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红树林、滨海盐沼和海草床是典型的滨海蓝碳生态系统,具有相当可观的固碳能力。植被碳库和沉积物碳库是蓝碳生态系统有机碳的主要载体,其变化过程决定了生态系统的整体固碳能力。本文尝试从碳库相互作用的角度出发,通过文献梳理,总结不同植被碳库之间、不同沉积物碳库之间以及植被碳库和沉积物碳库之间相互作用的研究进展,指出物种竞争、外源碳输入以及生物地貌学过程在碳库相互作用中所起到的重要作用,并提出滨海蓝碳生态系统碳库研究中存在的问题和未来研究的方向。 相似文献
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滨海湿地是地球上生产力最高、生物多样性最丰富的生态系统之一,然而由于强烈的人为活动,滨海湿地遭到严重破坏甚至丧失。滨海湿地退化是世界各国普遍面临的问题,退化滨海湿地生态系统的修复也已成为国际上生态学研究的热点。本文在分析国内外研究进展的基础上,从生态退化诊断、修复目标、修复措施、修复监测、修复成效评估等几个关键问题对滨海湿地生态修复进行了探讨。滨海湿地生态退化诊断主要采用参照系统对比法,即选取退化生态系统干扰前、邻近未受干扰或干扰小、或参考多方面资料而构造的假设生态系统等作为参照进行对比;生态修复最终目标不是简单地恢复生态系统的结构和功能,更重要的是建立一个能自我维持、自我调控或在较少人为辅助下能健康运行的滨海湿地生态系统;生态修复途径包括自然恢复、人工促进生态修复和生态重建,只有在自然恢复不能实现的情况下,才考虑采取人工促进生态修复或生态重建;生态修复监测参数包括结构参数和功能参数,监测覆盖施工前、施工期和施工后全过程;滨海湿地生态修复成效评估需同时考虑生态结构、生态功能及生态服务。目前,我国滨海湿地生态修复尚存在退化机制及恢复机理认识不足;滨海湿地生态修复技术储备不足,关键技术不能满足需求;修复的区域空间尺度较小,系统性和完整性不足,缺乏国家和区域生态修复规划;滨海湿地生态修复后期管理、监测、成效评估不足。为此建议:①注重滨海湿地恢复生态学的基础理论研究;②强调滨海湿地生态修复的系统性、综合性和完整性,推动整体规划、区域统筹、系统修复;③加强典型滨海湿地的生态修复关键技术研发,如红树林生态系统功能恢复和提升技术,海草、盐沼植物等种苗人工繁殖和种植技术,珊瑚有性繁殖技术和珊瑚礁生态系统功能恢复技术等;④注重滨海湿地生态修复的后期管理及公众参与。 相似文献
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为促进粤东地区发挥区域优势、提升海岸带生态功能和促进可持续发展,文章概述粤东海岸带生态系统的类型及其分布,分析其面临的问题,并结合已开展的海岸带生态保护修复项目提出建议。研究结果表明：粤东具有砂质海岸生态系统、重要河口生态系统、红树林生态系统、珊瑚礁生态系统和海湾生态系统等海岸带生态系统,海洋资源十分丰富;但面临海岸侵蚀、环境污染和过度开发利用等问题,不利于发挥海岸带生态和减灾功能;在已开展的中央海域使用金支持项目、“蓝色海湾”整治行动、围填海项目生态保护修复和海岸带保护修复工程等的基础上,未来应开展海岸带生态系统现状调查和评估、加强滨海湿地保护、建立海岸带生态系统动态监视监测平台以及加快海岸带生态保护修复标准体系建设。 相似文献
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地表高程监测在滨海蓝碳碳收支评估中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
红树林、盐沼和海草床等滨海湿地生态系统是滨海蓝碳的重要组成,其沉积物碳埋藏远高于陆地生态系统,是地球上重要的碳库.沉积物碳埋藏速率(carbon accumulation rate,CAR)是衡量滨海蓝碳生态系统固碳能力的关键指标,其定量测量方法是蓝碳研究的前沿科学问题.文章系统阐述了国内外常用的CAR测定方法,重点综... 相似文献
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海岸带碳汇类型多、潜力大,不仅是重要的碳源/汇空间,具有强大的碳捕获、碳埋藏能力,是推动实现国家“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的关键区域。本文基于海岸带及海岸带蓝碳的自然禀赋特征分析,结合红树林、盐沼湿地和海草床三种生态系统,从自然修复、人工修复等角度开展研究,综合分析了现有海岸带蓝碳生态系统修复与增汇技术并总结归纳其优缺点;探索构建现实可达的海岸带蓝碳增汇技术体系,将其分为修复技术、辅助技术、管理与价值化技术;面向未来,从宏观和微观两个角度提出科学问题和管理需求,以期为实现碳中和远景目标提供一定科学参考。 相似文献
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红树林、盐沼和海草床被称为三大海岸带蓝碳生态系统,在维持海洋生物多样性、净化水质、营养物质循环以及固碳、储碳等方面发挥重要作用。该研究以蓝碳生态系统分布广泛的广东和广西作为研究区,研究海岸带蓝碳生态系统与海洋生态红线的容斥关系,进而进行海岸带蓝碳生态系统的保护空缺分析,在此基础上提出海洋生态红线外的推荐优先保护区域。该文基于2019年卫星遥感影像、2020年和2021年现场调查和无人机遥感数据,获知广东海岸带蓝碳生态系统总面积为14 481.39 hm2(红树林11 928.87 hm2,盐沼1 258.00 hm2,海草床1 294.52 hm2),广西海岸带蓝碳生态系统总面积为11 751.30 hm2(红树林10 171.70 hm2,盐沼1 450.36 hm2,海草床129.24 hm2)。结果显示,广东海岸带蓝碳生态系统面积的62.13%、广西海岸带蓝碳生态系统面积的59.88%分布在海洋生态红线内。... 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(2)
正"中国地质调查局滨海湿地重点实验室"于2012年8月批准成立,旨在面向国际湿地生物地质科学和技术前沿,通过研究我国滨海湿地地质演化与沉积地球化学的过程与机制,揭示生物化学过程及其对全球变化的响应,应用生境演替与生态修复理论以及生态水文监测方法,解决我国海岸带地区面临的资源-环境问题,切实服务国家生态文明建设战略需求。滨海湿地重点实验室采取开放、协作的方式,建立国际一流的海岸带湿地专业研究中心和协同创新平台。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(3)
<正>"中国地质调查局滨海湿地重点实验室"于2012年8月批准成立,旨在面向国际湿地生物地质科学和技术前沿,通过研究我国滨海湿地地质演化与沉积地球化学的过程与机制,揭示生物化学过程及其对全球变化的响应,应用生境演替与生态修复理论以及生态水文监测方法,解决我国海岸带地区面临的资源-环境问题,切实服务国家生态文明建设战略需求。滨海湿地重点实验室采取开放、协作的方式,建立国际一流的海岸带湿地专业研究中心和协同创新平 相似文献
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In the Mexican coasts, as in many tropical and subtropical coastal areas, shrimp culture grew exponentially over the last three decades. This process has produced an intense debate on the economic benefits but also about the extent and intensity of the impact of this activity on the coastal ecosystems, particularly the effects of pond construction on mangrove areas and other coastal wetlands. For the Northern coast of Sinaloa (Northwest Mexico), a region where shrimp culture is actively practiced and reproduces most of the shrimp controlled production model in Mexico, a land cover change-detection analysis, with Landsat images, outputs that 75% of the shrimp farming in this region has been built on saltmarshes while less than 1% was constructed on mangrove areas. Through the estimation of landscape metrics for different scenarios (with and without shrimp culture infrastructure), we find that in addition to direct removal of saltmarshes, shrimp aquaculture has significantly modified the spatial patterns of coastal wetlands, retreating wetland borders and fragmenting their patches. These last impacts are mainly related with the development of the linear infrastructure associated with shrimp culture (drainage channels and roads), rather than the construction of the ponds. Present findings and other from similar studies done in Northwest Mexico; allow us to estimate that 60% of shrimp farming in Mexico impacted directly on saltmarshes, contrasting with the 3% of shrimp farms built on mangroves. 相似文献
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María Fernanda Adame David Neil Sara F. Wright Catherine E. Lovelock 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010
Coastal wetlands provide important ecological services to the coastal zone, one of which is sediment retention. In this study we investigated sediment retention across a range of geomorphological settings and across vegetation zones comprising coastal wetlands. We selected six coastal wetlands dominated by mangroves over a gradient from riverine to tidal settings in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Each site was comprised of three distinct vegetation communities distributed as parallel zones to the coast line: seaward fringe mangroves, landward scrub mangroves and saltmarsh/ cyanobacteria mat of the high intertidal zone. We measured suspended sediment retention and sedimentation rates. Additionally, in order to assess the origin of sediment transported and deposited in the mangroves, glomalin, a novel terrestrial soil carbon tracer, was used. Our results show a mean average sedimentation of 0.64 ± 0.01 mg cm−2 spring tide−1, which was variable within sites, regardless of geomorphological setting. However, geomorphological setting influenced spatial patterns of sediment deposition. Riverine mangroves had a more homogeneous distribution of sediments across the intertidal zone than tidal mangroves, where most sedimentation occurred in the fringe zone. Overall, the fringe zone retained the majority of sediment entering the coastal wetland during a tidal cycle with 0.90 ± 0.22 mg cm−2 spring tide−1, accounting for 52.5 ± 12.5% of the total sedimentation. The presence of glomalin in suspended sediments, and thus the relative importance of terrigenous sediment, was strongly influenced by geomorphological setting, with riverine mangroves receiving more glomalin in suspended solids than tidal mangroves. Glomalin was also differentially deposited within the vegetation zones at different geomorphological settings: primarily at the fringe zone of tidal mangroves and within the scrub zone of riverine mangroves. The differences we observed in the spatial distribution of sedimentation and the difference in the origin of the sediment deposited in riverine and tidal mangroves are likely to have an impact on ecological processes. 相似文献
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Stefano Cannicci Fabrizio Bartolini Farid Dahdouh-Guebas Sara Fratini Carlos Litulo Adriano Macia Elisha J. Mrabu Gil Penha-Lopes Jos Paula 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,84(3):305
Mangrove forests are known to accomplish crucial ecosystem functions and services. They are nursery areas for fish, prawns and crabs, which provide coastal communities with a variety of food, timber and chemicals, and protect coasts from catastrophic events, such as tsunamis. Recently, a novel ecological service has been proposed for mangrove systems, namely natural wastewater treatment wetlands. This hypothesis was based on experimental data collected mainly in Chinese mangrove systems, which proved that mangrove soils were efficient in absorbing nutrients. Moreover, sewage loading seemed harmless to both plants and benthic communities in these systems. However, before promoting the use of natural mangroves as pollution buffers, or constructed mangrove wetlands as sewage treatment facilities, more data are needed on their overall tolerance to organic loading. Differences in macrobenthos patterns were thus investigated between peri-urban mangroves and sites not affected by sewage disposal in East Africa. We assessed differences in epifaunal assemblages, comprising crabs and molluscs, employing multivariate ACI unbalanced analyses to compare peri-urban mangrove swamps with those characteristic of non-urban mangroves with similar ecological traits. The sampling design was spatially nested, replicates being assessed at equatorial (southern Kenya) and subtropical (southern Mozambique) sites. The results manifested a consistent increase in crab biomass at the peri-urban sites in both Kenya and Mozambique. Moreover, the peri-urban systems were richer than the non-urban mangroves, both in terms of fiddler crabs (Uca spp.) which feed on benthic microalgae and bacteria, and sesarmids, such as Perisesarma guttatum and Neosarmatium meinerti, which feed on both substratum and leaf litter. The abundance of gastropods, in contrast, decreased significantly, especially in Kenya, mainly due to the disappearance of the mud whelk Terebralia palustris. The results thus indicate that, in East African mangrove systems, domestic wastewater has detectable effects on crabs and molluscs, suggesting their usefulness as bioindicators of its effects in mangroves. Transformed benthic patterns at the peri-urban sites indicated the need for further study of the actual potential of natural mangrove forests to absorb pollution in sewage treatment. 相似文献
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滨海湿地是介于陆地生态系统和水生生态系统之间的特殊生态系统，是珍贵的湿地资源，具有重要的生态系统功能。掌握滨海湿地的分布状况对于我国滨海湿地自然资源的保护和管理意义重大。文章基于2018—2019年“哨兵2号”卫星10 m分辨率多光谱影像，完成广东、广西和海南滨海湿地的遥感制图；对岩石海岸、砂石海滩、淤泥质海滩、潮间盐水沼泽、红树林、河口水域、河口三角洲/沙洲/沙岛、海岸性咸水湖、海岸性淡水湖、浅海水域共10个亚类建立解译标志，通过目视解译，对滨海湿地进行分类和统计。研究结果显示：广东、广西和海南滨海湿地面积共计1 377 140 hm2，各地滨海湿地面积与岸线长度基本呈正相关，海岸线越长，滨海湿地面积越大，各地典型滨海湿地的类型也不相同。 相似文献
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TANG Yijie FANG Zhanqiang CHEN Kang ZHANG Zaiwang ZHONG Yanting AN Dong YANG Xiongbang LIAO Baowen 《海洋学报(英文版)》2012,31(5):115-125
The study aims to compare the differences of macrofauna communities of wetlands at 3-year-forest- age, 5-year-forest-age Sonneratia apetala artificial mangroves, 5-year-forest-age Kandelia candel ar- tificial mangroves with the same restoration background, and the naked tidal flat in the Qi’ao Island Mangrove Nature Reserve of Zhuhai, Guangdong Province. The results show that there were signif- icant structural differences in macrofauna communities among four kinds of habitats. The increase of biomass and species diversity of macrofauna at 3-year-forest-age S. apetala artificial mangroves was obviously faster than that at 5-year-forest-age K. candel artificial mangroves whose average tree height was close to that of 3-year-forest-age S. apetala artificial mangroves. The BIOENV analysis shows that it was related to the rapid growth of S. apetala, which rapidly changed the light level and shading conditions in the forests. The 5-year-forest-age S. apetala artificial mangroves had lower macrofauna species diversity but higher density and biomass than K. candel artificial mangroves with the same forest age. This was due to the rapid changes of physical and chemical properties of habitat soil by the ecological restoration of S. apetala artificial mangroves as well as the changed food sources possibly caused by the leaf-litter of such non-indigenous mangrove species S. apetala. However, further survey should be conducted on whether there are any negative ecological impacts of large-scale cultivation of S. apetala on macrofauna communities, so as to evaluate correctly S. apetala’s role in the restoration of coastal mangrove ecosystems. 相似文献
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文章以福建省漳江口国家级红树林自然保护区为研究区, 提出了一种联合星载光学和合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像的红树林与互花米草分布的自动提取算法, 提取研究区内红树林和互花米草的空间分布。本研究选择2016年、2017年和2018年各一景低潮时的Sentinel-2 A光学影像数据, 获取植被和其他地物的光谱和纹理信息。算法首先基于归一化植被指数、增强型植被指数、地表水分指数以及数字高程模型的相关规则计算红树林和互花米草的潜在分布区; 通过随机森林分类算法区分红树林和互花米草, 2016年、2017年和2018年影像的分类总体精度和Kappa系数分别为98.53%和0.980、96.52%和0.952、98.71%和0.978, 分类效果良好; 使用当年所有Sentinel-1 A/B的SAR影像获得研究区的常年海水分布范围, 使用与海水交界的判据, 实现红树林、互花米草提取范围的优化。研究表明, 研究区2016年、2017年和2018年红树林总面积分别为56.85hm2、59.88hm2和58.61hm2, 互花米草总面积分别为109.23hm2、124.00hm2和142.39hm2, 与前人的研究成果在红树林和互花米草的空间分布和面积量级上有较好的一致性。 相似文献
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A critical component of flood protection in some coastal areas is expected to be the potential contribution of wetlands to the lowering of surges as they propagate inland from the coast. Consequently, an accurate method to quantify the effect of wetlands on coastal surge levels is required. The degree to which wetlands attenuate surge is the subject of debate and difficult to assess. The potential of wetlands to reduce storm surge has typically been expressed as a constant attenuation rate, but the relationship is much more complex. A numerical storm surge model was applied to assess the sensitivity of surge response to specified wetland loss. Results suggest that wetlands do have the potential to reduce surges but the magnitude of attenuation is dependent on the surrounding coastal landscape and the strength and duration of the storm forcing. Numerical models that simulate the relevant physical processes can provide valuable information on how to best integrate wetlands into coastal protection plans. However, while the model applied for this study has displayed skill in estimating surges over wetlands, the formulations are missing key processes and model advancements are necessary. 相似文献
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迁徙季节水鸟对滨海不同类型湿地的利用——以广西山口红树林自然保护区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解迁徙季节水鸟在不同滨海湿地中的结构组成和行为特征,于2010年3月、4月、9月、11月和2011年3月,在山口自然保护区及其周边地区对不同滨海湿地类型的水鸟展开调查。结果显示:迁徙季节天然湿地共记录到水鸟6目8科39种,人工湿地有6目9科50种。天然湿地比人工湿地的物种数少,整体数量上,春季人工湿地大于天然湿地,秋季则为天然湿地水鸟数量更多。鹬鸻类在不同滨海湿地类型中觅食行为比例差异显著,在天然湿地中觅食比例达到76.67%,而在人工湿地中则以休息和睡眠等非觅食行为为主。天然湿地是鹬鸻类的重要觅食地,而人工湿地则是鹭类和鹬鸻类的主要休息地。鹭类在两种滨海湿地类型中觅食个体的数量不随潮汐的涨落而相应增减。鹬鸻类随潮汐高度上升,在两种滨海湿地类型中觅食的个体数量减少。山口地区的滨海人工湿地是水鸟在高潮期间天然湿地良好的替代栖息地。 相似文献