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以青岛地区2002年的统计资料为依据,对该地区的生态足迹进行了计算和分析.结果表明,该地区2002年人均生态足迹为1.541 5 hm~2,生态承载力为0.375 1 hm~2,生态赤字达到1.166 4 hm~2.这说明青岛地区人类活动所产生的压力已经超出自然界的承受能力.通过分析,该地区的能源消耗高,生态赤字较大,农业和林业基本不存在生态赤字,可持续发展度较高,而近年来对海洋的过度开发及排污,导致青岛沿岸海域的生态足迹迅速增加,生态赤字越来越高.旅游产业虽然对生态系统产生了一定压力,但是给当地带来了较大的经济效益,青岛地区每公顷生态足迹可产生1 720美元的产值,高出了1 106美元/hm~2的世界平均值,是中国内地平均产值的4倍.青岛地区生态效益较高,但仍需采取相应措施提高其可持续发展度. 相似文献
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现代生态文明的系统研究始于西方工业化国家,是伴随着工业化的进程而展开。而我国的生态文明思想由来已久,早在5 000多年前就已形成了一套鲜为人知的人类生态理论体系。文章在回顾西方生态文明理念与中国生态文明思想的基础上,提出了海洋生态文明的内涵与本质。文章指出,海洋生态文明是以人与海洋的和谐共生为核心,以海洋资源综合开发与可持续利用为前提,以提升海洋对我国经济社会可持续发展的保障能力为主要目标,并进一步将海洋生态文明的内容归结为以下两点:1海洋生态系统的可持续发展,体现在海洋资源的可持续供给和海洋生态系统的良性循环;2人类社会的可持续发展,体现在社会经济的可持续发展和人的海洋生态文明意识的提高。海洋生态文明建设任务是以提高海洋生态文明意识为基础,以构建现代海洋产业体系为核心,以建设海洋生态安全屏障和有效控制入海污染物总量为保障,以海洋科技创新为依托,全面推进人与海洋的和谐共生、健康发展。在理论探讨的基础上,文章以厦门市为例介绍海洋生态文明示范区建设实践。 相似文献
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基于能值的山东省海洋生态足迹研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
能值-生态足迹模型是基于能值理论基础,结合生态足迹模型,运用区域能值密度将各项消费项目转换为可以直接相加的生物生产性面积,并以此来反映区域发展对区域环境资源的利用程度,衡量和评价区域海洋经济的可持续发展状况。将能值-生态足迹模型应用到区域海洋生态系统中,对海洋能值-生态足迹概念进行了界定,构建了海洋能值-生态足迹模型,并以山东省海洋生态系统为例进行了实证研究。结果表明,2010年山东省海洋生态系统总能值-生态足迹为1.74×106hm2,海洋生态系统总能值-生态承载力为1.60×107hm2,处于生态盈余状态,反映出山东海洋经济具有较强的可持续性。 相似文献
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海洋生态损失补偿指用海者履行海洋生态环境资源有偿使用责任,对因开发利用海洋造成的海洋生物资源价值和生态系统服务价值损失进行的资金补偿。文章介绍了海洋生态补偿制度的建立过程,梳理了山东省海洋生态补偿新旧标准的演变过程,对山东省海洋生态补偿标准的实施进行了探讨,并分析了山东省海洋生态补偿资金征收的经济效率。结果表明,按照旧标准,只考虑对海洋生物资源损失的补偿,每公顷用海所缴纳的生态补偿资金为8.143 3万元;按照新标准,考虑对经济生物资源和生态系统服务损失的补偿,每公顷用海应缴纳的生态补偿资金为12.043 9万元,比旧标准提高了48%。补偿标准提高,虽然增加了企业的用海成本,但还只是补偿了企业用海所造成生态损失的1/4左右,还有3/4的生态损失没有要求企业补偿,需要国家财政增加生态修复投入。山东用海生态损失补偿政策的实施,很好地发挥了环境经济政策的效果;企业主动缩减围填海等用海面积,采用环境友好的用海方式,既节约了企业用海成本,又减轻了对海洋生态环境的损耗。在全国推广山东的开发用海生态补偿制度和标准,可以有效地引导企业理性用海、集约高效用海,助力海洋产业绿色转型,体现生态文明入宪的重大意义。 相似文献
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为促进海洋生态修复和价值实现的协调发展,文章分析我国海洋生态修复和价值实现之间的关系及其面临的主要困境,根据福建省南平市“生态银行”的探索实践及其启示,以红树林生态系统为例,提出海洋生态修复和价值实现协同发展的方案设计。研究结果表明：我国海洋生态修复存在政策、资金和技术等方面的问题,海洋生态价值实现存在家底绘制、权责主体界定、确权内容和方法、产权交易的实现方式以及监管机制等方面的问题;借鉴“生态银行”对生态资源资产“分散化输入、集中式输出”的理念以及打造生态资源权益资本化运作平台的方法,应实现生态修复与生态价值的和谐统一,偏重于通过生态修复提高生态产品供给侧升级,从而实现生态价值;将红树林生态修复与高效工厂化海水养殖相结合,提高生态资源利用效率,开展“红树林生态银行”资产运作,实现红树林生态修复和价值实现的和谐统一。 相似文献
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为探索海洋领域生态产品价值实现机制，实现海洋生态资源集约节约与可持续利用，文章在梳理国内现有的海洋生态产品价值实现发展模式、剖析存在问题的基础上，借鉴国内外案例成功经验，提出了基于生态产业化模式的海洋生态产品价值实现机制。研究认为，海洋生态产业化需具备3个必备条件：①实施区域必须具有独特的可供开发的海洋自然生态资源优势；②产业化过程必须控制在海洋生态系统承载力限度内；③要符合海洋产业发展规律。基于生态产业化模式的海洋生态产品价值实现机制需做好5个方面的工作。①明确1个发展目标：实现海洋生态资源的保值增值；②奠定好2项工作基础：做好资源调查评价和生态承载力评估；③建立3个支撑保障：顶层规划、监管机制和引导机制；④创造4项推动力：通过政策、科技、人才和资本市场产生创新发展的动能；⑤建立5步实现路径：逐步实现新技术、新产品、新企业、新模式，最终形成新业态。在推动海洋生态产业化的进程中，建议将海洋资源保护利用的监管工作贯穿于生态产业化的全过程，严格禁止超出生态承载能力的产业化过程。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献