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南沙群岛南永1井珊瑚礁岩心声速垂向变化与地质事件 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
珊瑚礁央心声速垂向变化与地质事件、沉积相、沉积岩石学、埋藏深度等有关。南永１井研究结果表明,在琵琶Ⅱ事件、布容正极性、松山反极性和松山反极性转换期、上桂事件和贾拉米洛事件时期形成的礁坪相珊瑚礁岩心声速Ｃｐ出现异常,Ｘｉ湖相珊瑚礁岩心声速值Ｃｐ较低。但物理机制尚未清楚,有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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珊瑚礁地层中的暴露面是海平面变化的忠实记录, 对地层层序的划分和研究珊瑚礁体的生长发育过程具有重要意义。本文基于手标本观察与薄片鉴定、碳氧同位素和矿物组成分析, 识别了南沙美济岛南科1井第四纪生物礁碳酸盐岩地层中的典型暴露面, 剖析了主要暴露面与海平面变化及珊瑚礁发育演化的关系。在南科1井(NK-1)第四纪地层中典型暴露面附近以出现大量溶蚀孔穴和红褐色或锈黄色钙质结核为特征, 其碳氧同位素偏负, 并富集Al、Th、Fe和稀土元素, 具有典型碳酸盐岩风化壳的特征。南科1井全新世礁体发育在晚更新世暴露面之上, AMS14C和U-Th年龄数据证实美济岛全新世珊瑚礁生长时段与南海其他珊瑚岛礁一致, 主要发育在8.2~4.7ka时期, 该时段海平面的缓慢上升为珊瑚礁连续垂向生长提供了有利环境。Sr同位素和古地磁年龄标定的南科1井更新世地层中的主要暴露面时代与南沙永暑礁和西沙群岛珊瑚礁地层中的暴露面时代基本一致, 主要暴露面对应于全球第四纪低海平面时期。 相似文献
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珊瑚礁生物地貌过程的生物建造与生物侵蚀 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
珊瑚礁生物建造和生物侵蚀是珊瑚礁生物地貌过程的两个关键环节,两者之间的平衡关系决定着珊瑚礁生物地貌过程的动态变化,控制着珊瑚礁地貌结构和形态。珊瑚礁生物建造和生物侵蚀受海水富营养化、海水温度异常、海平面变化和风暴等多种自然环境因素的影响,同时还面临日益加剧的人类开发活动的威胁。现代全球变化和人类活动影响下的珊瑚礁生物建造和生物侵蚀研究对认识珊瑚礁生物地貌过程与全球变化和人类活动影响的相互作用和响应机制有重要意义。对当前国际上珊瑚礁生物地貌过程的生物建造和生物侵蚀研究的现状进行了概述,并对国内的相关研究提出了建议。 相似文献
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西沙晚中新世以来礁相地层中有孔虫动物群的分布及其意义 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文依据西琛1井和西永2井400m以上井段岩心样品中的有孔虫鉴定结果,将西沙礁相地层中的有孔虫分为6个组合段,并依据有孔虫带化石的分布对晚第三纪以来的地层时代进行了划分。并对研究西沙珊瑚礁发育与演化起到一定的作用。 相似文献
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应用现代地表不同环境的碳酸盐成岩特征，分析“南永１井”井深１５２ｍ的珊瑚礁岩心的成岩变化，发现这１５２ｍ珊瑚礁层中有３个沉积间断面（分别位于井深１７，９０和１４２ｍ处），分为４个沉积旋回，分属４次海平面上升期建造，３个沉积间断面是３次海平面下降期形成的。 相似文献
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岩心声速垂向变化对古海水进退的指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
钻孔岩心声速Ｃｐ垂向变化与地质历史中的海进,海退事件有关：南海北部大陆架及东海大陆架的钻孔岩心声速垂向变化曲线,为揭示西太平洋边缘海在更新世以来至少发生过３次海进和３次海退的３次沉积旋回事件提供了佐证,海进所带来的海相沉积物的声速较低（１４５０－１５１０ｍ·ｓ＾－１）海退时所形成的陆相沉积物的声速较高（１６５０－１７２０ｍ·ｓ＾－１）。 相似文献
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南沙群岛永暑礁泻湖岩心的氨基酸与沉积环境 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
南沙群岛永暑礁小泻湖南永3井的高分辨率岩心系统揭示了环礁泻湖近1682aBP来的沉积柱样的氨基酸组成和含量，其垂直变化同该岩心的有机孔虫丰度、微型腹足类丰度和δ^18O含量的垂直变化基本一致，反映了沉积环境及其变化。南沙群岛珊瑚礁区与中国及全球的历史气候变迁是同步的。 相似文献
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本文应用声速Cp和Cs对沉积物特性进行判别研究，给出了理论根据和实践的结果，表明高声连（Cp＞Co）的沉积物大多数为粗颗粒、低含水量和孔隙度；低声连（Cp＜Co）的沉积物大多数为细颗粒、高含水量和孔隙度。岩心声速垂向变化亦可以结合沉积相和环境因素判别出古海洋和地质事件。 相似文献
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On the basis of the sound velocity measurements of the coral reef core from Nanyong No.1 well of Yongshu Reef in the Nansha Islands,the paper studies the relations between the vertical sound velocity transition features in the coral reef core and the corresponding stratigraphic depositional facies change as well as stratigraphic gap of erosion,analyses the cause of the sound velocity transition,expounds the concrete process of the sea level change resulting in the stratigraphic gap of erosion and facies change in the coral reef and explains the relations between the vertical sound velocity transition in the coral reef core and the corresponding stratigraphic paleoclimate and the sea level change.This study is of important practical value and theoretical significance to the island and reef engineering construction and the acoustic logging for oil exploration in the reef limestone area as well as the paleoceanographic study of the marginal sea in the westerm Pacific Ocean. 相似文献
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珊瑚礁灰岩是孔隙结构复杂、密度变化较大的一类岩石, 但过去对珊瑚礁灰岩纵波波速与孔隙结构的关系及其影响因素研究不够深入。本文测定和分析了南沙海区某岛礁钻孔中珊瑚礁灰岩的纵波波速、孔隙度以及密度特征, 结果显示礁灰岩的纵波波速变化范围为5104~5958m·s-1, 孔隙度变化范围为1.47%~17.7%, 密度变化范围为2.07~ 2.72g·cm-3。这些特征表明, 埋藏后的压实作用和重结晶作用, 对珊瑚礁灰岩的孔隙度和密度产生影响。珊瑚礁灰岩弹性波速主要受孔隙度和孔隙结构类型的影响, 礁灰岩横、纵波速比值能有效地确定岩体的结构和稳定性, 因此礁灰岩的声学特性研究成果可为珊瑚岛礁工程建设的稳定性评估提供可靠的数据支撑。 相似文献
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Mark J. A. Vermeij Meghan L. Dailer Sheila M. Walsh Mary K. Donovan Celia M. Smith 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(2):291-299
Much of coral reef ecology has focused on how human impacts change coral reefs to macroalgal reefs. However, macroalgae may not always be a good indicator of reef decline, especially on reefs with significant sea urchin populations, as found in Kenya and Hawaii. This study tests the effects of trophic interactions (i.e. herbivory by fishes and sea urchins) and spatial competition (between algae and coral) on algal community structure of reefs surrounding two Hawaiian Islands that vary in their level of human impacts. Reef‐building organisms (corals and crustose coralline algae) were less abundant and turf algae were more abundant on Maui as compared to Lanai, where human impacts are lower. In contrast to previous studies, we found no evidence that macroalgae increased with human impacts. Instead, low turf and macroalgal abundance were best explained by the interactive effects of coral cover and sea urchin abundance. Fishing sea urchin predators appeared to have cascading effects on the benthic community. The absence of sea urchin predators and high sea urchin densities correspond to a disproportionately high abundance of turf and crustose coralline algae. We propose that high turf algal abundance is a better indicator of reef decline in Hawaii than high macroalgal abundance because turf abundance was highest on reefs with low coral cover and few fish. The results of this study emphasize that understanding changes in community composition are context‐dependent and that not all degraded reefs look the same. 相似文献
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In consideration of the rapid degradation of coral reef ecosystems, the establishment of models is helpful to comprehend the degradation mechanism of coral reef ecosystems and predict the development process of coral reef communities. According to the characteristics of complex ecosystem of tropical coral reefs in China, the coral reef functional group is the core level variable; combined with the multiple feedback effects of coral reef functional groups and environmental changes, the study presents a coral reef ecosystem dynamics model with hermatypic corals as the core. Based on the simulation of the assumed initial value and the internal feedback of the system, the results show that in the basic simulation(relative health conditions), the coverage area of live corals and coral reefs generally decreased first and then increased, and increased by 4.67% and 6.38% between2010 and 2050, respectively. Based on the calibration model and the current situation of the studied area, the multi-factor disturbance effects of coral reef communities were simulated and explored by setting up three scenarios involving fishing policy, terrestrial deposition, and inorganic nitrogen emissions. Among them, in the single factor disturbance, the fishing policy exerts the most direct impact on the community decline; and the succession phenomenon is obvious; the terrestrial sedimentation has a faster and more integrated effect on the community decline; the effect of inorganic nitrogen emission on the community decline is relatively slow. In the double/multi-factor disturbance, the superimposed disturbance will aggravate the multi-source feedback effect of the coral reef communities development, accelerate the community decay rate, and make its development trajectory more complicated and diverse. This method provides a scientific and feasible method for simulating the damage of long-term coral reef community and exploring the development law and adaptive management of coral reef ecosystems. In the future, it can be further studied in the ecological restoration process and decisionmaking direction of coral reefs. 相似文献
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通过实地考察和资料分析,海南岛南部全新世以来以沉降活动为主要特征,鹿回头珊瑚礁能够反映全新世以来的海平面变化,鹿回头岸礁礁坪面上的原生珊瑚礁是全新世高海平面时期的产物。全新世以来南海北部至少存在过 4 期相对高海平面阶段:7300~6000、4800~4700、4300~4200和3100~2900cal.aBP。其中 7300~6000aBP 是整个全新世最高海平面时期,也是鹿回头珊瑚礁发育的繁盛期,基本形成了现代珊瑚礁的地貌格局,后来不同时期发育的珊瑚礁是在此时期形成的礁塘或礁坑等低洼地中形成,并在鹿回头半岛两侧向外发展,现代珊瑚礁则发育于全新世珊瑚礁的外礁坪和礁前斜坡带。另外,鹿回头珊瑚礁反映的南海北部全新世高海平面时间与南海其他地区高海平面时间可以衔接或对应,说明南海地区全新世高海平面具有全球背景,至少在南海是一致的,且与气候变暖紧密相联。 相似文献
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Pelayo Salinas-de-León Alba Costales-Carrera Stephen Zeljkovic David J. Smith James J. Bell 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
Recruitment is a key factor driving the population dynamics of scleractinian corals, but despite its importance, we still have a poor understanding of recruitment processes in the Coral triangle region, which contains the most biodiverse marine ecosystems in the world. This study aimed to compare settlement rates to artificial settlement panels with cleared areas of natural reef in order to assess whether panels are a suitable indicator of natural coral settlement rates. We recorded coral settlement rates to panels made of two different materials (concrete and terracotta), attached to the reef at two different orientations (vertical and horizontal), and compared these settlement rates to those on cleared areas of natural reef positioned on vertical reef walls, over a 12 month period. We examined settlement rates at four sites in the Wakatobi National Marine Park, south-east Sulawesi, Indonesia; two reefs were light-limited, highly sedimented sites with low coral cover (<10%) and two had moderate coral cover (approx. 40%) and lower sedimentation rates. Panels were directly attached to the reef at 6–7 m depth. The number of coral spat per tile ranged from 0 to 34 and no significant differences were reported between the settlement rates to cleared natural reef areas and settlement panels. Significantly higher numbers of spat settled on the cryptic (back) side of the panels, while no significant difference was found between settlement rates to the different panel materials, or between the different orientations or any combination of these two factors. There is, however, a significant difference in the settlement rates between sites, for both settlement panels and permanent cleared areas, with higher settlement rates at the sites with higher live coral cover. We conclude that both concrete and terracotta panels yield similar settlement rates, and orientation makes no difference to settlement rates when panels are directly attached to the reef. Our results demonstrate that artificial substrata provide comparable settlement rate data to natural substrata and therefore are suitable for monitoring coral settlement rates in the future. 相似文献
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Vertical Variations of Core Sound Velocity: Evidence of Paleooceanographic History Since the Pleistocene Epoch 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The vertical variations in the borehole core sound velocity (Cp) of the submarine sediments are related to the events of marine transgression and regression in the geologic history. This article establishes the vertical variation of Cp curve for the borehole sound velocity in the northern South China Sea continental shelf and the East China Sea continental shelf, thus providing evidence for revealing at least (3) sedimentary cycle events of marine transgression and regression occurring in the west Pacific marginal sea since the Pleistocene Epoch. The sound velocity of marine sediments brought in the course of marine transgression is lower (1450-1510 m/s) while that of continental sediments formed in the course of marine regression is higher (1650-1720 m/s). 相似文献