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浙江朱家尖岛东沙海滩沉积与地貌动态变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
砂质海滩是浙江沿海的稀缺资源,以朱家尖岛东沙海滩为例,开展海滩沉积与地貌演变研究,可进一步了解浙江岬湾型海滩发育的区域特性。通过2010—2012年4次地形重复测量对比和沉积物采样分析,结果表明,东沙岸滩沉积地貌相带分布变化明显,沉积物自岸向海分别为砾石、中砂、细砂、粉砂、黏土质粉砂,海滩地貌呈现季节性调整,冬季为滩脊-沟槽地貌,夏季为平坦缓坡地貌,水下岸坡表现为冬淤夏冲。水动力(波浪、潮汐)、沉积物来源和人类活动是影响东沙海滩发育演变的主要因素。崩破波方式和较大的潮差,使东沙海滩呈现为无沙坝发育的消散性状态。丰富的长江入海悬浮泥沙来源,导致东沙海滩粗颗粒砂质沉积物分布范围变小,砂泥分界线向岸靠近。采砂、海塘修筑等人为活动减少和阻断了沿岸粗颗粒沉积物来源,造成海滩侵蚀明显。 相似文献
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分析了南澳岛海滩资源储量、空间分布及其开发利用现状,开展海岛海滩侵蚀风险评价,选择青澳海滩开展岸滩及其海湾海床地形、沉积物、动力泥沙调查,分析探讨了青澳海滩泥沙动力沉积特征,灾变退化过程机制,并从海滩稳定性和游客安全角度给出安全调控建议。结果表明:1)南澳岛海滩资源储量与侵蚀风险区域分异特征明显,其中青澳海滩旅游活动频繁、开发强度大,侵蚀退化风险等级高,人为破坏干扰抑制滩海泥沙交换,无序无度占滩开发与利用破坏了海滩自然演化进程,短期过量旅游活动加速海滩侵蚀退化进程;2)青澳湾沉积物以粗粒砂为主,沙源供给不足,不同岸段岸线进退与岸滩蚀淤与海滩方位、波浪动力强度强弱关系密切,具有明显的纵向沉积地貌分带特征。湾内落潮优势流(SE)优于涨潮(NW),对泥沙输运进入湾内具有抑制作用,潮周期海湾泥沙自湾内向湾外输运,泥沙以外输为主单宽输沙为3 400 t;3)青澳海滩存在严重的"无序占滩建筑,污水肆意排放,管理不规范"等问题,监测评价亦表明侵蚀退化风险巨大,游客安全面临着风险隐患,建议青澳海滩实行以生态化养护开发和"游客为中心"为理念的安全调控措施,设立红线及安全标示。该研究为岛礁生态建设、海岛保护及修复提供科学依据。 相似文献
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根据2011年在海阳万米海滩岸段与威海国际海水浴场岸段调查获得的夏、冬两季海岸实测地形剖面与沉积物粒度数据,并收集相关水文资料,对南北两海岸地貌与沉积差异性进行分析,探讨了半岛东部南北岸典型砂质海岸动力环境的差异。研究结果表明,南部海岸宽广平缓,发育滩脊、滩肩、沙波纹等地貌,沉积物在水下岸坡上段以中粗砂、中细砂为主,水下岸坡以下段以粉砂、黏土质粉砂为主;北部海岸地形陡,发育滩肩陡坎、水下沙坝等地貌,沉积物以砾质砂为主。导致这些差异的动力为风、波浪、潮汐及沿岸流堆积。 相似文献
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海滩是砂质海岸重要的沉积地貌单元,其沉积特征和稳定性对于海滩的开发利用与保护具有重要意义。本文根据海口湾西海岸海滩表层沉积物粒度数据,阐述了该区域海滩沉积物的时空分布规律,并通过对比滩面高程数据和水下地形数据分析了该区域的岸滩稳定性。结果表明：海口湾西海岸海滩处于滩面微蚀的轻度不稳定态,其岸外浅滩处于边坡侵蚀的轻度不稳定态。另外,根据波浪作用和泥沙来源进一步探讨了海口湾西海岸海滩沉积物动力机制及其海滩侵蚀的原因。 相似文献
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极端高能事件影响下的海滩动力地貌过程直接关乎岸滩稳定及海堤安全。本文基于2020年16号台风“浪卡”前后北海银滩顺直岸段的剖面高程及表层沉积物等资料, 探究了中等潮差的顺直响应台风作用的地貌变化机制。结果表明: 1) 台风后海滩地貌表现为冲流带的大型沙坝消失, 后滨沙丘-滩槽体系被削平, 滩面坡度趋于平缓。2) 银滩沉积物均以中砂、细砂和极细砂为主, 三者占比超过95%; 台风后, 高潮位带沉积物变细, 低潮位带沉积物变粗, 沙坝附近则出现粗细交错式变化; 银滩中高潮位带滩面响应台风过程的特征与强潮型海滩相似, 呈现消散型海滩的特征, 而低潮位带滩面则因大型沙坝的作用而呈现弱潮型海滩特征。3) 台风期间波浪是影响海滩的主要动力因素, 海滩地形影响了近岸水动力的表现形式, 从而改变了沉积物的粒径分布。 相似文献
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对粤西水东湾海底表层122个沉积物样品运用经验正交函数分解与沉积粒度参数等计算分析,提取的4个主要特征函数共占样品粒级分布总方差的96.4%,4个函数分别代表了极细砂、细砂、中砂和粗砂在近岸区的分布特征,其与沉积物样品粒度质量百分比分布符合良好。滨面坡沉积物主要由砂粒级物质组成,粒级参数MdΦ、QdΦ和SkΦ具有从海向岸、自东南向西北变化的总趋势。落潮三角洲沉积物较其邻近滨面斜坡有所粗化,分选从中部向两侧变好。海湾沉积物分布特征表明:①潮汐通道深槽受以落潮为主的涨落潮双向水流的往复分选;②落潮三角洲主要受波浪和海流冲刷分选;③上滨面受波浪变形破碎的扰动作用;④下滨面是动荡的近海水区,波浪对底质扰动小。 相似文献
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为了进一步了解海岛岬湾海岸表层沉积物粒度的时空分布特征和形成机制,作者以福建东山岛乌礁湾为典型研究区,通过秋、春、夏3个不同季节海滩表层沉积物的采集和点位测量,综合应用激光法和筛析法进行粒度测定。结果表明,东山乌礁湾海滩表层沉积物以0.16～0.50 mm之间的中、细砂为主,并含有少量的粗砂和细砾,这与区域砂质沉积背景有关;湾内从南到北剖面沉积物粒径由粗砂到细砂逐渐变细,主要受剖面地形、局地物源、季节性风浪作用和近岸往复水动力的影响。时间变化上,各取样站位表现出沉积物粒径粗、细不同程度的多种变化趋势,以秋季为参考,整体上表现为由南到北粒级的变小、增大和稳定,这与东北、南南西季风影响下的浪、潮作用以及沿岸流系格局变化下的水动力环境有关。 相似文献
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海南岛三亚湾现代沉积环境 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海南岛三亚湾海滩沉积物主要以中细砂为主,中值粒径在2.0~2.5Φ之间,为细砂质,少量样品在1.0~2.0Φ之间,属中砂质,适合于海滩旅游。近岸海底沉积物总体分布较细,为砂-粉砂-黏土的组合,仅仅在海湾西侧靠近岬角处,以中粗砂为主。近岸海底沉积物是低海平面时古河道的堆积物,能够为现代海滩提供很好的砂源,为确保海滩的稳定性提供了物质前提条件。但是,由于近20年的海岸开发,海滩东部受到人类开发活动的深刻影响,人为排放的有机物污染使海滩部分出现泥化和变黑,而且,由于人为的违规建筑物紧逼高潮线和大潮高潮线,破坏海滩的整体形态,改变海岸的动力条件,进而破坏了海滩旅游资源。 相似文献
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文章基于2022年春、秋季开展的龙岐湾沙滩资源调查数据,分析较场尾沙滩、大塘角沙滩、黄泥湾沙滩和桔钓沙沙滩的剖面特征、沉积物粒径和裂流发生情况。研究结果表明：4处沙滩剖面的坡度秋缓春陡,剖面受风浪和潮汐直接作用时坡度变化大,受遮蔽时坡度变化小,整体呈冬春淤积、夏秋侵蚀;沙滩沉积物以中砂、粗砂和砾石为主,粒径变化不大;沙滩均无明显裂流发生,为低风险等级。建议开发沙滩旅游应考虑季节性的补沙方案,开展围垦养殖和海岸工程应注意削弱ESE向和SE向的波浪作用。 相似文献
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Roger F. McLean 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):141-164
Two exposed, high‐energy beaches on the Kaikoura coast of New Zealand are composed of sand and gravel derived from a greywacke terrain. Both beaches can be classified as mixed beaches although the sediment varies from dominantly gravel at the ends of the beach to dominantly sand at the centre, through transition zones in which sand and gravel are mixed. Sixty‐four surface samples were analysed for grain size; two sediment parameters, mean grain size (Mz) and sorting (σI), were calculated. A striking feature of the cumulative frequency curves is that both unimodai and bimodal distributions include median sizes over the whole range of sampled material, even though bimodal samples display two strong modes in the sand and gravel grades. The general deficiency lof sediment dn the very coarse sand and granule classes (0 to — 2 F ) noted by numerous authors in many parts of the world is apparent in the poorly‐sorted bimodal samples. However, the best‐sorted samples also occur in these two classes. Mean grain size of samples ranges from medium sand (1.820) to medium pebbles (—4.7 F ), and sorting ranges from very well sorted (0.250) to very poorly sorted (2.69 F ). Mean erain size on the northern beach is significantly greater than on the southern beach, but values of sorting are comparable. The greater mean size on one beach compared with the other is thought to be a function of the grade of material supplied by local rivers; the similarity in sorting presumably reflects the similarity of the processes acting on the two beaches. Mixed sand‐shingle beaches are relatively rare on a world scale but common in New Zealand. Sediment distributions along the Kaikoura beaches do not reveal a regular decrease in size away from the rivers which supply material to shore at present. Instead, the beaches are differentiated into a number of sediment zones composed of either sand, or mixed sand‐gravel, or gravel. On each beach a gravel zone is located furthest from the river outlets. Sorting generally improves toward the Kaikoura Peninsula. Explanations for these trends are not given. Variations in size and sorting across the two beaches do not show a well developed zonation because of the high level of wave energy which continually mixes the material across the beach. 相似文献
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青岛海岸带及邻近海域地形和沉积物类型研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了青岛海岸带及邻近海域的地形特征、沉积物类型及分布特征。总体看来,沿海岸粒度较粗,为砂、粉砂质砂等,向海深处粒度有逐渐变细的趋势,海深处的沉积物主要为砂—粉砂—黏土,局部为粉砂质黏土、黏土质粉砂和黏土质砂。灵山岛周围,沉积物粒度较粗。胶州湾口内外为一海底深槽,水深流急,冲刷强烈,沉积物粒度非常粗,主要为粗砂、中砂,局部有基岩出露。深槽南北两侧各有一条突出海底的砂脊,平行于深槽延伸方向砂脊由中砂组成,混有少量黏土,北侧砂脊表面呈不规则起伏,南侧砂脊表面则较为平整。胶州湾内沉积物粒度总体较细,主要为粉砂质黏土、黏土质粉砂及砂—粉砂—黏土等。根据沉积物类型及分布特征,可把青岛海岸带及邻近海域的沉积划分为4个沉积区:胶州湾口及滨岸现代沉积区、北部浅海沉积区、南部浅海沉积区和残留—残余沉积区。 相似文献
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热带气旋前进方向两侧海滩风暴效应差异研究--以海滩对0307号台风"伊布都"的响应为例 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
在0307号台风“伊布都”(Imbudo)袭击华南沿海前后,对相距约300km的高栏岛飞沙湾(位于气旋前进方向右侧)和水东港下大海(位于气旋前进方向左侧)的固定海滩剖面地形及滩面沉积物进行了对比调查。调查结果表明,右侧海滩地形受台风暴浪冲击发生剧烈变化：后滨陆侧堆积,后滨向海侧及前滨滩面侵蚀(单宽侵蚀量达55m^3／m,平均海面(MSL)位置蚀退13m,岸线位置蚀退5m),以致剖面类型由滩肩式断面向沙坝式断面转变,表现出了海滩对台风做出快速响应;而左侧海滩剖面地形基本保持原状,虽也略呈侵蚀,但冲淤变化不大,表现为对台风做出迟缓响应。同时,从动力、滨海输沙、滩面沉积物变化和海岸地貌等方面对两侧海滩明显差异的风暴效应的机制进行了探讨。 相似文献
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The equation most commonly used to describe the bay planform was proposed by Hsu and Evans (1989) and it was obtained through empirical analysis of sand beach planforms.In the last decade interest in gravel sediments increased owing to their greater stability on beaches, compared with sand sediments. Due to the differences between the morphodynamics of sand and gravel beaches, which is strictly influenced by their different hydraulic characteristics, it was necessary to create a predictive instrument for this beach type as well.Therefore, in this study the standard Hsu and Evans equation (1989) was modified in order to make it applicable not only to sand beaches but also to gravel beaches. The shoreline was computed according to a parabolic model in polar coordinates whose coefficients are considered linearly dependent on the wave direction and related to the beach type. The estimation of the free parameters of the model was performed according to a statistical analysis of a shorelines data set of Mediterranean sand and gravel embayed beaches. 相似文献
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天津塘沽驴驹河-独流减河潮间带沉积物特征研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过对研究区潮间带36个表层沉积物的定位采样,采用综合法对样品进行粒度分析。结果表明,研究区潮间带表层沉积物由-粉砂质极细砂、极细砂-粉砂-粘土、粉砂-粘土-极细砂、极细砂质粉砂、极细砂-粉砂、粉砂和极细砂组成,从岸边向潮下带方向表层沉积物由细变粗;由于修建海滨浴场,改变了岸线的轮廓使水流发生变化,从驴驹河-独流减河潮间带表层沉积物粒度由粗变细;垂向上,由于修建海防公路造成岸线后退,沉积物表现为下粗上细,这些特征与本地区的人类活动和水动力条件变化密切相关。 相似文献
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天然砾石海滩作为一种高能环境下的海岸堆积体,因其粒径粗、孔隙度大等特征,是良好的海岸防护屏障。了解砾石海滩形成过程离不开砾石形貌这一重要参数,但要快速、准确获得大量砾石的定量参数比较困难。本文对山东北长山岛3个砾石海滩(九丈崖、月牙湾、长滩)、南长山岛的4个砾石海滩(仙境源、林海、长山尾和明珠广场)进行现场剖面测量并采集砾石样品及砾石图像,应用ImageJ软件对砾石进行原位无干扰数字图像测算,可以快速大量分析砾石粒径、磨圆度等形貌参数。结果显示:砾石的粒径范围为4～79 mm,主要集中在中砾,各海滩分选较好;其中,北长山岛海滩的砾石平均粒径略小于南长山岛,北长山岛九丈崖海滩的砾石平均粒径最大,南长山岛的仙境源海滩砾石平均粒径最小。向海方向从滩肩到高潮线平均粒径逐渐减小,但在水边线处增大。砾石磨圆度介于0.59～0.75之间,等级均为圆状,砾石海滩均已达到较成熟阶段;其中北长山岛的月牙湾海滩砾石磨圆最好,长滩海滩砾石的磨圆最差,由陆向海磨圆度值呈增大的趋势。形状比率范围介于1.36～1.77之间,与磨圆度呈明显负相关(R2=0.98),砾石由陆向海从长条状渐变为椭圆状。南、北长山岛的砾石海滩的砾石形貌受到物源、动力条件和人为活动的影响。研究区砾石海滩坡度范围为16%～35%,海滩坡度与沉积物粒径呈正相关。 相似文献
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The macrobenthos of two exposed tropical sandy beaches in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) were compared in relation to density, species richness, and vertical zonation. Biological and sediment samplings were carried out in the austral winter of 2002 and the austral summer of 2003. The sampling design consisted of 10 transects perpendicular to the water line, evenly divided into strata. A sampling unit was taken in each stratum with a 0.04 m2 quadrat sampler. Beaches were also compared according to physical features, such as slope, wave period, wave height, and grain size. According to Dean's Ω morphodynamic index the Pontal is a dissipative beach while the Costa Azul is a reflective one. The mean grain size ranged from median to coarse sand in Costa Azul, whereas in Pontal it ranged from median to very fine sand. Eleven species were collected in the two beaches. Crustaceans were the dominant in the Costa Azul Beach, while the polychaete Scolelepis squamata dominated the Pontal beach. A negative correlation was found between the density of the macrobenthos and mean grain size, and beach slope. On the other hand, the Dean's parameter correlated positively with faunal density. Based on the results of ANOSIM, in both beaches, two groups of stations were identified, defining an upper and a lower beach zone along the vertical distribution of the macrobenthos. 相似文献
19.
David Raffaelli 《Marine environmental research》1982,7(2):151-164
The numbers of six meiofauna groups (nematodes, copepods, turbellarians, archiannelids, oligochaetes and gastrotrichs) were estimated from 17 sandy beaches differing in their organic (sewage) pollution loadings. Nematodes were most abundant on polluted and fine sand beaches whilst copepods were more common on coarse sand and rare on polluted beaches. The ratio of nematodes to copepods may thus provide a useful index of beach quality. Archiannelids and oligochaetes seem restricted to particular habitat types and, with the turbellarians, have little potential for biomonitoring. Gastrotrichs occurred in large numbers on one polluted beach. 相似文献