共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 531 毫秒
1.
海洋渔业对海洋生态系统的影响越来越受到人们的重视,考虑生态系统的管理已经成为海洋渔业管理的发展趋势.作者分析了海洋渔业对海洋生态系统产生的影响,包括捕捞活动对目标和非目标种产生的危害、渔业资源栖息地和环境破坏、生物多样性降低等;分析了国际上考虑生态系统的海洋渔业管理的法律框架、国际组织和有关国家的实践及其具体措施,指出了中国在此方面存在的问题:海洋生态系统的基础科学研究缺乏系统性和全面性;基于生态系统的海洋渔业管理的理论研究比较缺乏;相关的法律框架不够完善等.讨论了应用生态系统方法的海洋渔业管理与传统的海洋渔业管理间的关系,指出生态系统方法在其实践中将存在各种问题,认为生态系统方法应有选择地应用.对中国海洋渔业管理如何应用生态系统方法,建议:(1)加强海洋生态系统的基础科学研究;(2)开展基于生态系统的海洋渔业管理理论和方法研究;(3)逐步建立相关的法律和制度框架;(4)开展广泛的多部门合作和国际合作. 相似文献
2.
金秋九月，秋风送爽，首届全国海洋科技大会在北京胜利召开。此次大会的召开恰逢我国全面贯彻国家中长期科学技术规划的第一年，是我国建国以来首次以“海洋科技”为主题的海洋会议，会议以《国家中长期科学技术规划（2006-2010）》为指导，研究讨论了《国家“十一五”海洋科学和技术发展规划纲要》与《关于加快海洋科学技术发展若干意见》，部署了我国海洋科技发展的重点，明确了我国今后海洋科技工作的目标和方向，为共同构建海洋科技创新体制打下了良好的基础。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
6.
面向海域管理的海洋资源资产负债表编制框架研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
编制海洋资源资产负债表是海洋生态文明建设的重要举措,然而目前对海洋资源资产负债表的研究相对薄弱,存在关键概念缺乏科学定义、核算方法可行性不足、报表体系设计不完善等问题。本文基于"生态管海、生态用海"的理念,针对现有问题探讨了海洋资源资产负债表编制框架:首先,根据自然资源资产负债表编制的目的和要求,界定了海洋资源资产负债表编制过程中的关键概念,并基于此,进一步考虑海洋资源属性、开发利用特点和当前海域管理重点任务确定了海洋资源资产的核算范围,包括海洋生物资源资产、海洋空间资源资产与海洋矿产资源资产;其次,针对不同海洋资源的特性,提出了具有较高可行性的海洋资源资产实物量和价值量核算方法;再次,根据不同海洋资源的价值特点,确认了资源过度耗减、环境破坏与生态损害三种负债形式并提出了相应的核算方法;最后,基于以上研究,形成了较为完善的海洋资源资产负债表报表体系,以期为海洋资源精细化管理和科学配置提供技术支撑。 相似文献
7.
在全国海洋科技大会上，本刊记者就国家中长期科技发展规划纲要及我国海洋科技发展的有关问题采访了科技部社会发展科技司副司长孙洪。 相似文献
8.
9.
2004年，在党的“十六届四中全会”精神鼓舞下，在“三个代表”重要思想和科学发展观的指引下，国家海洋局国际合作司根据局党组提出的今后五年海洋工作的奋斗目标以及2004年的重点工作任务，精神振奋，团结拼搏，积极进取，开拓创新，创造性地开展工作，在维护国家海洋权益和开展国际海洋合作工作中取得了可喜的成绩。 相似文献
10.
对KSS31M型海洋重力仪阻尼延迟时间进行了修正,分别用修正前的110s阻尼延迟时间和修正后的60s阻尼延迟时间对南海某工区的重力数据进行了校正和处理,结果表明:用110s阻尼延迟时间对数据进行校正后得到的测量精度在平差前为1.6mGal,平差后为1.0mGal,用60s阻尼延迟时间对数据进行校正后得到的测量精度在平差前为1.4mGal,平差后为0.8mGal,平差前和平差后的测量精度均提高了0.2mGal。此结果证明了利用船只机动转向确定海洋重力仪在测量过程中的实际阻尼延迟时间方法的必要性和实际应用价值。 相似文献
11.
G.F. Humphrey 《Marine Policy》1981,5(3):270-271
The deliberations at UNCLOS have been watched with great interest by individual marine scientists and by those who have attended as observers on behalf of scientific groups. Most of all these scientists have been apprehensive that their ability (freedom) to carry out research would be significantly limited by many of the provisions of the ICNT. In fact, one author goes as far as to state that progress has been made, largely at the expense of the marine research scientist1. 相似文献
12.
13.
虽然我国海洋经济呈上升趋势,但由于传统产业仍占48.8%,新兴产业仅占46.0%,海洋开发的综合指标仍较低,仅为3.4%,比世界平均水平还低1.6个百分点。传统产业转型、新兴产业强化,将是我国海洋经济可持续发展的关键。据我们初步估算,若2020年前海洋产业总产值年均增长13.7%,则2020年该值第一、第二、第三产业之比可望达到19.4∶26.7∶53.9;若同期海洋产业增加值年均增长9.7%,则2020年该值占全国GDP的比重可望达到8.0%。显然,要实现上述目标,必须全力提高海洋资源开发和保护的科技水平。 相似文献
14.
Mind the gap: Addressing the shortcomings of marine protected areas through large scale marine spatial planning 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A blind faith in the ability of MPAs to counteract loss of biodiversity is fraught with risk, especially when MPAs are poorly planned and when the consequences of establishing MPAs are not adequately thought out. MPA shortcomings are categorized as one of five main types: (1) MPAs that by virtue of their small size or poor design are ecologically insufficient; (2) inappropriately planned or managed MPAs; (3) MPAs that fail due to the degradation of the unprotected surrounding ecosystems; (4) MPAs that do more harm than good due to displacement and unintended consequences of management; and (5) MPAs that create a dangerous illusion of protection when in fact no protection is occurring. A strategic alternative, which fully utilizes the strengths of the MPA tool while avoiding the pitfalls, can overcome these shortcomings: integrating marine protected area planning in broader marine spatial planning and ocean zoning efforts. 相似文献
15.
In recent times, the governance of the marine environment has evolved from being primarily top down and state directed to being more participatory and community based. This paper proposes that an extension of this trend would be the inculcation of a societal sense of marine citizenship to deliver the sustainable management and protection of the marine environment through enhanced individual involvement in policy development and implementation. The potential role of marine citizenship in UK marine governance was examined by surveying UK marine practitioner’s views on both the current and future role of marine citizenship. Observations from this study identified three key factors for discussion including conflicting opinions over the implementation of marine citizenship into policy; that marine-focused education and a sense of personal attachment are integral to the development of marine citizenship; and that as yet, the potential implications of an enhanced sense of marine citizenship are uncertain. This research highlights the recognition amongst marine practitioners that higher levels of citizen involvement in the management of the marine environment would greatly benefit the marine environment, with additional benefits possible through an increased sense of marine citizenship. 相似文献
16.
The regulation of the national marine radio service is performed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). This paper discusses the evolution of the Commission, the impact of national and international factors on regulatory matters, and the administration processes which describe the procedures for promulgating rules and regulations. The competitive pressures for the available radio spectrum, effects of existing precedents, and the impact of new technology on the rule making process is described with particular emphasis on automated VHF radiotelephone systems being developed for maritime use. The introduction of this service is considered in terms of the problems posed vis-a-vis compatibility requirements, signaling techniques, frequency utilization, impact on existing stations, and system considerations. 相似文献
17.
Marine mining may disturb the natural marine environment-solids, fluids, or organisms-by removal of materials, addition of foreign material, in-place mixing of existing material, or removal and subsequent replacement of material. Measuring the scope of such disturbances, of course, requires knowing the environmental conditions both before and after mining. Scientists disagree on what constitutes an adequate knowledge of baseline (premining) conditions, and instrumentation and techniques for measuring are not yet satisfactory. A wide range of instrumentation is necessary to measure the many physical, chemical, and biological factors involved. Some measurements must span enough time to encompass natural cyclic changes, but such long-term measurements are hampered by the lack of reliable submersible instrumentation. Inadequacy of measurement capability, for technical or economic reasons or both, is particularly evident regarding dispersion of fine solids and dissolved chemicals in mid-water and benthic layers and, to a lesser extent, in the surface layer of seawater. Especially difficult to measure or predict is the biological effect of mining. The most significant changes may be induced subsequent to the mining operation and may be some distance from it. Secondary effects resulting from these changes may not be obvious, but it is important that they be identified so that predictions can be made for other operations. Planned experiments to improve capability for prediction of effects should reduce the variety of measurement required. Many investigators fail to recognize the value of existing data banks, which consequently receive insufficient institutional financial support. 相似文献
18.
Seabirds as monitors of the marine environment 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
19.
20.
开发海洋资源，加快海洋经济发展，是我国的一项重要发展战略。贯彻和落实科学发展观就要统筹海洋经济的发展和海洋资源及海洋环境之间的关系，以法律为基础，以行政管理和执法监察为手段，通过科学的决策，协调海洋产业的发展步骤，为综合开发利用海洋、保护海洋，搭建良好的经济发展平台，促进海洋与人类的和谐发展。 相似文献