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1.
《应用海洋学学报》2015,(1)
以东山乌礁湾为典型研究区,对海滩5条剖面表层沉积物进行样品采集(0~5 cm)和点位测量,综合应用激光法和筛析法进行粒度测定.结果表明秋季东山乌礁湾表层沉积物以粒径0.16~0.50 mm的砂为主,具有较好的分选性,符合岬湾砂质海滩表层沉积物的一般组分规律和分选特点;粒径分布表现出由南向北逐渐变细的区域差异性,主要是岬湾地形影响下的季节性风浪作用结果;从高潮带至中潮带站位主峰值粒径逐渐增大,粗粒含量增多,至低潮带主峰值粒径变小,粗粒含量降低,是近岸往复水动力作用和剖面地形作用的结果;总体看乌礁湾表层沉积物粒度分布主要受岬湾海岸地形特征和季风影响下的波浪、潮汐等水动力作用以及湾内局地物源输入的影响. 相似文献
2.
通过对2010年4和10月青岛市区主要旅游海滩(一浴、二浴、三浴和石老人浴场海滩)的157个表层沉积物样品进行粒度试验,分析了表层沉积物粒度的变化特征。研究结果表明:研究区4个海滩沉积物粒度的季节变化较为显著,从4～10月,沉积物平均粒径变细,分选性变好。4月样品65%为细砂,以负偏、窄峰态为主,平均粒径为344μm(1.54Φ),分选性较差(σi=1.04);10月样品95%为细砂,以负偏、窄峰态为主,平均粒径为233μm(2.1Φ),分选性中等(σi=0.81)。滩肩和滩面沉积物粒度特征的季节变化都较为明显。波浪特征是控制海滩沉积物变化的主要原因,另外海滩所处的地理位置等使不同海滩沉积物粒度特征的变化程度不同。由海滩沉积物的粒度分布化可以推断其输移特征,二浴和三浴海滩基本是单向输运,而一浴和石老人海滩存在沉积物双向输运的特征。 相似文献
3.
极端高能事件影响下的海滩动力地貌过程直接关乎岸滩稳定及海堤安全。本文基于2020年16号台风“浪卡”前后北海银滩顺直岸段的剖面高程及表层沉积物等资料, 探究了中等潮差的顺直响应台风作用的地貌变化机制。结果表明: 1) 台风后海滩地貌表现为冲流带的大型沙坝消失, 后滨沙丘-滩槽体系被削平, 滩面坡度趋于平缓。2) 银滩沉积物均以中砂、细砂和极细砂为主, 三者占比超过95%; 台风后, 高潮位带沉积物变细, 低潮位带沉积物变粗, 沙坝附近则出现粗细交错式变化; 银滩中高潮位带滩面响应台风过程的特征与强潮型海滩相似, 呈现消散型海滩的特征, 而低潮位带滩面则因大型沙坝的作用而呈现弱潮型海滩特征。3) 台风期间波浪是影响海滩的主要动力因素, 海滩地形影响了近岸水动力的表现形式, 从而改变了沉积物的粒径分布。 相似文献
4.
天津塘沽驴驹河-独流减河潮间带沉积物特征研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过对研究区潮间带36个表层沉积物的定位采样,采用综合法对样品进行粒度分析。结果表明,研究区潮间带表层沉积物由-粉砂质极细砂、极细砂-粉砂-粘土、粉砂-粘土-极细砂、极细砂质粉砂、极细砂-粉砂、粉砂和极细砂组成,从岸边向潮下带方向表层沉积物由细变粗;由于修建海滨浴场,改变了岸线的轮廓使水流发生变化,从驴驹河-独流减河潮间带表层沉积物粒度由粗变细;垂向上,由于修建海防公路造成岸线后退,沉积物表现为下粗上细,这些特征与本地区的人类活动和水动力条件变化密切相关。 相似文献
5.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(Z1)
通过在十二月份对三亚市南部海滩(大东海海滩、亚龙湾海滩、三亚湾海滩)进行采样分析,并对45个表层砂样品进行室内试验,分析了各海滩表层砂的粒度特征。结果表明:研究区的3个海滩的表层砂均为细砂,但不同粒径颗粒组分差异明显,其中亚龙湾海滩的粗砂及中砂含量明显高于大东海海滩、三亚湾海滩,亚龙湾海滩表层砂最粗,大东海海滩次之,三亚湾海滩最细;3个海滩呈现由岸向海、由东向西海滩表层砂平均粒径有逐渐减小的趋势;3个海滩均表现为分选较好,级配良好。同时,运用MIKE21软件的SW模型对三亚市南部近岸海域的波浪进行模拟,用于分析波浪对冬季海滩表层砂粒度特征的影响。 相似文献
6.
选择威海双岛湾附近海滩、国际海水浴场海滩、金海滩、青叽岛以西海滩、青叽岛以东海滩、天鹅湖海滩、桑沟湾海滩、楮岛海滩、南海新区海滩和乳山银滩十处代表性岸滩进行了海滩地貌和底质调查,结合沙滩表层样品分析测试数据,对研究区海滩地貌、沉积物粒度分布特征及海滩质量进行了综合评价。结果表明:威海海滩沉积物主要包括砾砂、粗砂、中砂、细砂四种类型,其中中砂分布最广,约占所有点位的35.6%,细砂、粗砂、砾砂分别占34.4%,26.7%和3.3%。岸滩坡度一般较缓,宽度中等以上,岸滩质量整体较好,部分岸滩受沉积物粒度影响,质量稍差。 相似文献
7.
海滩均衡剖面是海洋动力和海滩泥沙充分作用下的一个具有统计意义上的相对均衡的海滩形态。绝对意义上的、理想的均衡海滩剖面在自然界是难以找到的 ,而统计意义上的海滩均衡特征可以满足海岸变化和海滩过程研究需要。海滩均衡剖面的形态主要受控于国海滩泥沙的粒度特征 ,该剖面的形态指数是海滩泥沙沉降速率的函数 ,海滩粒度越粗 ,海滩坡度越陡。本文研究的日照海滩存在统计意义上的均衡剖面。由于海滩沉积物粒度具有明显的分带特征 ,海滩剖面不是一个理想的均一平面 ,而是由与海滩泥沙粒度相适应的两个均衡剖面组成。这两段海滩的表层粒径分别为 4.8Φ和 7.5Φ ,观测剖面的海滩形态指数分别为 0 .0 75和 0 .0 1 5,理论海滩形态指数分别为 0 .0 77和 0 .0 2 ,理论值和观测值有很好的一致性。 相似文献
8.
海滩均衡剖面是海洋动力和海滩泥沙充分作用下的一个具有统计意义上的相对均衡的海滩形态，绝对意义上的、理想的均衡海滩剖面在自然界是难以找到的，而统计意义上的海滩均衡特征可以满足海岸变化和海滩过程研究需要，海滩均衡剖面的形态主要受控于国海滩泥沙的粒度特征，该剖面的形态指数是海滩泥沙沉降速率的函数，海滩粒度越粗，海滩坡度越陡，本文研究的日照海滩存在统计意义上的均衡剖面，由于海滩沉积物粒度具有明显的分带特征，海滩剖面不是一个理想的均一平面，而是由与海滩泥沙粒度相适应的两具均衡剖面组成，这两段海滩的表层粒径分别为4.8φ和7.5φ，观测剖面的海滩形态指数分别为0.075和0.015，理论海滩形态指数分别为0.077和0.02,理论值和观测值有很好的一致性。 相似文献
9.
根据2018年秋季至2019年夏季4个季节的海滩剖面形态测量和表层沉积物粒度分析结果,研究了海阳万米海滩地形和表层沉积物粒度季节变化特征,探讨了控制研究区砂质岸滩季节性演化的因素.结果表明:连理岛-东村河口以西海滩剖面形态在强动力和弱动力条件下分别呈"上蚀下淤"和"下冲上塑"特征,夏季台风造成的滩肩侵蚀量大于冬季风,在... 相似文献
10.
利用福建长乐江田下沙砂质海滩台风前后两次野外调查资料,探讨了该处沙滩地貌和沉积物组合分布的基本特征;初步研究了该处沙滩对0418号台风“艾利”的响应模式.研究结果表明,下沙沙滩剖面沉积物以细砂和中细砂为主,台风前后采集的18个样品中,细砂6个,占总样品量的33%;中细砂11个,占总样品量的61%.沉积物结构上具有三维均匀性,沉积特征单一.剖面地形具有典型的夷直海岸特点,前滨滩面宽阔平坦,后滨沙丘带发育,岸线平直.受台风“艾利”作用,剖面后滨和高潮带遭受严重侵蚀,后滨低沙丘带平均蚀退超过6m,并出现高度为0.5~1.0m间的直立侵蚀陡坎.海滩沉积物对台风的响应相对较弱,台风过后剖面表层沉积物的平均粒径(Mz)均值由2.48变为2.39,粒度稍有变大;分选系数(σi)平均值由0.52变为0.63,分选稍有变差;偏度(Ski)平均值由-0.02变为0.01,峰态(Kg)平均值由0.96变为1.13;偏度和峰度没有明显变化.剖面底层沉积物对0418号台风“艾利”的响应特征与表层沉积物的沉积响应相似. 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
19.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
20.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献