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红树林污染生态学研究进展 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
红树林生长在热带、亚热带陆海交汇的海湾河口区。随着工农业、沿岸城市开发及港口驳岸海运的发展 ,大量的环境污染物汇集于河口海湾区 ,冲击了红树林生态系统。红树林作为河口海区生态系统初级生产者支撑着广博的陆域和海域生命系统 ,为海区和陆缘生物提供食物来源 ,也为鸟类、昆虫、鱼虾贝类、藻菌等提供栖息繁衍场所 ,并构成复杂的食物链和食物网关系。因此有关红树林污染生态学问题已成为目前红树林研究中新的重要领域之一［１］。国内外学者对红树林生态系中多种环境污染物的环境行为和生态效应展开了研究 ,其中重金属、石油、人工合成… 相似文献
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为促进海洋生态修复和价值实现的协调发展,文章分析我国海洋生态修复和价值实现之间的关系及其面临的主要困境,根据福建省南平市“生态银行”的探索实践及其启示,以红树林生态系统为例,提出海洋生态修复和价值实现协同发展的方案设计。研究结果表明：我国海洋生态修复存在政策、资金和技术等方面的问题,海洋生态价值实现存在家底绘制、权责主体界定、确权内容和方法、产权交易的实现方式以及监管机制等方面的问题;借鉴“生态银行”对生态资源资产“分散化输入、集中式输出”的理念以及打造生态资源权益资本化运作平台的方法,应实现生态修复与生态价值的和谐统一,偏重于通过生态修复提高生态产品供给侧升级,从而实现生态价值;将红树林生态修复与高效工厂化海水养殖相结合,提高生态资源利用效率,开展“红树林生态银行”资产运作,实现红树林生态修复和价值实现的和谐统一。 相似文献
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红树林生态系统位于海洋与陆地的交界处,具有重要的生态服务功能。红树林湿地是重要的碳库,对全球碳平衡有重要影响。然而,由于受到人口增长、社会经济发展和城市化进程加快等人类活动和全球气候变化的影响,红树林正在加速消失。文章以广东湛江市国家级红树林自然保护区为研究区,通过分析红树林沉积物中的有机碳含量及分布特征,讨论人类活动(如,人工养殖)在湿地碳循环中的影响。本研究在研究区内获取15个样品,利用重铬酸钾氧化—还原容量法测定了沉积物中有机碳含量。结果表明:研究区内沉积物有机碳(TOC)含量介于0.68%～2.50%,同时TOC含量与研究区内人工养殖场排污口的距离有密切关系:离排污口越近,TOC值越低;离排污口越远,TOC值越高。此外,研究区内红树林TOC含量与其他红树林湿地TOC含量相比明显偏低,可能与养殖排污抑制红树林的生长和繁殖,从而使其TOC含量明显减少有关。 相似文献
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广西的红树林资源及其可持续利用 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
简述了广西红树林的生境条件和群落类型。从植物、浮游生物、底栖硅藻、大型底栖动物、游泳鱼类、昆虫、鸟类等方面,对红树林区的生物类群进行了统计和论述。同时对红树林资源的特点,合理开发和可持续利用进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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红树林因其独特的生长环境,具有重要的生态、经济和社会意义。中华乌塘鳢(Bostrychus sinensis)是我国优良的养殖品种。为提高红树林的生态与经济效益,对红树林下中华乌塘鳢铁笼养殖技术进行研究探讨,并分析比较红树林下养殖鱼、光滩笼养鱼与野生鱼肌肉的营养成分。结果显示:以上各组鱼体的粗蛋白含量均较高(74.65%~83.08%),粗脂肪含量较低(0.89%~1.63%),其中红树林下养殖鱼的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别高于光滩养殖鱼;各组实验鱼的氨基酸总量(71.72%~79.27%)、鲜味氨基酸总量(29.03%~30.92%)、必需氨基酸总量(27.47%~31.57%)、非必需氨基酸总量(44.25%~47.69%)均以野生鱼为最高,光滩投饵组最低,红树林下养殖组高于光滩养殖组;各组实验鱼肌肉必需氨基酸指数EAAI均较高(66.83~74.90),限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸、异亮氨酸和(蛋+胱)氨酸,支链氨基酸总量/芳香族氨基酸总量(F值)为2.17~2.22;红树林下养殖鱼肌肉中的n-3系列多不饱和脂肪酸含量和(EPA+DHA)含量均分别高于光滩养殖鱼,红树林下养殖的中华乌塘鳢肌肉脂肪酸组成比光滩养殖鱼具有更高的营养价值。 相似文献
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从相对稳定的海洋资源生态系统的能源、物流出发,使生态、经济和社会效益协调发展,在可持续利用的前提下,提出完善海洋立体化多元生态养殖模式的建议。 相似文献
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为有效保护和合理利用广西红树林,探讨了自2000年到2100年全球海平面上升、地壳上升和潮滩沉积对英罗湾红树林分布的影响。采用机理分析方法建立红树林边界位置预测模型;利用预测模型计算在2000年数字高程模型上定位2100年红树林边界的数据;利用Global Mapper软件在2000年数字高程模型上确定红树林边界的位置。利用Mapinfo professional地理信息系统软件分析海平面上升引起的红树林边界的移动。通过研究得到在2000年数字高程模型上表达2100年红树林边界位置的数据,以及自2000年到2100年红树林边界移动专题地图。结果表明:自2000年到2100年,低、中模式海平面上升,英罗湾红树林边界向外扩展,面积增大;高模式海平面上升,红树林边界向陆移动,面积增大;极端模式海平面上升,红树林边界向陆移动,面积减小。 相似文献
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九龙江口红树区底相大型底栖动物的群落生态 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
红树林动物生态是潮间带五种生态类型之一。关于我国潮间带岩相、软相动物的生态已有许多论述,而有关红树林动物生态的研究,国内至今尚未见报道。红树林生态系是世界上高生产力的生态系之一,其中尤以十足甲壳的生产力更为突出。因此,研究红树区底栖动物的生态,不仅可以了解这些动物与红树林生境的特殊关系,而且能为红树林经济动物的开发、利用及其养殖提供一定的科学依据。 相似文献
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为定量评估多元环境因子对红树林分布的影响,探索区域红树林生境适宜性和修复潜力的空间分布格局,本研究应用最大熵模型评估厦门湾红树林生境适宜性,叠加土地利用/覆被数据分析红树林修复潜力。结果表明,在生物气候、地形、水质、沉积物、水文等5组环境变量中,影响厦门湾研究区内红树林分布的主要环境变量类型为温度、地形和水质。在单项环境因子中,离岸线距离、营养盐浓度、盐度等对厦门湾红树林生境适宜性的贡献度最大。适宜性和修复潜力较高的区域主要分布于九龙江河口、翔安下潭尾、海沧东屿等区域。与现存红树林的分布相对照,理论上还有约406.4 hm^2的高修复潜力区和1001.2 hm^2的中修复潜力区可考虑用于未来红树林修复。现有的保护区和修复工程已基本覆盖了上述大部分区域,未来厦门湾内的红树林修复选址可考虑泉州市安海湾沿岸、龙海市九龙江河口、漳州港沿岸和附近岛屿。本研究尝试采用新兴模型方法判断红树林的综合适生条件,并实现空间化、定量化的评估,其结果可为红树林修复选址提供重要的科学依据,并为区域红树林保护与修复管理提供决策支持。 相似文献
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In the Mexican coasts, as in many tropical and subtropical coastal areas, shrimp culture grew exponentially over the last three decades. This process has produced an intense debate on the economic benefits but also about the extent and intensity of the impact of this activity on the coastal ecosystems, particularly the effects of pond construction on mangrove areas and other coastal wetlands. For the Northern coast of Sinaloa (Northwest Mexico), a region where shrimp culture is actively practiced and reproduces most of the shrimp controlled production model in Mexico, a land cover change-detection analysis, with Landsat images, outputs that 75% of the shrimp farming in this region has been built on saltmarshes while less than 1% was constructed on mangrove areas. Through the estimation of landscape metrics for different scenarios (with and without shrimp culture infrastructure), we find that in addition to direct removal of saltmarshes, shrimp aquaculture has significantly modified the spatial patterns of coastal wetlands, retreating wetland borders and fragmenting their patches. These last impacts are mainly related with the development of the linear infrastructure associated with shrimp culture (drainage channels and roads), rather than the construction of the ponds. Present findings and other from similar studies done in Northwest Mexico; allow us to estimate that 60% of shrimp farming in Mexico impacted directly on saltmarshes, contrasting with the 3% of shrimp farms built on mangroves. 相似文献
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A tracer model with random diffusion coupled to the hydrodynamic model for the Zhujiang River Estuary (Pearl River Estuary, PRE) is to examine the effect of circulations on the transport of completely conservative pollutants. It is focused on answering the following questions: (1) What role does the estuarine plume front in the winter play in affecting the pollutants transport and its distribution in the PRE ? (2) What effect do the coastal currents driven by the monsoon have on the pollutants transport? The tracer experiment results show that: (1) the pollutant transport paths strongly depend on the circulation structures and plume frontal dynamics of the PRE and coastal waters; (2) during the summer when a southwesterly monsoon prevails, the pollutants from the four easterly river inlets and those from the bottom layer of offshore stations will greatly influence the water quality in Hong Kong waters, however, the pollutants released from the four westerly river-inlets will seldom affect the water quality of Hong Kong waters due to their transport away from Hong Kong; (3) during the winter when a northeasterly monsoon prevails, all pollutants released from the eight river gates will be laterally transported seaward inside the estuary and transport westward in the coastal waters along the river plume frontal zone. However, pollutants released from the surface layer of offshore stations near or east of the Dangan Channel will be carried into the coastal waters of Hong Kong by the landward component of the westward coastal current driven by the winter northeasterly monsoon. But the pollutants from the bottom layer of the offshore stations will be carried away from the offshore by the bottom flow driven by the northeasterly monsoon. This implies that only surface-released matter from offshore stations will affect the water quality of the coastal waters around Hong Kong during the winter when a northeasterly monsoon prevails. 相似文献
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利用生物控制养殖池污染的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用陆基围隔对微生物制剂、底栖滤食性贝类、大型藻类控制养殖池污染进行了研究。研究表明,微生物制剂效果明显,利生健浓度达到6mg/L时即可显著降低池塘底泥的自污染速率,底泥中总氮积累速率仅为对照组的45.4%,对虾存活率提高53.25%,并能有效缓解水体中的氨氮压力。底栖滤食性贝类效果不明显,底播密度过大会加快底质的氮污染。菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)适宜底播密度为100g/m2,100g/m2处理组水体中的氨氮含量、水体和底泥中的氮积累速率在各处理组中最低,但差异不显著(p<0.05)。结果还表明,江蓠(Gracilaria tenuistip)在池塘中受到微藻竞争、浮泥以及透明度变化影响,生长较差。同时,本文通过对养殖池塘污染物基本概况的初步分析,提出了养殖环境综合治理的初步设想。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2016
Globally, coastal aquaculture particularly shrimp farming has been under huge criticism because of its environmental impacts including devastating effects on mangrove forests. However, mangroves are ecologically and economically important forests, and the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics that provide a wide range of ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation. Carbon emissions are likely to have been the dominant cause of climate change and blue carbon emissions are being critically augmented through mangrove deforestation. Because of mangrove deforestation, different climatic variables including coastal flooding, cyclone, drought, rainfall, salinity, sea-level rise, and sea surface temperature have dramatic effects on coastal aquaculture. Mangrove forests have been instrumental in augmenting resilience to climate change. The “Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD)” program can help to restore mangroves which in turn increases options for adaptation to climate change. However, technical and financial assistance with institutional support are needed to implement REDD+. 相似文献
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A model study of influence of circulation on the pollutant transport in the Zhujiang River Estuary and adjacent coastal waters 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
A tracer model with random diffusion coupled to the hydrodynamic model for the Zhujiang River Estuary (Pearl River Estuary, PRE) is to examine the effect of circulations on the transport of completely conservative pollutants. It is focused on answering the following questions: (1) What role does the estuarine plume front in the winter play in affecting the pollutants transport and its distribution in the PRE? (2) What effect do the coastal currents driven by the monsoon have on the pollutants transport? The tracer experiment results show that: (1) the pollutant transport paths strongly depend on the circulation structures and plume frontal dynamics of the PRE and coastal waters; (2) during the summer when a southwesterly monsoon prevails, the pollutants from the four easterly river inlets and those from the bottom layer of offshore stations will greatly influence the water quality in Hong Kong waters, however, the pollutants released from the four westerly river-inlets will seldom affect the water quality of Hong Kong waters due to their transport away from Hong Kong; (3) during the winter when a northeasterly monsoon prevails, all pollutants released from the eight river gates will be laterally transported seaward inside the estuary and transport westward in the coastal waters along the river plume frontal zone. However, pollutants released from the surface layer of offshore stations near or east of the Dangan Channel will be carried into the coastal waters of Hong Kong by the landward component of the westward coastal current driven by the winter northeasterly monsoon. But the pollutants from the bottom layer of the offshore stations will be carried away from the offshore by the bottom flow driven by the northeasterly monsoon. This implies that only surface-released matter from offshore stations will affect the water quality of the coastal waters around Hong Kong during the winter when a northeasterly monsoon prevails. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
In Bangladesh, export-oriented shrimp farming is one of the most important sectors of the national economy. However, shrimp farming in coastal Bangladesh has devastating effects on mangrove forests. Mangroves are the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics, and blue carbon (i.e., carbon in coastal and marine ecosystems) emissions from mangrove deforestation due to shrimp cultivation are accumulating. These anthropogenic carbon emissions are the dominant cause of climate change, which in turn affect shrimp cultivation. Some adaptation strategies including Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA), mangrove restoration, and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) could help to reduce blue carbon emissions. Translocation of shrimp culture from mangroves to open-water IMTA and restoration of habitats could reduce blue carbon emissions, which in turn would increase blue carbon sequestration. Mangrove restoration by the REDD+ program also has the potential to conserve mangroves for resilience to climate change. However, institutional support is needed to implement the proposed adaptation strategies. 相似文献
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以Landsat TM/OLI卫星影像为数据源,采用面向对象的分类方法对1990、2000、2010和2015年4个时相的海南岛海水池塘养殖信息进行提取,利用景观格局指数和质心迁移模型研究海水池塘养殖的时空变化特征及其对近岸生态环境的影响。结果表明,1990—2015年海南岛海水池塘养殖面积持续增长且区域差异明显;空间上表现为从西南向东北的迁移;养殖区景观格局趋于破碎化;池塘养殖的扩张侵占了红树林等自然湿地,严重破坏了沿岸生态环境。研究表明海南岛的海水养殖业需要合理的规划布局和科学的改造升级。 相似文献
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《Ocean & Coastal Management》2006,49(9-10):531-545
The wide variety of goods and services provided by the coastal zone (food, medicines, nutrient recycling, control of flooding, typhoon protection) account for its many uses (fisheries, aquaculture, agriculture, human settlements, harbors, ports, tourism, industries). Aquaculture now provides a third of total fisheries production. Half of the total aquaculture yield comes from land-based ponds and water-based pens, cages, longlines and stakes in brackish water and marine habitats. But the opportunities for employment, income and foreign exchange from coastal aquaculture have been overshadowed by negative environmental and social effects. The environmental impacts include: mangrove loss, bycatch during collection of wild seed and broodstock, introductions and transfers of species, spread of parasites and diseases, misuse of chemicals, and release of wastes. The socioeconomic impacts include: privatization of public lands and waterways, loss of fisheries livelihoods, food insecurity, and urban migration. The paper gives recommendations on the attainment of responsible and sustainable aquaculture with emphasis on herbivorous and omnivorous species, polyculture, integration with agriculture and mangroves, and self-regulation in the form of codes of conduct and best management practices. Recommended approaches include holistic Integrated Coastal Zone Management based on stakeholder needs, mechanisms for conflict resolution, assimilative capacity of the environment, protection of community resources, and rehabilitation of degraded habitats, to improvements in the aquaculture sector pertaining to management of feed, water, and effluents. 相似文献