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1.
0709号台风影响下粤东后江湾海滩地形动力过程研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
基于0709号台风"圣帕"影响下粤东后江湾的现场实测海滩前滨地形资料和水动力、风等资料,采用典型相关分析方法识别了台风影响下海滩前滨地形不同的变化过程,揭示了这些不同变化过程的主要控制因子,并尝试给出了物理解释。研究结果表明:(1)台风影响下海滩前滨地形的主要变化过程是水上滩肩被破坏—水下岸坡略有堆积—水下沙坝泥沙向海搬运,控制这一过程的主要动力因子是风速东向量、最大波高和碎波尺度参数;(2)海滩前滨地形的次要变化过程是海滩前滨泥沙向海搬运而形成水下沙坝,控制这一过程的主要动力因子是最大波周期和海滩地下水位;(3)海滩前滨地形也表现出前滨上部地带堆积、下部侵蚀的变化过程,控制这一过程的主要动力因子是沿岸流、海滩地下水位和最大波高。这些研究结果进一步揭示了台风影响下海滩前滨地形动力过程是由多个不同的地形-动力过程耦合作用而组成。  相似文献   

2.
在0307号台风“伊布都”(Imbudo)袭击华南沿海前后,对相距约300km的高栏岛飞沙湾(位于气旋前进方向右侧)和水东港下大海(位于气旋前进方向左侧)的固定海滩剖面地形及滩面沉积物进行了对比调查。调查结果表明,右侧海滩地形受台风暴浪冲击发生剧烈变化:后滨陆侧堆积,后滨向海侧及前滨滩面侵蚀(单宽侵蚀量达55m^3/m,平均海面(MSL)位置蚀退13m,岸线位置蚀退5m),以致剖面类型由滩肩式断面向沙坝式断面转变,表现出了海滩对台风做出快速响应;而左侧海滩剖面地形基本保持原状,虽也略呈侵蚀,但冲淤变化不大,表现为对台风做出迟缓响应。同时,从动力、滨海输沙、滩面沉积物变化和海岸地貌等方面对两侧海滩明显差异的风暴效应的机制进行了探讨。  相似文献   

3.
对潍坊人工沙滩二期工程竣工后海滩实测地形剖面进行研究,应用经验正交函数(EOF)提取海滩2013年5月至2015年11月6次剖面监测数据中的前3个模态的空间特征函数和时间特征函数,分析竣工养护后海滩剖面的时空演变特征及海滩的平面变化特征。第一特征函数表示竣工后海滩的总体冲淤变化,受到东西两侧丁坝加长和中间T型坝修建的影响,剖面的侵蚀程度较一期工程明显减小;第二特征函数表示受地形和水动力作用影响,前滨带出现滩肩剖面和沙坝剖面的相互转化;第三特征函数反映风暴潮、人为因素等偶然因素的影响;从平面特征来看,人工沙滩中部、东部较西部侵蚀严重。可见,二期工程建设起到了优化的目的,大大改善了人工沙滩的侵蚀,但仍需要持续有规律的对海滩进行监测,进一步深化对人工养护沙滩建设和维护的认识。  相似文献   

4.
台风影响下海滩前滨剖面时间变化差异性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用2006年8月2日至16日0606号台风“派比安”和0609号强热带风暴“宝霞”影响期间于粤东后江湾中部海滩前滨设置的地形剖面6个固定观测桩点上连续318小时的逐时高度观测值,基于一维最优小波包变换方法,分析了极端波况影响下前滨剖面不同高度固定点的时间变化特征,主要结果为:(1)位于剖面冲流作用上部的桩点1、2时间变化过程以2—5天的周期为主,反映了台风作用前后剖面的波动过程;(2)位于剖面中下部的4个桩点高度显示了2—4小时的周期性变化,进一步显示出台风影响期间短时高能侵蚀作用导致的剖面地形迅速调整,以及台风后潮汐周日变动对滩面地形的影响;(3)各桩点高频尺度的突变时间点反映出了台风暴潮增水作用和碎波带沙坝进退引起剖面的蚀积变化;(4)各桩点地形高度的低频变化显示出台风后海滩剖面朝向堆积和恢复的趋势。  相似文献   

5.
海滩剖面时空变化过程分析   总被引:23,自引:4,他引:23  
陈子燊 《海洋通报》2000,19(2):42-48
利用粤西水东湾海滩重复测量的地形剖面,通过经验正交函数变换与小波变换,分析了剖面变化的主要空间过程及其时间振荡特笥。结果显示,海滩剖面主要由占数据总方差90%的3个空间过程构成:水下砂坝运移、滩肩进退和后滨侵蚀。三个主要空间过程在时频域具有多尺度的振荡周期性。其中,水下砂坝运动以准季节性变化为主,滩肩和后滨地形蚀积则显示出准2个月变化周期性。剖面变化主要过程与影响海区台风作用密切相关。  相似文献   

6.
了解海滩剖面变化可以更好地理解海滩动态过程。利用2007年5月~2014年12月近8 a青岛石老人海滩剖面的实测资料,计算剖面各段单宽体积变化量及后滨宽度,结合交叉小波和小波相干分析方法,探讨海滩剖面中长期淤蚀变化特征及其控制因素。结果表明,近8 a来海滩剖面表现为侵蚀状态,不同岸段侵蚀程度不同。剖面1岸段侵蚀明显,剖面2和剖面3岸段轻微侵蚀。剖面的变化过程可划分为平稳期、剧变期和微调期3个时期。各时期剖面的季节性变化较复杂,平稳期具冬蚀夏淤的交替变化特征,整体淤蚀量较小;剧变期剖面呈阶段性蚀退,变化幅度相对较大,微调期剖面可能仍处于剧变期的恢复阶段,季节性变化不明显。剧变期和微调期的小波交叉谱和相干谱分析显示,波浪和前滨单宽体积相干性较好,尤其当大于2 m的波高达到10%以上,海滩地形可以和波高变化产生同周期的变化。因此波高变化基本控制了剖面的季节变化。而海滩长周期变化主要受控于风暴潮作用及其漫长的恢复期,沿岸输沙和海平面变化则一定程度上导致了剖面长期侵蚀格局的形成。  相似文献   

7.
根据广东省水东湾砂质海滩剖面1986年9月至1987年12月连续现场实测资料,采用径向基神经网络(RBFNN)的数据分类方法,基于Matlab7.0平台编程,建立了水东湾晏岭海滩前滨剖面的分类模型,精确度达到89.5%。并根据分类的结果,对水东湾海滩前滨剖面形态的变化规律以及在台风大浪影响下的形态特点进行了分析讨论,为进一步了解砂质海滩时空演变特征以及侵蚀机制提供了一种新的技术方法与思路。  相似文献   

8.
湄洲岛西南部海滩因1996年建造对台客运码头,引起了海滩剖面的变化,码头前沿淤积而报废。经过5年后,海滩剖面仍未能完全趋于平衡。为了了解码头建设对重塑后海滩的季节变化影响,在2001年3月、7月、10月和12月对码头所在海滩剖面地形进行季节重复测量,并对剖面变化进行比较分析。结果表明,重塑后海滩剖面的季节变化存在区段差异性,码头工程区海滩剖面仍表现为不断淤积,表明5年来工程建设造成海滩重塑后的变化过程还在继续;过渡区海滩剖面较工程区淤积程度减弱,部分剖面表现为侵蚀趋势,但总体逐渐向正常海滩剖面的季节变化方向发展;正常区海滩剖面的季节变化具有一定的规律性,表现为夏季上部侵蚀(后滨和高潮带)下部淤积(低潮带和浅水区),冬季上部淤积下部侵蚀,春、秋两季为中间过渡剖面形态。  相似文献   

9.
海滩的演变特征是海岸地形动力学研究的一个重要内容。基于在海口湾假日海滩连续33d的地形剖面观测数据和台风前后表层沉积物粒度参数数据, 分析了海口湾中间岸段海滩剖面及沉积物变化特征。利用经验正交函数分析, 得出观测期间海口湾海滩有4个主要模态, 分别对应于涌浪对海滩的建设过程、当地风浪对海滩的侵蚀过程、台风对海滩的侵蚀过程和海滩特征地形的调整过程。研究结果表明: 涌浪和风浪对海滩剖面的作用受到了潮位调制的影响; 海口湾海滩显示出遮蔽型海滩变化特征; 沉积物粒度参数对海滩变化反应敏感, 可以提供丰富的海滩演变信息。  相似文献   

10.
随着全球海平面的上升及极端气象的频发,全球海滩总体呈现出一定的退化现象,海滩保护成为海岸带生态修复的焦点问题之一。我国华南地区岬湾型海滩分布广泛,以深圳市大鹏湾官湖海滩为代表,基于2020—2021年实测海滩剖面高程数据,分析岬湾型海滩季节性变化特征。研究表明,官湖海滩剖面坡度夏秋缓冬春陡,夏秋侵蚀冬春淤积;海滩沉积物粒径季节性变化不明显。海滩剖面形态受风浪、平均潮位的季节性变化控制,以夏秋季为例,平均潮位逐渐升高,南向波浪强度较大,在二者的共同作用下,海滩后滨侵蚀明显,泥沙离岸输运,并在前滨淤积。补沙方案宜在夏秋季进行,且重点区域为官湖海滩东侧与观海湾海滩,防御方案应主要削弱南向波浪。  相似文献   

11.
Definitions of the ‘foreshore’ are described as presented in various coastal geomorphological and related textbooks. To many geomorphologists, the term foreshore is considered synonymous with the intertidal zone. These definitions are compared with the legal definitions of the foreshore as exist in Britain under the three different property law regimes: English, Scottish and Udal law. The legal definitions and many of the geomorphological definitions are based on tidal data. The differences between the observed tides at a tide gauge and on a beach at a distance from the gauge are considered. It is concluded that the term foreshore has a very specific legal meaning in each property law regime, therefore the authors propose that the term ‘foreshore’ should be used to relate to the legally defined area of the coast and, unless specifically referring to the foreshore, scientists should use the term intertidal.  相似文献   

12.
海滩侵蚀是影响临海建筑物稳定性的不利因素,临海工程可行性论证中有必要对海滩侵蚀情况做出评估,通常可通过海滩剖面某一段时期内的变化来反映海滩侵蚀程度的强弱。受海浪及潮流的影响,海滩地貌变化频繁,且具周期性,其剖面进行监测具有一定的困难。根据海滩地区的特点,结合传统水准测量的手段,介绍了一种海滩剖面监测的可行方案,并给出了数据处理方法,最后结合工程实例做出数据分析结果。  相似文献   

13.
C.F. Jago  J. Hardisty 《Marine Geology》1984,60(1-4):123-154
The foreshore of Pendine Sands forms the seaward part of an extensive, sandy coastal barrier in a shallow Carmarthen Bay, SW Wales. The sedimentological features of the macrotidal foreshore reflect a tide-induced modification of nearshore wave characteristics. As the tide ebbs, the breaker height may decrease, the surf zone widens and becomes increasingly dissipative, and swash/backwash velocities diminish. A concomitant change from plunging to spilling breakers and increasingly symmetrical swash zone flows are associated with a decreasing beach gradient.

A zero net transport model demonstrates that the beach profile is self-stabilising in the short-term, and periodic levelling has shown that the beach is in long-term equilibrium with prevailing conditions, though this does not preclude a significant dynamic response to changing tides and waves.

The flow regimes of wave-generated currents decline as the tide ebbs, and normal beach processes do not usually affect the lower foreshore. Accordingly, there is an overall seaward-fining of the primary framework component of the sands. In more detail, this framework component displays a slight seaward-coarsening across an upper foreshore dominated by high water swash and surf; a rapid seaward-fining across the mid-foreshore in response to the ebb-attenuating swash zone flow velocities; and a slight seaward-fining across the lower foreshore under the action of nearshore shoaling waves. Bedforms vary from a swash/backwash emplaced flat bed across the upper foreshore to the small ripples of nearshore asymmetric oscillatory flows across the lower foreshore.

The surface sediment veneer is not representative of the subsurface sediments which form in response partly to fairweather conditions, partly to storms. The upper foreshore is characterised by swash/backwash emplaced plane bedding in fine sands frequently disrupted by bubble cavities. The mid-foreshore is composed of coarser-grained shelly traction clogs arranged as landward- and seaward-dipping large-scale cross bedding and/or plane bedding; these are probably storm breaker/surf deposits. The lower foreshore, though partially and sometimes totally bioturbated, shows landward-dipping small-scale cross bedding in very fine sands sorted by nearshore shoaling waves.

Tide- and storm-induced modification of the nearshore flow regimes therefore produces a distinctive shore-normal array of sedimentary facies. Each facies is characterised by diagnostic textural and structural signatures. A prograding sequence of such macrotidal deposits would be similar to, but more extensive than, a comparable microtidal sequence.  相似文献   


14.
徐双全 《海洋测绘》2007,27(5):40-43
归纳整理了涉及海塘滩涂管理的信息数据,界定了海塘滩涂管理信息的各种术语,规定了海塘滩涂管理信息的分类体系和编码,确定了海塘滩涂管理信息的GIS图式符号标准,制定了海塘滩涂管理信息的属性表,为海塘滩涂管理信息的采集、存储、共享和交换奠定了基础。  相似文献   

15.
青岛汇泉湾海滩剖面变化特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
在海滩地形测量的基础上,分析了汇泉湾前滨海滩剖面沙坝、沟槽的短时间尺度变化特征。研究结果表明,2005年3~11月.海滩剖面沙坝顶沟槽底相对高度均变小,沙坝顶部宽度出现不同程度的变宽或变窄现象;在西北侧前滨海滩上,沟槽最底部淤高0.1-0.35m,沟槽轴线向陆移动距离较大,为17.5-3.5m,沙坝顶部淤高0~0.2m,沙坝顶部轴线向陆移动0~42.25m。而东南部前滨海滩上,大部分剖面沙坝顶被削平蚀低0.1-0.2m,沙坝项部轴线向海移动7~23.75m。在海滩西北部和中部的前滨海滩上,2005年11月沟槽最底部轴线到高潮线的距离为44~58m,沙坝顶轴线到高潮线的距离为63.75-98.5m。  相似文献   

16.
An application of the grain size trend analysis (GSTA) is used in an exploratory approach to characterize sediment transport on Camposoto beach (Cádiz, SW Spain). In May 2009 the mesotidal beach showed a well-developed swash bar on the upper foreshore, which was associated with fair-weather conditions prevailing just before and during the field survey. The results were tested by means of an autocorrelation statistical test (index I of Moran). Two sedimentological trends were recognized, i.e. development towards finer, better sorted and more negatively skewed sediment (FB–), and towards finer, better sorted and less negatively or more positively skewed sediment (FB+). Both vector fields were compared with results obtained from more classical approaches (sand tracers, microtopography and current measurements). This revealed that both trends can be considered as realistic, the FB+ trend being identified for the first time in a beach environment. The data demonstrate that, on the well-developed swash bar, sediment transported onshore becomes both finer and better sorted towards the coast. On the lower foreshore, which exhibits a steeper slope produced by breaking waves, the higher-energy processes winnow out finer particles and thereby produce negatively skewed grain-size distributions. The upper foreshore, which has a flatter and smoother slope, is controlled by lower-energy swash-backwash and overwash processes. As a result, the skewness of the grain-size distributions evolves towards less negative or more positive values. The skewness parameter appears to be distributed as a function of the beach slope and, thus, reflects variations in hydrodynamic energy. This has novel implications for coastal management.
Figure
GSTA model for Camposoto Beach, Cádiz, with FB– (finer, better sorted, more negatively skewed) and FB+ (finer, better sorted, less negatively/more positively skewed) textural trends dominating the lower and upper foreshore respectively  相似文献   

17.
《Coastal Engineering》2005,52(3):285-302
Modifications to a model describing swash motion based on solutions to the non-linear shallow water equations were made to account for interaction between up-rush and back-wash at the still water shoreline and within the swash zone. Inputs to the model are wave heights and arrival times at the still water shoreline. The model was tested against wave groups representing idealized vessel-generated wave trains run in a small wave tank experiment. Accounting for swash interaction markedly improved results with respect to the maximum run-up length for cases with rather gentle foreshore slopes (tanβ=0.07). For the case with a steep foreshore slope (tanβ=0.20) there was very little improvement compared to model results if swash interaction was not accounted for. In addition, an equation was developed to predict the onset and degree of swash interaction including the effects of bed friction.  相似文献   

18.
19.
上海市海塘滩涂行业信息管理系统研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
徐双全 《海洋测绘》2004,24(4):48-51
海塘、滩涂行业信息管理系统是防汛抗台的重要非工程措施。根据上海市海塘滩涂行业的管理特点,研究了适应行业管理特色的统一数据格式、基本框架和主要功能,并应用于8个海塘管理部门信息系统的构建,取得了较好的效果。详细介绍了系统的数据来源、内容、结构和功能,讨论了系统开发过程中数据库设计、关键技术,并展望了系统需进一步扩展的方向。  相似文献   

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