共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
转“全鱼”溶菌酶基因大菱鲆的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
用大西洋条鳕(Macrozoarces americanus)抗冻蛋白启动子opAFP promoter和牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)c型溶菌酶基因构建“全鱼”溶菌酶基因元件opAFP—ly，首次应用电脉冲精子介导法将该基因片段导入到大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)受精卵内，获得原代转基因大菱鲆。先后采用单因子方法和正交实验方法，重复实验确定了最适导入条件：脉冲电压为400V／cm，脉冲次数为5，脉冲宽度为25ms，外源DNA浓度为50mg/L。利用最适导入条件，实现基因元件大规模转移。采用PCR技术对1月龄的原代转基因大菱鲆仔鱼的染色体DNA进行分析，结果表明外源基因的整合率可达28％。 相似文献
2.
对外源基因导入大菱鲆(Scophthat musmaximus)的两种方法进行了研究,采用经过改进的电脉冲方法以及哺乳动物细胞中常用的转染法导入外源基因,并对两种方法进行比较。电脉冲最佳导入条件为:脉冲电压为300V/cm,脉冲次数为5,外源DNA质量浓度为20mg/L;转染法的最佳操作时间为受精后50min。应用上述两种方法进行批量转基因鱼实验,得到外源基因的导入率分别为20%～28%和60%～70%。实验表明利用转染试剂jetPEI处理单细胞期的大菱鲆受精卵能得到较高的孵化率及较高的转基因效率。 相似文献
3.
马氏珠母贝选群F1的表型性状的相关和通径分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从7月龄的F1群体随机取样120个体，测量表型性状并进行相关和路径分析。所测量的表型性状包括壳长、壳高、壳宽、壳重和仝湿重共5个指标。结果表明：（1）壳长、壳高、壳宽、壳重和全湿重存在显著的相关性（P〈0．05）。全湿重与壳长、壳高、壳宽和壳重存在显著的正相关（P〈0．05），相关系数分别为0．8970、0．6974、0．6521和0．5486。（2）壳重、壳高、壳宽和壳长对全湿重具有正直接影响，其值分别为0．6356、0．1872、0．1814和0．0599。结果说明了通过直接选择或间接选择可以改良马氏珠母贝选群F1的壳长、壳高、壳宽、壳重和全湿重等生长性状。 相似文献
4.
使用美国北卡罗来纳州的 FRF 1985—2016 年的极值波高及其持续时间数据，采用最优的 Gumbel-Hougaard copula函数和 Kendall 分布函数构建极值波高和相应历时不同组合的联合概率分布模式，分析各个组合的遭遇概率、“或”重现期、“且”重现期和 Kendall 重现期，以出现最大可能概率的方法推算各组合联合设计值。结果表明：Kendall 重现期所对应的累积频率更准确地代表了特定设计频率下的风险率；重现期分别为 5 年、10 年、20 年、50 年、100 年、200 年推算的 Kendall重现期设计值介于“或”重现期和“且”重现期设计值之间，小于相应的边缘分布设计值；基于 Kendall 重现期的极值波高及其持续时间不同重现期组合推算的结果可为海洋工程构筑物设计与风险管理提供新的选择与参考。 相似文献
5.
以马氏珠母贝（Pinctada martensii）肉为原料，选用6种蛋白酶在各自适宜的条件下进行酶解，采用HPLC法分析酶解产物对血管肾张素转换酶（ACE）的抑制活性（IP），筛选出碱性蛋白酶为其制备的最佳酶种类，并确定了水解度为21％时，产物具有较好的抑制活性。在此基础上，分别考察了加酶量，底物浓度，酶解温度及pH对水解度的影响。结果表明：当加酶量为0．175g／L，底物浓度为35g／L，温度为45℃，pH为9．5，水解时间240min为酶解最适宜工艺条件。通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定分子质量分布，表明酶解产物中主要为14．4ku以下的多肽分子。 相似文献
6.
本试验是利用海捕日本对虾，根据它的生活习性和生态特点，在室内水泥池内采用模仿自然条件，在不损害其生理机能的情况下，尽可能满足其性腺成熟所需要的生理生态条件的方法，即在自然水温下，采用弱光（在501X以内），雌雄比1：1，池底铺砂（铺砂面积占全面积的1/2，厚度为10～20cm）以及投喂新鲜牡蛎等进行人工越冬促熟。本试验，越冬的水温最低为14．2℃；比重为1．0215～1．0240；pH为8．0～8．5；亲虾越冬池为15m×2m×1m。其结果：越冬亲虾的存活率为85％；成熟率为74％；亲虾的产卵量为15×144～30×104粒；受精率为95％以上；孵化率为90％～95％。试验表明，不采用切除眼柄的方法，同样可达到日本对虾性腺成熟的目的；个体较大（20cm以上），其成熟率和存活率都较高，产卵量亦较多，因此应选用个体大的对虾进行越冬促熟，效果较好。本试验进行了日本对虾生产性育苗，其育苗工艺与其它虾种大同小异。育苗时，幼体的饵料应多样化；当变态进入Z2时，就兼投少量的刚孵出的卤虫幼体，能提高幼体的存活率。采用本方法进行越冬促熟，操作和管理方便，易于在生产上推广应用。 相似文献
7.
不同养殖期的凡纳滨对虾外壳膜NAGase基本性质比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以不同生长期的凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）的外壳为材料，分离提取外壳膜N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（EC3．2．1．52，NAGase），测定分析不同生长期的外壳膜NAGase的酶比活力及其性质的变化．结果表明：不同生长期的酶活力、最适温度、催化反应的动力学参数（Km、vm）、活化能等均存在差异．不同生长期酶的最适pH均为5．5．不同生长期的对虾外壳膜NAGase对Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋和Hg^2＋的敏感性也不同．Cu^2＋对养殖8周对虾外壳膜NAGase的激活作用最为显著，可以使酶活力提高到400％．Zn^2＋对不同生长期的酶活力均有抑制作用，但对成体对虾酶抑制作用最为显著，可以使酶活力下降80％．Hg^2＋对各个生长期的酶活力影响效果也不一样，当浓度为0．1mmol／dm^3时，仅对养殖6、8、9周的对虾的酶有激活作用，当Hg“浓度为1．0mmol／dm^3时，五个生长期的虾皮NAGase活力均受到不同程度抑制． 相似文献
8.
陆缘气体水合物的一个显著特征是似海底反射(BSR)。该反射通常与预测的气体水合物稳定区域的底部相一致。因为气体水合物的出现受到温压条件的控制，有人认为BSR标志着一个等温面，所以可以用它来估计陆缘热流。关键参数有BSR深度的温度、海底温度以及BSR与海底之间的热导率结构。然而，这些所需参数通常难以得到，必须用气体水合物稳定性模型和地震速度得出热导率的经验方程求取。在本文中．使用了钻穿气体水合物区域的l0个ODP站位的井下温度、热导率、孔隙度和测井数据来研究估计值的质量。我们对巴基斯坦马克兰陆缘的约束条件的分析和应用如下：(i)尽管毛细作用力、化学杂质或不平衡条件会降低(或升高)BSR深度的温度，但是该温度依然可以用海水一甲烷体系近似算出。倘若能对热探针测量加以校准，则地温梯度的误差会小于10％，否则可出现高达20％或者更高的不确定性。此外．因必须考虑底部水温的季节性变化．这又可对温度梯度的影响造成达近10％的误差；(ii)一定数量的低热导率气体水合物对体积热导率的影响可以忽略；(iii)BSR与海底之间的热导率剖面通常可以用平均值近似算出；(iv)应该用海底测量代替经验方程，因为经验方程会产生5—30％的误差。除了需要高质量的地震数据以外，一个先决条件是要有大量的热导率数据和海洋学数据。推荐使用热探针来测量地温梯度，这可使热流测量值的不确定性是其估计值降低到5—10％。如果不使用这些数据，则误差／不确定性可以达到计算值的50—60％。 相似文献
9.
Louis D. Zeidberg George Isaac Chad L. Widmer Heike Neumeister William F. Gilly 《Marine Ecology》2011,32(4):468-479
Egg capsules of the squid Doryteuthis (= Loligo) opalescens were reared in the laboratory to assess the dependence of time‐to‐hatching (incubation time) and hatching success rate on temperature and light regime. Both incubation time and hatch duration were found to be inversely related to temperature. More than 96% of paralarvae hatch from eggs reared at temperatures between 9 and 14 °C. Hatch rate drops below 90% in warmer and colder water. No eggs hatch below 7 °C, and the upper limit of viability is near 25 °C. The vast majority (91%) of hatchlings emerged during the dark phase of the photoperiod. Egg capsules reared at 13.4 °C with a supposedly commensal polychaete, Capitella ovincola, had a slightly higher hatch rate than those without the annelid. Because eggs are naturally laid closely together, crowding was hypothesized to cause decreased ventilation and a lower hatch rate. Crowding was tested by placing two capsules (rather than one) into the small incubation chambers (50 ml). This treatment did not result in a lower hatch rate at 13.4 °C, but at 21.4 °C it decreased the hatch rate by 20%. Brood incubation duration is related to temperature by the equation: Incubation (days) = 14.97 + 177.40 × exp(?0.119 × Temperature –°C) (χ2 = 282.5, P = 0.001). Stable isotope analysis confirmed that C. ovincola worms eat the capsule matrix, not the paralarvae. These polychaetes had a δ15N value of 12.79‰versus 12.06‰ for squid paralarvae, and 10.54‰ for the gelatinous matrix of egg capsules. This fractionation factor ε of 2.25‰ is consistent with marine food webs. Provision of nutrients and shelter for the annelids and increased hatch rate for the squid embryos suggests a symbiotic relationship between these organisms. 相似文献
10.
平鲷(Rhabolosargus sarba)养殖群体具有雌性生长优势的特点.应用冷休克方法进行平鲷雌核发育二倍体人工诱导,采用高温消毒的自然海水为精子稀释液,精液经强度为700μW/(cm2·s)的紫外线(UV)照射100 s,染色体遗传物质失活,卵子经激活后,可以获得95%～100%单倍体胚胎.实验结果表明:在卵子激活后5 min进行冷休克,温度0～8℃,处理时间持续15min,雌核发育二倍体的受精率达71.3%～82.7%,孵化率为24.7%～36.3%,2～6℃为适宜冷休克温度,此范围内的温度对雌核发育二倍体的受精率和孵化率没有显著影响(P>0.05),而与0,1和8℃实验组的受精率和孵化率差异均显著(P<0.05);在冷休克温度为3℃、持续时间为15 min的条件下,初始冷休克时间在4～6 min之间的受精率和孵化率均较高,分别达到60.0%～67.1%和30.6%～36.5%,其组间受精率和孵化率没有显著差异(P>0.05),而与其他实验组的孵化率存在显著差异(P<0.05);冷休克持续时间以11～19 min为宜,受精率和孵化率分别为46.9%～65.8%和31.7%～42.4%,在此时间内,冷休克持续时间对平鲷的雌核发育二倍体受精率和孵化率影响不显著(P>0.05).选用冷休克温度、初始冷休克时间和持续时间分别为3℃,5和15 min作为平鲷雌核发育二倍体的诱导条件是显著有效的. 相似文献
11.
The process of embryogenesis and larval development of the asteroid sea star Asterias amurensis (Lütken) was observed, with
special attention paid to morphological change and larval duration. In reproductive season, mature sea stars were collected
under floating net cages, located in Tongyeong, southern Korea. The mature eggs are 138 μm in average diameter, semi-translucent
and orange in color, sperms in good condition appear light cream to white-gray in color. Embryos develop through the holoblastic
equal cleavage stage and a wrinkled blastula stage that lasts about 9 hours after fertilization. Gastrulae bearing an expanded
archenteron hatch from the fertilization envelope 22 hours after fertilization. At the end of gastrulation, rudiments of the
left and right coelom are formed. By day 2, larvae possess complete alimentary canal and begin to feed. At this stage, the
larva is called early bipinnaria. In 6day-old larvae, the pre- and post- oral ciliated bands form complete circuits and the
bipinnarial processes start to develop. By day 12, the lateral and anterior projection of the larval wall processes along
the ciliated bands begins to thicken and curl, and the ciliated bands become more prominent. By day 32, early brachiolaria
are presented with three pairs of brachiolar arms. Advanced brachiolaria with a well-developed brachiolar complex (three pairs
of brachia and central adhesive disc) occur 6 weeks after fertilization. In the field, spawning of the sea star was observed
in April to May, settlement form larvae and just settlements seem to occur from June to July, and early juveniles occur from
August to September. Although we had not described the end of brachiolaria stage, it can be tentatively estimated that the
duration of the pelagic stage of A. amurensis is 40 to 50 days. 相似文献
12.
Kastelein RA Verboom WC Jennings N de Haan D van der Heul S 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(3):319-326
Two harbor porpoises in a floating pen were subjected to five pure tone underwater signals of 70 or 120kHz with different signal durations, amplitudes and duty cycles (% of time sound is produced). Some signals were continuous, others were intermittent (duty cycles varied between 8% and 100%). The effect of each signal was judged by comparing the animals' surfacing locations and number of surfacings (i.e. number of respirations) during test periods with those during baseline periods. In all cases, both porpoises moved away from the sound source, but the effect of the signals on respiration rates was negligible. Pulsed 70kHz signals with a source level (SL) of 137dB had a similar effect as a continuous 70kHz signal with an SL of 148dB (re 1muPa, rms). Also, a pulsed 70kHz signal with an SL of 147dB had a much stronger deterring effect than a continuous 70kHz signal with a similar SL. For pulsed 70kHz signals (2s pulse duration, 4s pulse interval, SL 147dB re 1muPa, rms), the avoidance threshold sound pressure level (SPL), in the context of the present study, was estimated to be around 130dB (re 1muPa, rms) for porpoise 064 and around 124dB (re 1muPa, rms) for porpoise 047. This study shows that ultrasonic pingers (70kHz) can deter harbor porpoises. Such ultrasonic pingers have the advantage that they do not have a "dinner bell" effect on pinnipeds, and probably have no, or less, effect on other marine fauna, which are often sensitive to low frequency sounds. 相似文献
13.
An unexplained result of broad-band transmission experiments made more than ten years ago by DeFerrari in the Straits of Florida (center frequency ~500 Hz, bandwidth ~100 Hz, water depth ~200-m, range ~20 km) is that the measured pulse response functions failed to show the expected multipath replicas of the transmitted pulse and instead were smeared into a single broad cluster (duration ~50-~350 ms) in which the unresolved multipaths fluctuated rapidly in geophysical time (coherence time ≪12 min) leaving only a relatively stable envelope that is useful for oceanographic inversion. It is demonstrated here that the effects of internal waves on sound pulse propagation in the Straits of Florida can explain these observed results, and it is suggested that similar instabilities of acoustic multipaths due to internal waves are to be expected in other shallow-water propagation conditions. The demonstration is based on numerical simulations with the broad-band UMPE acoustic model that includes multiple forward scattering from volume inhomogeneities induced by internal wave fluctuations that are described by a broad spectrum of excitation. The simulated temporal variability, stability, and coherence of acoustic pulse arrivals are displayed on geophysical time scales from seconds to many hours and are qualitatively in agreement with the measured data in the Straits of Florida 相似文献
14.
海上风电场建设期风机打桩会产生高强度的水下噪声,研究水下冲击打桩噪声的监测方法、特性分析及对海洋生物的影响是非常重要的。采用自容式水下声音记录仪,多点同步测量了福建省兴化湾海上风电场二期工程建设期单次完整的水下冲击打桩噪声,从时频域特性进行了分析,并利用最小二乘法拟合得到了打桩声源级和声暴露级。结果表明：水下冲击打桩噪声是典型的低频、高强度的脉冲信号,单个脉冲持续时间约90~100 ms,峰值声源级约209.4±2 dB,声暴露级约197.7±2 dB;主要能量分布在50 Hz~1 kHz频段,750 m测量点的该频段声压级相比海洋环境背景噪声,提高了约40~50 dB。水下冲击打桩噪声频域能量分布与大黄鱼的听觉敏感频段相重叠,对大黄鱼影响程度和范围较大,实际工程应用中宜采用声暴露级作为评价指标。 相似文献
15.
基于受精卵早期发育形态学的观察,对利用氯化钾诱导中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)三倍体的条件进行了优化.实验结果表明:中华绒螯蟹受精卵在产出后经历了变圆、体积膨大及卵黄团物质位置移动的过程;在15℃下,中华绒螯蟹受精卵在产出后40 min左右释放第一极体,80 min左右孵化膜形成并举起,5 h左右第二极体释放;氯化钾诱导中华绒螯蟹三倍体的优化参数为:产卵后1.5～2.0 h,用6 g/L的氯化钾处理4 h;孵化膜形成并举起可以作为中华绒螯蟹三倍体诱导开始点的形态学标记,其最高诱导率可以达到100%.实验结果为实现中华绒螯蟹三倍体苗种的批量生产提供了参考和依据. 相似文献
16.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):317-336
Cape hake in Namibian waters are demersal and mesopelagic spawners, spawning peaking offshore between 100 and 400 m deep, depending on local environmental conditions. The cross-shelf circulation, low-oxygen layers and mesoscale gyres are three important environmental factors influencing hake spawning behaviour and subsequent transport of the spawning products. Normally, hake spawn offshore near the bottom at depths of 150–400 m. However, during one cruise, spawning was concentrated below several subsurface mesoscale gyres, resulting in reduced dispersion of the eggs and larvae. When the low-oxygen layer above the bottom is pronounced, hake spawning has been observed close to the top of the layer at oxygen concentrations as low as 0.2–0.3 m? ??1. The relatively small size of the eggs and their high specific gravity make them ascend quite slowly from the spawning depths, 10–40 m per day. Consequently, hake eggs spawned deeper than 200 m hatch before they reach the upper mixed layer. The newly hatched larvae are relatively undeveloped, without functional eyes or mouth, and display little swimming activity during their first hours, but laboratory observations have revealed subsequent periods of downward swimming activity. Based on current field observations, on buoyancy measurements of eggs and larvae and on observed larval behaviour, it is concluded that hake eggs and larvae are transported onshore by features of the upwelling subsurface circulation that compensate for offshore movement of surface water. This may be the basic mechanism concentrating early juvenile hake nearshore. Spawning activity near the low-oxygen layer might be a behavioural adaptation to minimize egg predation, because few other species are expected to survive such low concentrations of oxygen. 相似文献
17.
摘除眼柄诱导斑节对虾成熟产卵的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本实验结果表明,摘除斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon Fabficius)左或右侧眼柄,可以诱导卵巢发育成熟产卵,且成活率高,亦不影响正常摄食和交配活动。不摘除眼柄和摘除两侧眼柄,迄今尚未见到卵巢发育之虾。 实验还表明:选择雌虾体长210mm、体重140g以上,在水温27—3l℃,盐度30—35‰,pH值7.2—8.5,弱光(光照度100—500Ix),光质为蓝或绿光,溶解氧4mg/L以上,外界环境尽量避免干扰,微循环水流动,饵料以贝类,日投喂量10%的条件下培养,催熟效果好。 本实验也为在对虾属中进行种间杂交培育优良品种提供了依据。 相似文献