轨迹相吻合,且3-7月份南黄海显微繁殖体均由浒苔(U.prolifera)、曲浒苔(U.flexuosa)和缘管浒苔(U.linza)组成,3月至5月份,显微繁殖体核心密集区主要分布在南黄海江苏近岸海域的辐射沙洲区域,其分布峰值高达960 ind·L~(-1);随着绿潮向北漂移,6月份显微繁殖体核心密集区亦逐步向北移动,于射阳海域达到峰值(308 ind·L~(-1))。本研究较为清楚地描述了黄海绿潮年度发生过程,为进一步揭示黄海绿潮快速暴发机制和周期性规律提供基础。 相似文献
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近几年来在我国青岛海域连续暴发的浒苔绿潮造成了巨大的经济损失并且破坏了近海海洋生态系统平衡。因此,浒苔绿潮受到了越来越多的关注。本研究重点关注了绿潮暴发期间不同海域浒苔藻体生理特征和孢子囊形成情况。研究发现,不同海域里浒苔藻体生理特征差异显著,孢子囊比例显著不同,并且观察到漂浮浒苔的原位萌发。2017年5月中旬,我们在苏北浅滩紫菜养殖区域(33.78°N,121.29°E)对筏架绠绳上生长的绿藻,退潮后滩涂散落的绿藻和涨潮时海面上漂浮的绿藻进行为期5天的野外采集。另外,在2017年6月随科考船对浒苔暴发海域的浒苔样本进行采集。采集范围在(33.5°—36.5°N, 120°—124°E)。结果表明,从低纬度到高纬度,浒苔F_v/F_m(光系统Ⅱ最大光化学量子产量)值从0.65逐渐降低至0.3左右;YⅡ(光系统Ⅱ实时光化学量子产量)值也从最高0.5左右降低至最低0.1。此外,定生浒苔F_v/F_m值为0.6—0.8左右,明显高于漂浮浒苔; YⅡ值也有类似趋势。在孢子囊形成比例方面,定生浒苔约有5%藻体形成了孢子囊,而漂浮浒苔中孢子囊形成比例达到20%。数据表明,低纬度区域为浒苔来源地,浒苔生理活性良好,孢子囊形成比例低。随着浒苔往北漂移,其生理活性降低。并且,漂浮浒苔孢子囊形成比例显著性高于定生浒苔。本文认为,浒苔脱离来源区后,孢子囊的快速形成、成熟和孢子释放以及孢子的原位萌发是浒苔生物量激增的重要原因。 相似文献
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自2007年以来，黄海海域已连续爆发大规模浒苔绿潮并造成了严重的经济损失。在苏北浅滩条斑紫菜养殖筏架上的定生浒苔被认为是漂浮绿潮藻的主要来源。然而，现阶段对筏架定生绿藻的种源基础并不清楚。因此，在本研究中，我们通过现场调查结合室内试验来揭示了筏架定生绿藻的繁殖体源。同时，为了对黄海大规模绿潮进行防控，我们对防止绿藻在紫菜养殖筏架的附着做了相关研究。结果表明，（1）包括浒苔、缘管浒苔、扁浒苔、曲浒苔以及盘苔这五种海藻的微观繁殖体共同存在于苏北浅滩海域的水体及沉积物中，而且在不同时期它们的比例变化明显。（2）经过去皮处理后的毛竹可明显抑制浒苔微观繁殖体的附着。通过本研究，我们明确分布于苏北浅滩海域的绿藻微观繁殖体是黄海大规模绿潮的种源基础。同时，我们为从源头防控黄海大规模绿潮的发生提供了一个可行的手段。 相似文献
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2009-2010年黄海绿潮起源与发生过程调查研究 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
绿潮是我国近海一种新型的海洋生态灾害,自2007年以来,每年5-7月在黄海海域周期性暴发与消亡,给沿海地区造成不同的环境影响和经济损失。本文基于2009-2010年黄海绿潮潜在起源区和绿潮发生过程的海上连续跟踪观测资料,对黄海浒苔绿潮的起源和发生发展过程进行了分析。结果表明,2009年和2010年黄海漂浮绿潮藻均首先发现于江苏南通小洋口外的太阳岛附近,随后,在小洋口至大丰港的近岸海域逐渐出现漂浮绿藻,并随时间逐渐向北漂移,分布面积和生物量均不断增大。不同年份间,黄海浒苔绿潮具有相似的发生发展过程,主要可以分为绿潮藻漂浮发生阶段、绿潮藻聚集阶段以及规模性绿潮形成阶段;但绿潮的发生时间、发生规模和漂移路径有所差异;2009年绿潮漂移线路为逐渐远离海岸线,而2010年绿潮藻的漂移路径基本为平行于海岸线;温度升高与绿潮暴发具有明显相关性。 相似文献
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为研究不同盐度、温度及光照对漂浮浒苔生理生态的影响,我们将实验室内培养的浒苔置于不同盐度、不同温度及不同光照强度条件下培养,测定藻体光合参数。不同盐度条件下,对浒苔叶绿素荧光参数测定结果表明,在盐度为0的条件下,浒苔样品实际量子效率Fv/Fm快速降低,随后Fv/Fm维持在较低水平,在盐度10‰~40‰范围内,在前5天各处理样品Fv/Fm没有明显变化,之后样品Fv/Fm有不同程度的降低。不同实验温度条件下,对浒苔叶绿素荧光参数测定结果表明,在5℃~25℃,浒苔Fv/Fm呈现先上升后下降趋势。不同光照条件下,对浒苔叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm进行测定,其数值都在第一天发生了显著降低,之后稍有波动。藻体Fv/Fm变化有所不同,处理的前2天中,所有条件下样品都有相同幅度的降低,处理第三天时,光强400μmol/(m2·s)下比其他光强下的要显著低14%~16%;到培养后期,则以160μmol/(m2·s)下要明显较高,即160μmol/(m2·s)下藻体Fv/Fm的降低总体较为平缓。光照实验表明,浒苔在低光照条件下的实际量子效率要高于高光照条件,且最大量子效率的测定也进一步证实了该结果,表明高光照条件会引起浒苔光合作用能力下降。 相似文献
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黄海绿潮浒苔漂浮生态型的发现与启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄海绿潮已经成为常态化发生的海洋生态灾害。遗传分析结果表明,黄海绿潮藻主体由浒苔(Ulva prolifera)的单一群体构成。基于其特殊的基因型、表型,及其占据的独特生态位与生活方式,将其命名为"漂浮生态型"(floating ecotype)。浒苔漂浮生态型的发现,为黄海绿潮关键生态学过程的量化表征提供了重要抓手。基于SCAR特异分子标记的示踪研究表明,在绿潮早期浒苔入海阶段,苏北浅滩紫菜筏架发挥了重要作用;在海上暴发漂移阶段,漂浮生态型在漂浮藻中具有极高的优势度。上述发现提示,黄海绿潮存在重要的生物学成因,应加强针对漂浮生态型适应性特征及其遗传基础的比较研究。鉴于漂浮生态型在山东半岛南岸已零星定殖,提出应关注由于种源北侵和紫菜栽培产业北移带来的潜在风险。上述科学认识对于深刻理解黄海绿潮的成因与发生机制、建立可行的灾害防控措施、科学预测黄海绿潮的演变趋势具有重要意义。 相似文献
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黄海浒苔绿潮防灾减灾现状与早期防控展望 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
截至2019年，浒苔绿潮连续12年大规模暴发，对近海生态系统、沿岸环境与社会经济造成严重影响，已经成为黄海最严重的生态环境问题。本文总结了黄海浒苔绿潮防灾减灾现状与成效，分析了存在的问题，然后基于对该绿潮起源与成因的认识，将其早期分为3个关键过程，即浒苔微观繁殖体在养殖设施上的着生与生长过程，定生浒苔脱离附着基形成漂浮浒苔过程，浅滩漂浮浒苔进入深水区形成大面积绿潮过程。最后分别从加强新材料与技术研发防控绿藻着生、强化养殖设施回收管理严控定生绿藻落滩、浅滩汇聚通道拦截打捞等3种途径提出了早期防控措施建议，以期为黄海浒苔绿潮的源头防控提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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19.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
20.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献