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1.
热带西太平洋浮游纤毛虫的垂直分布 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
于2014年12月至2015年1月在热带西太平洋沿台湾南部到雅浦海山一个断面和雅浦海山海区研究了浮游纤毛虫丰度和生物量的垂直分布。浮游纤毛虫丰度变化范围为0—635ind./L,生物量范围为0—1.53μg C/L,丰度和生物量高值分布于200m以浅,其中,砂壳纤毛虫丰度为0—45ind./L,占总纤毛虫丰度的比例在0—14.62%之间。浮游纤毛虫丰度垂直分布均呈现"双峰型"模式:在表层和叶绿素极大值层(DCM)出现高值。共鉴定出砂壳纤毛虫33属76种。雅浦海山海区优势种为纤弱细瓮虫、卢氏真铃虫、管状真铃虫、膨大波膜虫,西太平洋海区优势种为纤弱细瓮虫、海勒斯真铃虫、酒杯类管虫、尖锐号角虫。有些种类分布在100m以浅,有的种类分布在100m以深,说明砂壳纤毛虫在100m水深左右种类发生变化。 相似文献
2.
于2012年11月18日至12月21日,在黄、东海沿从南向北(26~36°N)一个断面24个站采样调查了表层(4 m)砂壳纤毛虫群落。共发现砂壳纤毛虫17属,32种。各站砂壳纤毛虫种丰富度为2~15种,砂壳纤毛虫总丰度为2 478~88 550个/m3。整个断面优势种为筒状拟铃虫、白领细壳虫、小领细壳虫和钝囊坎虫。巴西拟铃虫仅出现在青岛近岸(24号站),但丰度很高(10 960个/m3)。砂壳纤毛虫种类多样性从南向北降低,从近岸向远岸增加,黏着壳的比例在近岸水浅处较多,在水深大于50 m的站位,透明壳所占比例大大增加。不同种类的砂壳纤毛虫有着不同的分布区域,根据分布区域的不同,可分为南方种,北方种和广布种等。聚类分析结果显示,调查区的砂壳纤毛虫可以分为3个群落。 相似文献
3.
春季和夏季渤海湾近岸海域大型砂壳纤毛虫的群落结构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解渤海湾砂壳纤毛虫丰度、生物量及种类组成,于2011年春季和夏季在渤海湾天津近岸海域进行砂壳纤毛虫群落的采样调查。两个季节砂壳纤毛虫丰度、生物量、优势种及群落结构均有显著的不同。春季砂壳纤毛虫丰度的范围为0~1608个/L,生物量为0.00~20.03μg/L;夏季砂壳纤毛虫丰度的范围为2~313个/L,生物量为0.03~4.04μg/L。共鉴定出砂壳纤毛虫5属15种,其中拟铃虫属(Tintinnopsis)种类最多。春季的主要优势种为运动类铃虫(Codonellopsis mobilis,优势度为0.79),夏季的主要优势种为斯氏拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis schotti,优势度为0.28)和诺氏薄铃虫(Leprotintinnus nordqvisti,优势度为0.28)。春季砂壳纤毛虫群落的物种丰富度、Shannon指数和Pielou指数均明显低于夏季。 相似文献
4.
根据2017年8月北极斯瓦尔巴德地区王湾海域微小型浮游动物调查资料，研究了该区域微小型浮游动物的种类组成及群落特征。结果表明:王湾海域在水深10~50 m内存在一个明显温跃层，该温跃层内水温高于其他水层；不同水层盐度变化表现为从表层到底层逐渐增高的趋势，70 m以深海域的盐度基本保持稳定；微小型浮游动物包括无壳纤毛虫（Aloricate Ciliates）、砂壳纤毛虫（Tintinnida Ciliates）和甲壳类无节幼体（Crustacea Nauplii）3个类别，其中砂壳纤毛虫10种。甲壳类无节幼体和无壳纤毛虫均为微小型浮游动物的优势类群，砂壳纤毛虫中的钝笛杯虫（Ptychocylis obtusa）、挪威棘口虫（Acanthostomella norvegica）、网纹虫（Favella sp.）、百乐拟铃虫（Tintinnopsis beroidea）和白领细壳虫（Stenosemella nivalis）均为优势种类；微小型浮游动物主要集中分布在水体的中上层水域10~30 m，该海域温跃层内微小型浮游动物种类和丰度最为丰富，30 m以浅海域微小型浮游动物丰度约占整个水体微小型浮游动物丰度的54.8%，而100 m以浅海域这一比例高达93%以上，其中10 m层为最多（均值为343.3 ind./L），底层为最少（均值为50.9 ind./L）；整个调查区域微小型浮游动物的多样性指数均大于2.5，丰富度指数均大于1.2，均匀度均大于0.7，不同站位多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数波动范围不大，站位间差异不大。 相似文献
5.
2007年10月在南海北部设置13个断面(82个站位), 调查大型网采(孔径76 mm)砂壳纤毛虫的丰度、生物量和种丰富度.调查发现砂壳纤毛虫7属, 22种, 南海新纪录7种;其中Tintinnopsis(拟铃虫)最多, 共10种, Codonellopsis(类铃虫)次之, 共6种.砂壳纤毛虫总丰度为0-41 768ind·m-3, 平均为(2 851±7 244)ind·m-3, 生物量为0-609.92mg·m-3(以碳含量计算,下同),平均为(42.75±110.80)mg·m-3;76.83%站位的砂壳纤毛虫丰度低于 1 000ind·m-3.砂壳纤毛虫生物量与丰度分布的总体趋势为近岸高且站位间差异大, 远洋低且站位间差异小.所采集种类集中分布于雷州半岛以东的近岸浅水区, 此区水文状况为高温低盐, 高叶绿素a浓度(Chl a);不同种的分布规律不同, 多呈斑块状分布.各站位种的丰富度为0-12, 水平分布呈现近岸高远岸低的规律;砂壳纤毛虫的丰度、生物量以及种丰富度与Chl a浓度均为正相关关系;Tintinnopsis schotti和Tintinnopsis radix为优势种. 相似文献
6.
7.
于2015年夏季、秋季和2016年春季在天津大神堂海域人工鱼礁区进行砂壳纤毛虫群落的调查。3个季节共鉴定出砂壳纤毛虫10属31种,拟铃虫属（Tintinnopsis）种类最多,夏季砂壳纤毛虫种类最多。砂壳纤毛虫丰度、生物量和群落多样性指数存在明显的季节差异。砂壳纤毛虫丰度夏季最高[（379±355）个/L],秋季最低[（173±190）个/L];生物量夏季最高[（2.74±2.82）μg C/L],秋季最低[（0.23±0.21）μg C/L]。砂壳纤毛虫壳的平均口径夏季最大[（49.64±6.90）μm],秋季最小（26.76±4.55 μm）。砂壳纤毛虫群落Shannon多样性指数夏季最高（2.025±0.574）,春季最低（0.922±0.437）;Pielou均匀度指数秋季最高（0.682±0.276）,春季最低（0.448±0.266）。春季鱼礁区和对照区砂壳纤毛虫优势种存在差异,夏季和秋季鱼礁区和对照区砂壳纤毛虫优势种相同;3个季节鱼礁区第Ⅰ优势种的优势度均明显高于对照区。3个季节鱼礁区砂壳纤毛虫丰度和生物量均高于对照区,这可能是由于投礁后砂壳纤毛虫的适口饵料——nano-浮游植物丰度增加导致;3个季节鱼礁区Shannon多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均低于对照区,可能是因为本次调查是在投礁1~2 a后开展的,时间较短,鱼礁区砂壳纤毛虫群落尚不稳定,鱼礁区独特生态系统的变化尚需更长的时间来进行跟踪监测。 相似文献
8.
夏季南海北部沙壳纤毛虫种类组成及空间分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2007年8月夏季中国科学院南海海洋研究所南海北部开放航次期间,在北纬18°-22°,东经107°-122°范围内使用＂实验三号＂科考船进行了水体中沙壳纤毛虫的采样研究,探讨了沙壳纤毛虫的空间分布和种类组成。在36个站位中共鉴定出24属44种沙壳纤毛虫,其中优势种为长形旋口虫Helicostomella longa和根突拟铃虫Tintinnopsis radix,沙壳纤毛虫丰度变化范围为0–2200cell/L,平均丰度为221cell/L,从沿岸向外海方向,沙壳纤毛虫种类和丰度逐渐减少,其中A1站丰度最高（2200cell/L）,种类数最多（10）。夏季南海北部沙壳纤毛虫丰度与叶绿素a呈显著正相关,而与温度相关性不明显。夏季南海北部的上升流和珠江冲淡水携带的营养盐刺激了浮游植物的生长,影响着南海北部沙壳纤毛虫的种类组成和空间分布。 相似文献
9.
汕头沿岸水体沙壳纤毛虫季度变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在2007年枯水期(4月)和丰水期(11月)期间,对汕头沿岸海区沙壳虫进行了采样研究,探讨了沙壳虫的空间分布和种类组成.调查发现,除了表层海水温度以外,表层海水盐度、硝酸盐浓度、硅酸盐浓度均是春季低于秋季.在两个季节的5个采样点共鉴定出7属14种沙壳纤毛虫,其中优势种均为简单薄铃虫Lepmtintinnus simpl... 相似文献
10.
桑沟湾浮游纤毛虫丰度和生物量分布的季节变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2011年4、8、10月及2012年1月对桑沟湾进行了浮游纤毛虫丰度和生物量的季节调查。纤毛虫的平均丰度为(7 552±10 979)个/L,范围为408~61 667个/L;纤毛虫的平均生物量(以碳计)为(4.79±5.77)μg/L,范围为0.35~33.09 μg/L。无壳纤毛虫丰度和生物量主要分布在湾内,湾中和湾外丰度相对较低;砂壳纤毛虫丰度和生物量在盐度较高的海区总体较高,呈现朝向外海分布的趋势。纤毛虫丰度和生物量的高值区春季主要出现在湾的西北,夏季向湾中部迁移,秋季主要出现在湾的西南,冬季主要出现在湾的西部,高值区随季节大致呈顺时针迁移的趋势。纤毛虫的丰度春季最高,冬季最低;生物量夏季最高,冬季最低。无壳纤毛虫夏季粒级较大,冬季粒级较小;砂壳纤毛虫壳的平均口径夏季较大,秋季较小。共鉴定出砂壳纤毛虫8属27种,其中拟铃虫属(Tintinnopsis)种数最多。砂壳纤毛虫在纤毛虫总丰度中的比例平均为16.3%±21.9%,夏季最高(36.3%±27.8%),冬季最低(4.9%±5.9%)。纤毛虫丰度与温度、盐度、Chl a浓度及微微型真核浮游生物丰度均没有明显的相关性,但与蓝细菌及异养细菌丰度呈显著的正相关关系。 相似文献
11.
Ciliates are important components in planktonic food webs,but our understanding of their community structures in different oceanic water masses is limited.We report pelagic ciliate community characteristics in three seas:the tropical West Pacific,the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean.Planktonic ciliate abundance had"bimodal-peak","surface-peak"and"DCM(deep chlorophyll a maximum layer)-peak"vertical distribution patterns in the tropical West Pacific,the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean,respectively.The abundance proportion of tintinnid to total ciliate in the Bering Sea(42.6%)was higher than both the tropical West Pacific(7.8%)and the Arctic Ocean(2.0%).The abundance proportion of small aloricate ciliates(10–20μm size-fraction)in the tropical West Pacific was highest in these three seas.The Arctic Ocean had higher abundance proportion of tintinnids in larger LOD(lorica oral diameter)size-class.Proportion of redundant species increased from the Arctic Ocean to the tropical West Pacific.Our result provided useful data to further understand ecology roles of planktonic ciliates in different marine habitats. 相似文献
12.
A. I. Kafanov 《Oceanology》2008,48(2):233-238
Among the components of biological diversity such as taxonomic richness and ecological diversity (distribution of species with respect to their abundance), one should also distinguish the taxonomic diversity as a function of taxonomic richness and evenness of the distributions of taxa of lower ranks over those of higher rank. In the direction from the high latitudes to the tropics, the taxonomic richness and Shannon’s index of taxonomic diversity regularly increase, while the taxonomic evenness, on the contrary, decreases. Toward the north, a relatively small number of mass species become better manifested; they are approximately even over a few genera and families. In warm waters, more common is the existence of a relatively large number of families, which strongly differ in the number of species; each of the latter features low abundance parameters. The meridional asymmetry in the distribution of the taxonomic richness and diversity reveals itself in the higher values of these parameters in the northeast of the Pacific Ocean as compared to their values at the same latitudes in the northwest; in the former case, the trend of latitudinal variations in the taxonomic diversity is poorer expressed. 相似文献
13.
Abstract. Proportions of foraminifers, tintinnids, polycystine radiolarians, pteropods and crustacean larval stages were estimated in a collection of 76 vertically stratified (0 – 100 m) 30 µm net microplankton samples from 16 stations along the Argentine shelf-slope (around 200 m isobath – between 40 and 56° S), covered on 13 – 18 November 1996. Tintinnids were identified to species. Relative abundances of the microzooplankton assessed and chlorophyll a values allow to define two contrasting groups of stations: 'deep' and 'shallow'. The former, located in pelagic, purely subantarctic Malvinas Current waters, hosted higher proportions of foraminifers and lower proportions of tintinnids, as well as less chlorophyll a (all differences were significant at the 0.1 % level). 'Shallow' stations were located in the area of the thermohaline front where the Patagonian Current comes in contact with the Malvinas Current, and were generally characterized by higher chlorophyll a levels (up to 3.7 µg Chl a · l–1 ). The distribution of tintinnid species, on the other hand, allowed no discrimination between these two areas, although some of the dominant forms showed much higher relative abundances in one of the two groups of stations. Twenty-six tintinnid taxa were recorded, yet only 6 accounted for 95 % of the specimens identified. Tintinnid taxocoenoses were characterized by a few abundant species and many rare ones. Numbers of tintinnid species and specific diversity did not differ noticeably with depth and latitude. Cape Horn Current waters were detected in the area by the presence of expatriated organisms presumably originating at mid-latitudes in the South Pacific Ocean. 相似文献
14.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2002,49(7):1217-1232
We examined tintinnid (loricate ciliate microzooplankton) diversity using data from 11 stations between the Moroccan upwelling system and the oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean. Taxonomic and morphological diversity of tintinnids was compared to phytoplankton distribution and size-structure, to the abundance of competitors in the form of oligotrich ciliates, and predators as copepods. Tintinnid taxonomic diversity was estimated as numbers of species and the Shannon Index, H′; morphological diversity was quantified by substituting size classes of lorica dimensions for species. Total chlorophyll was partitioned into micro-, nano- and pico-fractions using pigment data and a size-diversity was estimated by considering the 3 size classes as 3 species. Along a west-to-east gradient, average water column concentrations of most organism groups declined approximately an order of magnitude yielding tight correlations. However, tintinnid diversity, both taxonomic and morphological, increased from the Atlantic upwelling station into the western basin of the Mediterranean, and declined slightly towards the Eastern Mediterranean, paralleling shifts in the chlorophyll size-diversity estimate. Diversity varied with absolute or relative abundance of oligotrich or copepods, but different diversity metrics were significantly correlated only with phytoplankton size-diversity. We conclude that tintinnid diversity more closely reflects resource diversity than competitive interactions or predation. 相似文献
15.
In the present study, we used catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization to quantify the abundance of five bacterial (Alphaproteobacteria, SAR11, Gammaproteobacteria, SAR86, and Bacteroidetes) and two archaeal (Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota) phylotypes in the epipelagic layer (0–200 m) of the Central South Pacific Ocean along 170°W from 0° to 40°S. We found that the distribution patterns of these phylotypes differed from each other. All phylotypes except Gammaproteobacteria were particularly abundant at the surface water of the equatorial region, whereas Gammaproteobacteria was relatively abundant in the area from the southern part of the South Pacific Ocean. SAR11, affiliated with Alphaproteobacteria was the dominant phylotype at all depths, throughout the study area. The abundance of SAR11 significantly increased with chlorophyll a concentration, suggesting that phytoplankton could affect their distribution pattern. There was a positive correlation between Bacteroidetes abundance and water temperature, suggesting that the temperature gradient could be a critical factor determining their distribution in the South Pacific Ocean. Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota were more abundant at the equatorial region than in other study areas. Euryarchaeota abundance significantly decreased with depth, and increased with chlorophyll a concentration. This suggests that there was ecological interaction between Euryarchaeota and phytoplankton in the equatorial surface. Our data indicate that distinct hydrographic properties such as seawater temperature, salinity, and the concentrations of chlorophyll a and nutrients can principally control the basin-scale distribution of different prokaryotic phylotypes in the epipelagic layer of the Central South Pacific Ocean. 相似文献
16.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2003,50(1):103-117
Nematode assemblages were investigated (in terms of size spectra, sex ratio, Shannon diversity, trophic structure and diversity, rarefaction statistics, maturity index, taxonomic diversity and taxonomic distinctness) at bathyal and hadal depths (from 1050 to 7800 m) in the deepest trench of the South Pacific Ocean: the Trench of Atacama. This area, characterised by very high concentrations of nutritionally-rich organic matter also at 7800-m depth, displayed characteristics typical of eutrophic systems and revealed high nematode densities (>6000 ind. 10 cm−2). Nematode assemblages from the Atacama Trench displayed a different composition than at bathyal depths. At bathyal depths 95 genera and 119 species were found (Comesomatidae, Cyatholaimidae, Microlaimidae, Desmodoridae and Xyalidae being dominant), whereas in the Atacama Trench only 29 genera and 37 species were encountered (dominated by Monhysteridae, Chromadoridae, Microlaimidae, Oxystominidae and Xyalidae). The genus Monhystera (24.4%) strongly dominated at hadal depths and Neochromadora, and Trileptium were observed only in the Atacama Trench, but not at bathyal depths. A reduction of the mean nematode size (by ca. 67%) was observed between bathyal and hadal depths. Since food availability was not a limiting factor in the Atacama Trench sediments, other causes are likely to be responsible for the reduction of nematode species richness and body size. The presence of a restricted number of families and genera in the Atacama Trench might indicate that hadal sediments limited nematode colonisation. Most of the genera reaching very high densities in Trench sediments (e.g., Monhystera) are opportunistic and were responsible for the significant decrease of the maturity index. The dominance of opportunists, which are known to be characterised by small sizes, might have contributed to the reduced nematode size at hadal depths. Shannon diversity and species richness decreased in hadal water depth and this pattern was more evident at genus than at species level. Epistrate feeders dominated and increased their relevance, determining a reduction of the index of trophic diversity at hadal depths. According to trophic diversity, taxonomic diversity and distinctness also decreased with depth. All diversity indices from the Atacama Slope and Trench were lower than in other equally deep areas world wide (e.g. Puerto Rico Trench). We suggest that such reduction was related to the high nutrient loading observed in this system (up to two orders of magnitude higher than in typical oligotrophic deep-sea sediments). 相似文献
17.
The structure of bryozoan assemblages from two Arctic regions (East Greenland and West Spitsbergen shelf) was compared. Both areas are located at the same latitude and the samples were taken from similar depths; however, the regions differed in water temperature and oceanography. East Greenland, which has lower mean annual water temperatures, was found to be one third richer in taxa (86 species) than West Spitsbergen (59 species). Diversity (Shannon–Wiener index – H′) and abundance were also higher on average in East Greenland (e.g. H′ = 2.49) than West Spitsbergen (e.g. H′ = 2.12). However for species richness, diversity and abundance there were no significant statistical differences between means (ANOVA) from the two regions. In spite of these similarities the investigated assemblages differed to a large extent in both species composition and dominance structure. There were 55 species that occurred only in East Greenland and 28 species that were present only in West Spitsbergen. There was higher proportion of species with an Arctic distribution in East Greenland (46%) than in West Spitsbergen (24%). Observed dissimilarities were concluded to be due to different hydrological conditions between the two regions. 相似文献
18.
Anna W. McCallum Gary C.B. Poore Alan Williams Franziska Althaus Tim O'Hara 《Marine Ecology》2013,34(3):298-312
The use of environmental data in biogeographic studies of the deep sea is providing greater insight into the processes underlying large‐scale patterns of diversity. Recent surveys of Australia's western continental margin (~100–1100 m) provide systematic sampling of invertebrate megafauna along a gradient of 22° of latitude (13–35° S). Diversity patterns of decapod crustaceans were examined and we investigated the relative importance of environmental and spatial predictor variables on both species richness (alpha diversity) and species turnover. Distance‐based linear models (DistLM) indicated a suite of variables were important in predicting species turnover, of which temperature and oxygen were the most influential. These reflected the oceanographic features that dominate distinct depth bathomes along the slope. The numbers of species within samples were highly variable; a small but significant increase in diversity towards the tropics was evident. Replicated sampling along the margin at ~100 m and ~400 m provided an opportunity to compare latitudinal patterns of diversity at different depths. On the shallow upper slope (~400 m) temperature was disassociated from latitude and the latter proved to be the best predictor of sample species richness. The predictive power of latitude over other variables indicates that proximity to the highly diverse Indo‐West Pacific (IWP) may be important, especially considering that almost 40% of species in this study had a wide IWP distribution. In the management of Australia's marine environments, geomorphic surrogates have been emphasised when defining areas for protection. We found sea‐floor characteristics were relatively less important in predicting richness or community composition. 相似文献
19.
The widespread mud crab, Scylla serrata, of the Indo‐West Pacific is an excellent model species to demonstrate how the colonization history of a species can be influenced by complex oceanographic conditions. Through the combination of ecological data (fossil records and paleo‐oceanographic conditions) and molecular data (coalescent simulations, network analysis, and nucleotide diversity tests), the phylogeographic history of S. serrata was re‐analyzed. Based on the analysis of mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I sequences, two major clades were identified for S. serrata, including a widespread clade (Clade I) with three disjunct geographic clusters (IA, IB and IC) and an endemic Northwest Australian clade (Clade II). Moreover, a significant phylogeographic structure corresponding to four subpopulations was revealed: Northwest Australia, West Indian Ocean, Red Sea‐South China Sea and West Pacific. A colonization history of a Northwest Australia origin for S. serrata followed by westward transmarine dispersal across the Indian Ocean for Clade I and sequential colonization from the West Indian Ocean to Red Sea‐South China Sea and West Pacific was corroborated. The Pleistocene fluctuations of paleo‐oceanographic conditions including surface circulations and physical topography in the Indo‐West Pacific might be responsible for the wide distribution, colonization history and genetic divergence of this species. 相似文献