where k (M− 2 s− 1) can be determined from the
in the pH range 2 to 5, from 5 to 40 °C and 0.01 to 1 M.The effect of pH and ionic strength on the reaction suggest that the rates are due to
where H2A = H2CrO4, HA = HCrO4−, H2B = H2SO3 and HB = HSO3−. The overall rate expression over the investigated pH range can be determined from
k=kH2A–H2B(αH2A)(αH2B)2+kHA–H2B(αHA)(αH2B)2+kH2A–HB(αH2A)(αHB)2
with kH2A−H2B = 5.0 × 107, kHA–H2B = 1.5 × 106 and kH2A–HB = 6.7 × 107.Fe(III) in the range 1.5 to 20 μM exerts a small catalytic effect on the reaction and significantly lowers the initial concentration of Cr(VI) compared to the nominal value. Contrary to Fe(III), formaldehyde (20 to 200 μM) reacts with S(IV) to form the hydroxymethanesulfonate adduct (CH2OHSO3−), which does not react with Cr(VI). Major cations Mg2+ and some minor elements such as Ba2+ and Cu2+ did not affect the rates. The application of this rate law to environmental conditions suggest that this reaction may have a role in acidic solutions (aerosols and fog droplets). This reaction becomes more important in the presence of high Fe(III) and low HMS concentrations, contributing to affect the atmospheric transport of chromium species and the distribution of redox species of chromium, which reach surface water from atmospheric depositions.  相似文献   

13.
Leathery turtle (reptilia: Chelonia) in Foveaux Strait (note)     
D. Eggleston 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3-4):522-523
Further records of the leathery turtle, Dermochelys coriacea (Linnaeus), augment earlier records and perhaps indicate that this species may be a regular visitor.  相似文献   

14.
The Biology of Upogebia pusilla (PETAGNA) (Decapoda, Thalassinidea)     
Peter C.  Dworschak 《Marine Ecology》1987,8(4):337-358
Abstract. The distribution of the thalassinidean shrimp Upogebia pusilla was studied at four sites in the North Adriatic Sea: 1) a tidal flat in the lagoon of Grado, 2) a tidal flat at Lido di Staranzano near the mouth of the Isonzo, 3) a mud flat seawards of a salt marsh in a protected bay north of Rovinj, and 4) a sublittoral station in 6m depth near Aurisina. Information on grain size distribution, organic content, amount of debris, redox profiles and pH of sediment as well as temperature and salinity is given. Density, as determined by hole counts and a hole: burrow relationship derived from resin casting, generally increased with increasing water depth in the intertidal. The upper limits ranged between +10cm (Rovinj) and -20cm (Grado); densities between mean water and low water level varied strongly due to microtopography and macrophyte cover. Maximum densities in the intertidal ranged from 189 (Grado) to 2420 (Rovinj, juveniles) animals m2. Shrimp density at the sublittoral station ranged between 80 and 230 m"2. The zonation of the Upogebiidae and Callianassidae with respect to environmental parameters is discussed.  相似文献   

15.
Pleistocene Ross seal (ommatophoca Rossi) from New Zealand (note)     
Judith E. King 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):391-397
A fossil seal jaw from the Early Pleistocene (Wanganui Series; Hautawan Stage) of Napier, New Zealand, is identified as that of an Ommatophoca rossi juvenile of less than 1.8 m body length.  相似文献   

16.
The Biology of Upogebia pusilla (PETAGNA) (Decapoda, Thalassinidea)     
Peter C.  Dworschak 《Marine Ecology》1988,9(1):51-77
Abstract. Populations of the thalassinidean shrimp Upogebia pusilla were studied on tidal flats in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Biometric analysis showed a sexual dimorphism, especially in propodus size. Size frequency distributions revealed the presence of large animals during all seasons; recruitment by juveniles occurred in autumn. Moult intervals and moult increments were determined in the laboratory and used to generate growth curves which were compared with those calculated from size frequency distributions. The life span of U, pusilla is over 5 years. Ovigerous females occurred between March and September. Egg numbers were high in spring, lower in summer and increased with body size. The incubation time of embryos was 35 days; a female produces an estimated number of three egg batches during the breeding season. A total annual production of 994 kJ was estimated for a theoretical population of 100 animals; 13.5 % is spent for somatic growth, 31 % for egg production of females, and 55.2% is lost as exuviae. The population structures, growth and breeding patterns, as well as embryonic and larval development within the Upogebiidae and Callianassidae are discussed.  相似文献   

17.
Topics Index of Volumes 31(1)-52(5)     
About ScienceDirect 《Coastal Engineering》2005,52(12):1175-1187
  相似文献   

18.
Epiactis thompsoni (coughtrey, 1875) and e. mortenseni Carlgren, 1924 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) (note)     
J. R. Ottaway 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):253-255
  相似文献   

19.
波令-阿勒罗德间冰期时期西南印度夏季季风降雨的变化性     
Ashish Sinha  徐明芝 《海洋地质前沿》2006,22(5):15-17
北方春季时期印度次大陆和西藏高原的差异性增热吸引了印度洋的潮湿空气穿越印度大陆,产生了世界上最显著的西南印度夏季季风(ISM)体系(Webster,1987)。世界上大约25%的人口受到这种季节降雨的影响。20世纪60年代末期,印度约150万人死于连续3年的季风失常(重大灾害数据库,2005)  相似文献   

20.
Arnoglossus boops (hector): A synonym of a. scapha (schneider) (pisces: Heterosomata: Bothidae)     
J. A. Colman 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):693-697
The unique holotype of Arnoglossus boops Hector is compared with specimens of Arnoglossus scapha (Schneider). It is concluded that the two species are identical, and that A. boops is therefore a junior synonym of A. scapha.  相似文献   

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1.
应用杂交瘤单克隆抗体技术制备10株分泌抗牙鲆免疫球蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞。利用单抗2H4,通过间接酶联免疫法(ELISA)对牙鲆血清中抗淋巴囊肿病毒(LCDV)特异性抗体进行了检测。结果表明:无外观症状的牙鲆血清中特异性抗体水平很低(平均OD值为0.092),个别鱼体偏高,证明已感染LCDV,处于潜伏期;患淋巴囊肿病且症状显现的牙鲆血清中特异性抗体水平升高(平均OD值为0.165),患淋巴囊肿病后处于恢复期的牙鲆抗体水平最高(平均OD值为0.231);健康牙鲆接种LCDV灭活疫苗后,特异性抗体水平显著升高。  相似文献   

2.
１９９７～１９９８年,山东省烟台市和威海市４个养殖场的养殖牙鲆发生了一种危害很大的疾病。该病症状为患病牙鲆的眼睛、口腔内外、鳍及上下体表等部位有明显囊肿物。病症轻的牙鲆援食正常且有自愈现象,病症重的牙鲆基本不摄食、部分出现死亡。自愈牙鲆体质弱,在运输过程中死亡率超过了８０×１０－２,可以说失去了商品价值。据调查,发病养殖场的鱼苗系购自同一育苗场,而该育苗场则使用了韩国亲鱼进行鱼苗生产。病理组织切片表明,在囊肿细胞的胞质内有嗜碱性、具网状结构、形状不规则的包涵体。由于本病的症状和病理组织特征与国内外有关真鲷和石斑鱼等的报道基本一致,所以,本研究初步认为该病为淋巴囊肿病。  相似文献   

3.
养殖牙鲆淋巴囊肿病的电镜观察   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  
对养殖牙鲆中发生的似淋巴囊肿病进行了细 胞的电镜超微结构观察。结果指出,在囊肿细胞内有大量形态一致、大小为260～270nm的典 型虹彩病毒。因病毒的形态和大小与国外报道的淋巴囊肿病毒相同,故研究从电镜学的角度 确认供试牙鲆所患疾病是淋巴囊肿病(Lymphocystis disease,LD),该病毒为虹彩病毒科的 淋巴囊肿病毒(Lymphocystis disease virus,LDV)。该项工作系国内首次全面报道了病鱼主 要组织细胞的电镜观察结果,发现LD病毒存在于囊肿、心脏、头肾、脾脏、肠和鳃中。  相似文献   

4.
利用牙鲆鳃细胞系分离和培养淋巴囊肿病毒   总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1  
本文利用牙鲆鳃细胞系进行了养殖牙鲆淋巴囊肿病毒的分离及培养 ,并通过电镜对培养细胞中淋巴囊肿病毒的形态及感染循环进行了初步研究。将病鱼的淋巴囊肿组织无菌滤液接种牙鲆细胞系 ,细胞出现了明显的细胞病变 ( Cytopathic effect,CPE)。电镜观察在培养细胞的胞质中有病毒的包涵体 ,胞质中散在 6角形、5角形或圆形的病毒粒子 ,大小为 10 0～ 140 nm之间。在感染细胞的线粒体中也存在大量的病毒颗粒。  相似文献   

5.
为研究低氧胁迫对军曹鱼幼鱼免疫功能的影响,将幼鱼暴露于溶氧浓度为(3.15±0.21) mg/L的水体28 d,测定不同时间点肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)、肿瘤坏死因子α诱导蛋白3 (TNFAIP3)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素1受体2 (IL-1R2)、白细胞介素17C (IL-17C)和热休克蛋白70 (HSP70)等免疫相关基因在幼鱼鳃、肝脏、肠道和脾脏中的转录水平表达量。结果显示:(1)在幼鱼的鳃中,TNFα和IL-1R2基因转录水平表达量在胁迫1 d和14 d时极显著低于对照组(p0.01),胁迫28 d则分别表现为极显著(p0.01)和显著下降(p0.05);TNFAIP3在胁迫1 d时极显著升高(p0.01),在胁迫7 d和14 d时则分别表现为显著(p0.05)和极显著(p0.01)下降;IL-1β在胁迫1 d时极显著下降(p0.01)后极显著升高(p0.01);IL-17C在胁迫7 d和14 d时极显著下降(p0.01);HSP70在胁迫1 d时显著下降(p0.05),在胁迫14 d和28 d时均极显著降低(p0.01);(2)在肝脏中,TNFα和IL-1R2基因转录水平表达量在胁迫1 d和28 d时显著下降(p0.05),在胁迫14 d时则极显著降低(p0.01);TNFAIP3在胁迫1 d时极显著上升(p0.01),在胁迫14 d和28 d时则极显著下降(p0.01);IL-1β在所有胁迫时间点均极显著上升(p0.01);IL-17C在胁迫7 d、14 d和28 d时均极显著低于对照水平(p0.01);HSP70基因表达量持续上升,并于胁迫28 d时达到顶峰(p0.01);(3)在肠道中,TNFα、IL-1β、IL-1R2、IL-17C和HSP70基因转录水平表达量在胁迫的所有时间点均极显著高于对照组(p0.01),TNFAIP3在胁迫1 d时表达量极显著升高(p0.01)后下降,在胁迫7 d和14 d时分别与对照组具有显著(p0.05)和极显著差异(p0.01);(4)在脾脏中,TNFα和IL-17C基因转录水平表达量在胁迫1 d、7 d和14 d时极显著下降(p0.01),在胁迫28 d时则显著降低(p0.05);IL-1β在胁迫1 d和28 d时极显著下降(p0.01),在胁迫7 d和14 d时则显著降低(p0.05);IL-1R2在胁迫1 d、7 d和28 d时极显著下降(p 0.01),在胁迫14 d时则显著下降(p0.05);HSP70基因表达量在胁迫1 d、7 d和28 d时均极显著下降(p0.01)。研究结果表明,28 d的低氧胁迫后,军曹鱼幼鱼免疫基因的转录表达水平发生显著性变化,预示长时间的低氧可能抑制了军曹鱼的免疫功能,引发肠道炎症,并增加了军曹鱼感染病原菌的风险。  相似文献   

6.
淋巴囊肿病毒实时定量PCR检测方法的建立和应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
选取淋巴囊肿病毒(Lymphocystis disease virus,LCDV)主衣壳蛋白(MCP)基因保守序列,利用Primer Express2.0软件设计引物,通过优化反应条件,建立了SYBR GreenⅠ实时定量PCR的检测方法,并进行了敏感性、特异性分析.SYBR GreenⅠ实时定量PCR反应体系的最佳引物浓度为0.5 μmol/L,方法的检测限为30个病毒拷贝,扩增产物的Tm值为74.5 ℃.该方法对淋巴囊肿病毒有特异性,不能扩增流行性造血器官坏死病毒(EHNV)、虎纹蛙病毒(TFV)、蛙虹彩病毒(BIV)、新加坡石斑虹彩病毒(SGIV)、鳜鱼传染性脾肾坏死病毒(ISKNV)及真鲷虹彩病毒(RSIV).对12份发病牙鲆鱼样品进行检测,均感染淋巴囊肿病毒;20份无临床症状的牙鲆经检测不含淋巴囊肿病毒.建立的LCDV的SYBR GreenⅠ实时定量PCR方法,具有成本低、特异、灵敏、快速等优点,可用于淋巴囊肿病毒的早期诊断.  相似文献   

7.
将提纯的淋巴囊肿病毒(LCDV)接种于牙鲆鳃细胞系(FG),可以观察到明显的细胞病变,半数细胞培养物感染量(TCID50)为22.88/40 μL.微量细胞病变中和实验显示患淋巴囊肿病的牙鲆血清以及通过免疫获得的兔抗LCDV血清对LCDV感染都具有明显的中和作用,具有中和效果的血清最高稀释度分别为1:64和1:160.本文建立的FG细胞检测LCDV中和抗体方法可以作为筛选LCDV中和抗体的有效途径,且重复性和稳定性较好.  相似文献   

8.
凝集素(Lectin)是一类能与糖进行非共价可逆结合的蛋白质,具有凝集细胞和聚糖的作用。在牙鲆的集约化养殖过程中,会面临许多病原微生物的入侵,造成大量的经济损失,研究表明鱼卵凝集素(Fish egg lectin)是凝集素超家族中的一员,在硬骨鱼的抗菌免疫反应中发挥作用。在本研究中,克隆验证了牙鲆FEL1基因(Fish egg lectin 1,PoFEL1),其中开放阅读框(Open reading frame, ORF)为675 bp,编码224个氨基酸,蛋白分子量为24.8 kDa。PoFEL1组织表达分析显示,PoFEL1在卵巢、肠以及肝脏中的表达量比较高;胚胎发育过程中PoFEL1表达分析显示,在胚胎发育的早期PoFEL1的表达量比较高,随着胚胎的逐渐成熟,其表达量逐渐降低,呈母源性表达。体外细胞刺激实验表明LPS、PGN、Poly(I∶C)和E.tarda刺激牙鲆卵巢细胞系后,PoFEL1的表达上调。利用牙鲆卵巢细胞研究了PoFEL1蛋白的亚细胞定位,证实其分布在细胞质中。用LPS刺激过表达PoFEL1的牙鲆卵巢细胞系,发现细胞因子p38、IL-6和TNF-α的表达显著上调。通过双荧光素酶检测系统发现,过表达PoFEL1能显著上调NF-κB报告基因的表达,从而引起机体的免疫应答,说明PoFEL1对NF-κB通路可能具有调节作用。以上研究结果说明PoFEL1在牙鲆先天性免疫过程中发挥作用。  相似文献   

9.
为研究低氧胁迫对军曹鱼幼鱼免疫功能的影响,将幼鱼暴露于溶氧浓度为(3.15±0.21) mg/L的水体28 d,测定不同时间点肿瘤坏死因子α (TNFα)、肿瘤坏死因子α诱导蛋白3 (TNFAIP3)、白细胞介素1β (IL-1β)、白细胞介素1受体2 (IL-1R2)、白细胞介素17C (IL-17C)和热休克蛋白70 (HSP70)等免疫相关基因在幼鱼鳃、肝脏、肠道和脾脏中的转录水平表达量。结果显示:(1)在幼鱼的鳃中,TNFα 和 IL-1R2 基因转录水平表达量在胁迫1 d和14 d时极显著低于对照组(p<0.01),胁迫 28 d则分别表现为极显著(p<0.01)和显著下降(p<0.05);TNFAIP3在胁迫1 d时极显著升高(p<0.01),在胁迫7 d和14 d时则分别表现为显著(p<0.05)和极显著(p<0.01)下降;IL-1β在胁迫1 d时极显著下降(p<0.01)后极显著升高 (p<0.01);IL-17C在胁迫7 d和14 d时极显著下降(p<0.01);HSP70 在胁迫1 d时显著下降(p<0.05),在胁迫14 d和28 d时均极显著降低(p<0.01);(2)在肝脏中,TNFα 和 IL-1R2 基因转录水平表达量在胁迫1 d和28 d时显著下降(p<0.05),在胁迫14 d时则极显著降低(p<0.01);TNFAIP3在胁迫1 d时极显著上升(p<0.01),在胁迫14 d和28 d时则极显著下降(p<0.01);IL-1β在所有胁迫时间点均极显著上升(p<0.01);IL-17C 在胁迫7 d、14 d和28 d时均极显著低于对照水平(p<0.01);HSP70基因表达量持续上升,并于胁迫28 d时达到顶峰(p<0.01);(3)在肠道中,TNFα、IL-1β、IL-1R2、IL-17C和HSP70基因转录水平表达量在胁迫的所有时间点均极显著高于对照组(p<0.01),TNFAIP3在胁迫1 d时表达量极显著升高(p<0.01)后下降,在胁迫7 d和14 d时分别与对照组具有显著(p<0.05)和极显著差异(p<0.01);(4)在脾脏中,TNFα和IL-17C 基因转录水平表达量在胁迫1 d、7 d和14 d时极显著下降(p<0.01),在胁迫28 d时则显著降低(p<0.05);IL-1β在胁迫1 d和28 d时极显著下降(p<0.01),在胁迫7 d和14 d时则显著降低(p<0.05);IL-1R2在胁迫1 d、7 d和28 d时极显著下降(p <0.01),在胁迫14 d时则显著下降(p<0.05);HSP70基因表达量在胁迫1 d、7 d和28 d时均极显著下降(p<0.01)。研究结果表明,28 d的低氧胁迫后,军曹鱼幼鱼免疫基因的转录表达水平发生显著性变化,预示长时间的低氧可能抑制了军曹鱼的免疫功能,引发肠道炎症,并增加了军曹鱼感染病原菌的风险。  相似文献   

10.
牙鲆淋巴囊肿病毒靶器官上病毒结合蛋白的鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
利用抗牙鲆淋巴囊肿病毒单克隆抗体的间接免疫荧光检测技术,在患淋巴囊肿病牙鲆的表皮、鳃、胃、肠及肾中发现淋巴囊肿病毒的感染,以此确定为病毒感染的主要靶器官。用NP-40细胞裂解液分别抽提靶器官的总蛋白,利用病毒铺覆蛋白印迹技术(VOPBA)对靶器官上淋巴囊肿病毒结合蛋白进行鉴定,结果显示在胃、肠及肾的组织蛋白中均有1个分子量为27.8 kDa的蛋白与淋巴囊肿病毒特异结合,在鳃和表皮的组织蛋白中分别存在分子量为37.6 kDa和56.0 kDa的蛋白与淋巴囊肿病毒特异结合。推测在淋巴囊肿病毒靶器官上的这3种病毒结合蛋白有可能是病毒的受体蛋白。  相似文献   

11.
Alterations to nomenclature for two common intertidal New Zealand ‘top shells’ necessitated by re‐examination of type material have been confused by ambiguities in the way the alterations were first presented. We draw attention to recent misinterpretations and clarify the nomenclature. Condensed synonymies that indicate names used for each species during the interregnum are given, allowing papers dealing with these trochids to be read without uncertainty as to which species were really meant by the authors.  相似文献   

12.
The rates of the reduction of Cr(VI) with S(IV) were measured in deaerated NaCl solution as a function of pH, temperature and ionic strength. The rates of the reaction were found to be first order with respect to Cr(VI) and second order with respect to S(IV), in agreement with previous results obtained at concentrations two order higher than the present study. The reaction also showed a first-order dependence of the rates on the concentration of the proton and a small influence of temperature with an apparent energy of activation ΔHapp of 22.8 ± 3.4 kJ/mol. The rates were independent of ionic strength from 0.01 to 1 M. The rate of Cr(VI) reduction is described by the general expression
−d[Cr(VI)]/dt=k[Cr(VI)][S(IV)]2
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