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DH36钢焊接件海水腐蚀行为研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海洋环境中的钢焊接件除了易发生电化学腐蚀之外,还容易发生电偶腐蚀等局部腐蚀。本文通过失重法、开路电位、强极化曲线、金相显微观测和X射线衍射等测试方法研究了DH36海洋用钢焊接件S-189-2在海水介质中的电化学腐蚀行为、电偶腐蚀倾向及其腐蚀产物成分。结果表明,焊接件各个部位在海水中的腐蚀速率均较小,腐蚀电流密度在15～29μA.cm-2范围内,阴极反应由氧扩散过程控制。开路电位和电极电位均随时间负移,各个位置电极电位差较小且负移幅度接近,发生电偶腐蚀的倾向较小。腐蚀产物以γ-FeO(OH)为主。 相似文献
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海水中钢铁腐蚀与环境因素的灰关联分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
应用灰关联分析方法解析了海水环境因素与钢铁腐蚀的关系。根据灰关联度的计算 ,在诸海水环境因素中找出影响碳钢、低合金钢在海水中局部腐蚀深度及平均腐蚀率的主要影响因素 ,分析结果与现场试验结果较为吻合 相似文献
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海泥中SRB对A3钢电偶效应的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在室内模拟条件下研究了在海泥中硫酸盐还原菌 (SRB)对A3钢电偶效应的影响。实验在两个大型塑料槽中进行。A3钢样尺寸为 2 0cm× 1 0cm× 0 .3cm ,海泥中SRB的含量用MPN三管计数法进行测定 ;电导率、pH、氧化还原电位、泥温和盐度等参数用SY - 5型电导 -pH/mV -温度计进行测量 ;用失重法测量腐蚀速度 ;用零电阻表测量电偶电流。试验共进行 2 61d。SRB含量随时间的变化基本保持恒定。在电偶条件下A3钢在灭菌泥和有菌泥中的腐蚀速度分别为0 0 0 77mm/a和 0 0 4 9mm/a,在非电偶条件下A3钢在灭菌泥和有菌泥中的腐蚀速度分别为 0 0 0 89mm/a和 0 0 4 4mm/a。A3钢在有菌泥和无菌泥中的样板之间的电偶电流随时间的变化幅度在2 5μA左右 ,且有方向逆转现象。试验结果表明 ,在有菌泥中A3钢的腐蚀速度是无菌泥中的 5 5倍 ,说明SRB在海泥腐蚀中有重要作用。埋在相邻的有菌海泥和无菌海泥的试样之间都发生了电偶腐蚀。处在有菌海泥中的钢样为电偶对的阳极 ,处在无菌海泥中的钢样为电偶对的阴极。在实验期间内电偶效应对试样的加速作用为 1 1 .4%。 相似文献
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“电连接模拟海洋腐蚀试验装置与方法”科研成果鉴定会,于1981年10月22日至24日在青岛举行。有冶金部、六机部、交通部、石油部、中国科学院和高等教育系统的十四个单位的代表参加了会议。中国腐 相似文献
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使用正电子湮没谱学方法,在不同气氛下对电化学腐蚀法制备的多孔硅中电子偶素的湮没行为进行了系统的研究.正电子湮没寿命谱测试结果表明,样品中存在长达40 ns的电子偶素湮没成分,并且进入多孔硅膜层的正电子约有80%形成电子偶素,具有非常高的电子偶素产额;在氧气气氛下,由于气体导致o-Ps发生自旋转化猝灭是使多孔硅样品中电子偶素寿命缩短的主要原因.结合正电子寿命-动量关联谱测量结果,分析了不同气氛下多孔硅样品中电子偶素湮没寿命及动量变化关系,讨论了多孔硅中电子偶素的湮没机理以及气氛对孔径计算理论模型的影响. 相似文献
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腐蚀是管道常见的缺陷形式之一,会极大降低管道的压溃压力,同时深海环境下高静水外压易引发管道压溃失效,威胁管道的安全运行,因此准确预测管道压溃压力显得尤为重要。采用数值模拟方法研究了含腐蚀缺陷的高强钢厚壁管道压溃失效模式,分析了管材、管道径厚比、腐蚀深度、长度和宽度等参数对高强钢厚壁管道压溃压力的影响规律。分析结果表明:管道径厚比愈大,对厚壁管道的承压能力提升愈显著;腐蚀缺陷的存在对管道压溃压力具有减小作用;随着管道材料等级的提升,压溃压力有明显提高。提出了相应的压溃压力预测公式,为厚壁管道完整性评价提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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本研究以海洋微藻——赤潮藻海洋卡盾藻(Chattonella marina)与饵料藻青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica var.tsingtaoensis)为研究对象,采用单培养和共培养的方法,研究二者间的竞争关系,并在此基础上研究海洋卡盾藻去藻过滤液和藻细胞裂解液对青岛大扁藻的化感作用,同时进一步探讨两种海洋微藻间的化感作用对UV-B辐射增强的响应。结果显示:共培养条件下,海洋卡盾藻在2个高浓度下对青岛大扁藻的生长产生显著抑制(P0.05);海洋卡盾藻去藻过滤液和藻细胞裂解液对青岛大扁藻的生长也具有显著抑制作用(P0.05),且藻细胞裂解液的抑制作用更强,说明海洋卡盾藻对青岛大扁藻产生化感作用,且通过细胞间直接接触传递的化感物质多于通过介质传递的。不同密度比例的2种藻共培养组用UV-B辐射(2.16J/m2)处理后,海洋卡盾藻对青岛大扁藻生长的化感作用有所减弱。 相似文献
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混凝土在海洋暴露过程中的氯离子渗透研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
将矿粉掺量0%~65%、粉煤灰掺量0%~30%混凝土置于海洋大气区、潮汐区2年,研究海洋不同区域、矿粉掺量、粉煤灰掺量对混凝土中氯离子渗透规律的影响。结果表明:混凝土在海洋环境下暴露2年,氯离子质量分数随着渗透深度的增加而减小,最后趋于稳定;海洋潮汐区腐蚀混凝土氯离子传输受扩散机制控制,而大气区腐蚀混凝土受到扩散和毛细吸附双重机制控制。随着腐蚀龄期的增加,混凝土中氯离子侵蚀深度增加,表面层氯离子浓度线性增加。潮汐区腐蚀混凝土的氯离子浓度高于大气区腐蚀混凝土,但其表观氯离子扩散系数小于大气区腐蚀混凝土。粉煤灰和矿粉掺量对于混凝土的抗氯离子渗透能力而言,其最优值分别为15%、30%。 相似文献
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LF4铝合金在海水中的腐蚀性能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对艇用铝材LF4及其它多种管系金属材料进行静态和动态条件下的自然电位、自然腐蚀率、电化学性能、电偶腐蚀行为等进行多方面的腐蚀试验，得出这些材料在静态和动态海水中的腐蚀性能指标以及变化规律。随着海水流速的增加，LF4铝合金耐蚀性迅速降低。LF4在天然海水中有钝化的趋势，但是钝化膜不完整易破坏。在与其它常用管系金属材料组成的电偶对中，LF4均作为阳极受到加速腐蚀。 相似文献
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The third Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE) was conducted in the summer of 2008.During the survey,the surface seawater partial pressure of CO_2(pCO_2) was measured,and sea water samples were collected for CO_2 measurement in the Canada Basin.The distribution of pCO_2 in the Canada Basin was determined,the influencing factors were addressed,and the air-sea CO_2 flux in the Canada Basin was evaluated.The Canada Basin was divided into three regions:the ice-free zone(south of 77°N),the partially ice-covered zone(77°–80°N),and the heavily ice-covered zone(north of 80°N).In the ice-free zone,pCO_2 was high(320 to 368μatm,1 μatm=0.101 325 Pa),primarily due to rapid equilibration with atmospheric CO_2 over a short time.In the partially ice-covered zone,the surface pCO_2 was relatively low(250 to 270 μatm) due to ice-edge blooms and icemelt water dilution.In the heavily ice-covered zone,the seawater pCO_2 varied between 270 and 300 μatm due to biological CO_2 removal,the transportation of low pCO_2 water northward,and heavy ice cover.The surface seawater pCO_2 during the survey was undersaturated with respect to the atmosphere in the Canada Basin,and it was a net sink for atmospheric CO_2.The summertime net CO_2 uptake of the ice-free zone,the partially ice-covered zone and the heavily ice-covered zone was(4.14±1.08),(1.79±0.19),and(0.57±0.03) Tg/a(calculated by carbon,1Tg=10~(12) g),respectively.Overall,the net CO_2 sink of the Canada Basin in the summer of 2008 was(6.5±1.3) Tg/a,which accounted for 4%–10% of the Arctic Ocean CO_2 sink. 相似文献
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钛/碳钢在海水中电偶腐蚀的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了国产纯钛和碳钢Q235在青岛近海海水中的电偶腐蚀情况。测定这两种金属材料的自然腐蚀电位和失重速率；用IM6e电化学工作站测定两种金属材料在海水中的稳态极化曲线，研究其极化性能；测定了碳钢与钛组成不同面积比、不同温度、不同海水流速时电偶电流的大小、方向，电偶电位，以及不同面积比时阳极的失重速率。结果表明，阳极的腐蚀速率随阴／阳极面积比、环境温度、海水流速的增大而增加，且阳极腐蚀速率随阴／阳极面积比的增大趋于极限值。 相似文献
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The vertical distributions of excess 210Pb and fall out 239, 240Pu imply a uniform sedimentation rate of 1·4–1·6 cm year?1 from 0 to 105–110 cm. This sediment accumulation rate is compatible with sulfate reduction rate data from this location. Below 70 cm only ‘aged’ refractory carbon is present (CR = 1·8% C) with an age of approximately 2400 years. This phase is present in a number of locations across Long Island Sound. Planktonic carbon (CP) is present above the 60–67 cm horizon. A value of 1·0 for AP (14C activity) at 32–37 cm was taken, AP = 1·285 was used for contemporary plankton. This was obtained by correcting the measured AP of a plankton tow sample for admixed refractory carbon. These values were then used to calculate CR, CP and CF (fossil carbon) at 32–37 cm and 6–12 cm. The only values compatible with the known sulfate reduction rate data are CR equal to pre 60–67 cm levels (1·6–1·8% C), CF being 0·3% C at both depths, and CP decreasing with depth from 0·3 to 0·4% C at 6–12 cm to close to zero at 32–37 cm. 相似文献
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J. M. Morrison S. Gaurin L. A. Codispoti T. Takahashi F. J. Millero W. D. Gardner M. J. Richardson 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2001,48(19-20)
This paper discusses the seasonal evolution of the hydrographic and biogeochemical properties in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) during the US Joint Global Ocean Flux (JGOFS) Antarctic Environment and Southern Ocean Process Study (AESOPS) in 1997–1998. The location of the study region south of New Zealand along 170°W was selected based on the zonal orientation and meridional separation of the physical and chemical fronts found in that region. Here we endeavor to describe the seasonal changes of the macronutrients, fluorescence chlorophyll, particulate organic carbon (POC), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the upper 400 m of the ACC during the evolution of the seasonal phytoplankton bloom found in this area. While the ACC has extreme variability in the meridional sense (due to fronts, etc.), it appears to be actually quite uniform in the zonal sense. This is reflected by the fact that a good deal of the seasonal zonal changes in nutrients distributions at 170°W follow a pattern that reflects what would be expected if the changes are associated with seasonal biological productivity. Also at 170°W, the productivity of the upper waters does not appear to be limited by availability of phosphate or nitrate. While there is a significant decrease (or uptake) of inorganic nitrogen, phosphate and silicate associated with the seasonal phytoplankton bloom, none of the nutrients, except perhaps silicate (north of the silicate front) are actually depleted within the euphotic zone. At the end of the growing season, nutrient concentrations rapidly approached their pre-bloom levels. Inspection of the ratios of apparent nutrient drawdown near 64°S suggests N/P apparent drawdowns to have a ratio of 10 and N/Si apparent drawdowns to have a ratio of >4. These ratios suggest a bloom that was dominated by Fe limited diatoms. In addition, the surface water in the Polar Front (PF) and the Antarctic Zone (AZ) just to the south of the PF take up atmospheric CO2 at a rate 2–3 times as fast as the mean global ocean rate during the summer season but nearly zero during the rest of year. This represents an important process for the transport of atmospheric CO2 into the deep ocean interior. Finally, the net CO2 utilization or the net community production during the 2.5 growing months between the initiation of phytoplankton blooms and mid-January increase southward from 1.5 mol C m−2 at 55°S to 2.2 mol C m−2 to 65°S across the Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ) into the AZ. 相似文献
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The age and growth of filefish, Thamnaconus modestus (Günther 1877) in the southern waters of Korea were investigated. Samples were collected with commercial trawl catches during the period from May 2009 to December 2011. Of the 2,626 specimens collected, the sex ratio was not significantly different from 1:1 (P > 0.05). The total length ranged from 11.3 to 42.1 cm. The gonadosomatic index for both sexes was the highest in May to June, indicating that May to June is the main spawning period. The length of females at sexual maturity was 25.92 cm. The length-weight relationship of the filefish was TW = 0.0121TL3.0536 (n = 1,692, r2 = 0.9034, P < 0.001). The age of the sampled individuals was estimated by counting growth rings recorded on the 5th vertebrae; ages ranged from 0 to 9 years. The filefish of the same age displayed a high individual variation in total length. Length-at-age data were fitted by using the Von Bertalanffy growth model. The estimated Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L∞ = 42.04 cm, k = 0.21 year?1 and t0 = ?1.56 for females, L∞ = 41.20 cm, k = 0.18 year?1 and t0 = ?2.36 for males, and L∞ = 43.16 cm, k = 0.17 year?1 and t0 = ?2.18 for the combination of both male and female. These data can be used as useful biological information for the future fishery management of filefish resources in Korean waters. 相似文献
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A suite of selected Tertiary mudstones was studied to improve the knowledge about microstructure and related transport processes in mudstones. Samples were investigated by mercury- and Wood's metal injection, SEM, XRD, and grain size analysis. Wood's metal injection has the advantage of visualising the ‘frozen’ injection process. The smallest pore casts observed were down to 40 nm in diameter, while the largest, bottle-shaped pores were up to 5 μm in diameter. Bottle-shaped pores occurred in all the samples, usually around silt or sand grains. One sample, which had a porosity of 28.5% according to mercury injection data, had not been impregnated by the molten alloy. We suggest this to reflect a strong deformation of the clay fabric by the high pressure without intrusion into the matrix. This raises questions about the reliability of mercury injection data for very fine-grained, highly porous sediments.After excluding these very fine-grained samples and one very calcareous sample regressions were found which relate porosity (φ), clay content (C), and sand content (S) to capillary displacement pressure (Pd(Hg)): Pd(Hg)=−25.05+0.63 C+0.29S (R2=0.92), and Pd(Hg)=−10.24+0.47 C−0.15φ (R2=0.88). 相似文献
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研究了氧化还原电位(Oxidation Reduction Potential, ORP)对海水中碳钢腐蚀电化学特征的影响,应用动电位极化曲线法探讨了 ORP 与碳钢腐蚀行为之间的关系。结果表明,海水的 ORP 参数对碳钢腐蚀行为具有较大的影响,其中 O2/OH?电对的作用占主导,其他电对如 Fe3+/Fe2+也有一定的影响。随着海水 ORP 的增大,其氧化能力越强,碳钢腐蚀电流增大,腐蚀速度加快。水质相对稳定的开放性大洋海水中,可以考虑海水氧化还原电位在碳钢腐蚀速度预测评估中的应用。 相似文献
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Three colonies of the erect, robust branching, cheilostome bryozoan Adeonellopsis sp. were collected from Doubtful Sound, New Zealand, to investigate within‐colony variation in carbonate mineralogy. One‐hundred‐and‐twenty‐one sections from 9 branches were found to contain mostly aragonite, with calcite ranging from 1.1 to 7.3 wt% (mean ± SD = 2.4 ± 1.2 wt%, n = 120). The magnesium (Mg) content in calcite ranged from 5.3 to 13.1 wt% magnesium carbonate (8.8 ± 1.0 wt% MgCO3; n = 120). Calcite content decreased with increasing age proximally along the branch, indicating that secondary thickening is achieved with aragonite. In contrast, an oscillating trend in Mg content along branches suggests that seasonal or interannual environmental parameters may influence this geochemical parameter. Mineralogical variability highlights the need for multiple samples from the same colony to be measured when determining quantitative carbonate mineralogy in bryozoans. Bimineralic bryozoans such as Adeonellopsis sp. may have lower preservation potential than monomineralic bryozoans, and consequently may not survive diagenesis to become fossils. Bimineralic species may also be more vulnerable to dissolution pressure and possible ocean acidification than monomineralic calcitic taxa. 相似文献