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我国北方河口湿地植被储碳、固碳功能研究——以辽河三角洲盘锦地区为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用2007年7月和10月的CBERS卫星遥感数据,结合地理信息系统(GIS),采用混合分类法,解译分析了辽河三角洲盘锦地区湿地植被的空间分布格局。在湿地植被典型分布区设置4条调查带,共计40个调查样方,通过对采集样品的收割、烘干和称质量处理,测算得到了辽河三角洲主要湿地植被的生物量和净初级生产力,研究了该地区湿地植被的储碳和固碳能力。结果表明:稻田、河口水域和芦苇湿地为辽河三角洲盘锦地区湿地的主要组成类型。该地区植被的总储碳量达7.63×106t,芦苇和水稻是该区域最主要的固碳植被,其碳储量分别占该区域植被总储碳量的45.91%和37.03%;该地区植被的平均固碳量达17.68 t/(hm2.a),是我国陆地植被平均固碳能力的3.59倍、全球植被平均固碳能力的4.31倍;辽河三角洲盘锦地区湿地植被年固碳能力相当于相同面积、同等植被覆盖度条件下的温带落叶阔叶林固碳能力的1.01倍。 相似文献
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以盐城滨海湿地为例,基于遥感影像提取土地利用变化信息,估算了1987-2007年盐城滨海湿地表层(0~20 cm)土壤有机碳储存量和滨海湿地土壤固碳能力现状。结果表明:表层土壤有机碳储量1992年较1987年略有增长,1992~2002年间下降33.3%,2002~2007年间增加30.5%。自然湿地面积减少是湿地土壤有机碳储量减少的主要原因,而互花米草入侵和围垦造田造成了湿地土壤有机碳储量增加。农田、芦苇滩、碱蓬滩、互花米草滩和光滩有机碳埋藏速率分别为12.90、0.30、0.80、2.92和1.68×104 t/a。滩涂围垦造田在短期内有利于滨海湿地土壤有机碳储量增加,但淤泥质滨海湿地生态系统在淤长过程中的自然演替过程,能使整个湿地具有更高、更持久的固碳能力。本研究建议合理控制围垦速率,才能在获取经济社会利益最大化的同时,保证湿地土壤有机碳储量持续增加。 相似文献
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黄河三角洲湿地是我国暖温带最广阔、最完整、最年轻的滨海湿地,是黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的重要组成部分,具有重要的生态保护和科学研究价值。物种多样、生境复杂、变化剧烈是黄河三角洲湿地的重要特点,高光谱遥感是黄河三角洲湿地生态监测的重要技术手段。本文首先阐述了高光谱遥感在河口湿地开展植被、土壤和水质等基本要素监测方面的优势,之后重点综述了其在黄河三角洲滨海湿地开展植被遥感监测、土壤参数反演和水质参数反演的研究进展,最后基于黄河三角洲湿地生态监测现状,提出了高光谱遥感的未来需求和发展展望。 相似文献
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潮间带是重要的滨海湿地类型之一,在生物多样性保护、全球环境变化等方面具有不可估量的价值。遥感技术已经成为滨海湿地监测的重要手段。针对潮间带遥感监测中存在时相限制的瓶颈问题,本文结合卫星过境时潮位信息,通过建立GIS模型,将利用遥感方法提取出的瞬时水边线校正至平均高、低潮线,改进了通过遥感数据恢复潮间带高程和范围的方法。在此基础上,利用1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年的多期Landsat TM以及OLI遥感数据,对盐城滨海潮间带进行了遥感监测和分析。结果表明:（1）2015年江苏盐城潮间带面积为809.27 km2,相比1995年减小了47%;（2）1995年以来盐城滨海潮间带面积总体呈减小了趋势,其中1995-2000年潮间带面积减小幅度最大,约为205.67 km2;（3）潮间带主要分布在盐城滨海南部晚庄港-新开港,占全部潮间带面积的66%;同时潮间带面积的减小也主要发生在这个区域,减小的潮间带面积占减小总面积的84%;（4）潮间带范围的变化受人为和自然双重因素影响;海平面上升和滨海湿地的大量围垦,造成了潮间带的挤压效应,使得潮间带面积迅速减小,湿地围垦等人为因素起到主导作用。 相似文献
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滨海蓝色碳汇在全球气候变化和碳循环中具有重要作用,通过生态修复和市场交易等方式巩固和提升滨海蓝碳,是实现碳中和目标最为经济有效的方式之一。为进一步挖掘滨海蓝碳的潜力,推动实现碳中和目标,文章概述发展滨海蓝碳的诸多优势,分析其在制度建设和技术开发方面面临的问题和挑战,并提出对策建议：完善滨海蓝碳保护修复和碳汇交易的政策措施,推进陆海统筹和生态补偿的机制建设;推动滨海蓝碳纳入温室气体清单编制,积极参与国际合作;设立监测评估试点,提升监测能力,完善碳汇计量核算方法;加强科学研究,突破关键技术瓶颈。 相似文献
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滨海湿地是地球上生产力最高、生物多样性最丰富的生态系统之一,然而由于强烈的人为活动,滨海湿地遭到严重破坏甚至丧失。滨海湿地退化是世界各国普遍面临的问题,退化滨海湿地生态系统的修复也已成为国际上生态学研究的热点。本文在分析国内外研究进展的基础上,从生态退化诊断、修复目标、修复措施、修复监测、修复成效评估等几个关键问题对滨海湿地生态修复进行了探讨。滨海湿地生态退化诊断主要采用参照系统对比法,即选取退化生态系统干扰前、邻近未受干扰或干扰小、或参考多方面资料而构造的假设生态系统等作为参照进行对比;生态修复最终目标不是简单地恢复生态系统的结构和功能,更重要的是建立一个能自我维持、自我调控或在较少人为辅助下能健康运行的滨海湿地生态系统;生态修复途径包括自然恢复、人工促进生态修复和生态重建,只有在自然恢复不能实现的情况下,才考虑采取人工促进生态修复或生态重建;生态修复监测参数包括结构参数和功能参数,监测覆盖施工前、施工期和施工后全过程;滨海湿地生态修复成效评估需同时考虑生态结构、生态功能及生态服务。目前,我国滨海湿地生态修复尚存在退化机制及恢复机理认识不足;滨海湿地生态修复技术储备不足,关键技术不能满足需求;修复的区域空间尺度较小,系统性和完整性不足,缺乏国家和区域生态修复规划;滨海湿地生态修复后期管理、监测、成效评估不足。为此建议:①注重滨海湿地恢复生态学的基础理论研究;②强调滨海湿地生态修复的系统性、综合性和完整性,推动整体规划、区域统筹、系统修复;③加强典型滨海湿地的生态修复关键技术研发,如红树林生态系统功能恢复和提升技术,海草、盐沼植物等种苗人工繁殖和种植技术,珊瑚有性繁殖技术和珊瑚礁生态系统功能恢复技术等;④注重滨海湿地生态修复的后期管理及公众参与。 相似文献
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为提高遥感影像融合质量,提升资源一号(ZY-1 02D)高光谱遥感影像滨海湿地植被分类精度,提出将ZY-1 02D高光谱影像与空间分辨率为10 m的哨兵2号(Sentinel-2)影像进行Brovey融合,并通过搭建AlexNet卷积神经网络对ZY-1 02D高光谱影像和Brovey融合影像的滨海湿地植被进行分类,与支持向量机、随机森林和BP神经网络分类算法进行精度对比。研究结果表明:经Brovey融合后,AlexNet、支持向量机、随机森林和BP神经网络算法的植被分类总体精度分别提高15.60%、7.00%、14.80%和10.00%,Kappa系数提高了21.35%、9.93%、18.97%、12.85%;基于Brovey影像融合与AlexNet算法的植被分类精度最高,总体精度为92.40%,Kappa系数为89.42%。空谱融合配合AlexNet卷积神经网络有效解决了高光谱遥感影像在滨海湿地植被分类应用中精度较低的问题,为滨海湿地植被资源动态监测提供技术和方法支撑。 相似文献
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河口滨海湿地是海岸带的重要组成部分,沉积速率高,伴随河流泥沙颗粒物进入海洋的有机质主要埋藏在河口及临近海区.通过对河口滨海湿地碳埋藏能力的研究,能够更全面地认识河口滨海湿地在全球碳循环中的作用,有效评估其对全球气候变化的影响.以青岛胶州湾大沽河口滨海湿地为研究对象,估算研究区自然湿地全新世碳埋藏能力.通过对3根岩心共计117个样品的粒度、有机碳/氮测试分析和统计,结合210Pb、137CS测年结果计算得出,研究区陆域沼泽湿地环境总碳沉积通量为102 gC/m2/a,其中有机碳沉积通量为84.8 gC/m2/a;滩涂湿地环境总碳沉积通量为93.5 gC/m2/a,其中有机碳沉积通量为69.9 gC/m2/a.估算现代大沽河口31 km2自然湿地范围内,平均年总碳埋藏量为2.96 GgC,有机碳埋藏量为2.27 GgC.根据研究区历史调查资料统计,大沽河口三角洲全新世沉积地层厚度为3～10 m,按平均厚度6 m估算,全新世以来河口湿地总碳埋藏量为66 GgC/km2,有机碳埋藏总量约为51 GgC/km2. 相似文献
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对覆盖黄河口滨海湿地的PROBA CHRIS高光谱遥感影像进行包络线去除变换,采用6种常用的基于光谱特征空间的监督分类算法对变换前后的影像数据进行滨海湿地典型地物分类,通过目视对比分析和定量分析相结合的方法分析比较变换前后的分类结果,评价包络线去除方法对该类算法影响的效果和能力。结果表明,包络线去除方法能够提高部分监督分类算法针对滨海湿地典型植被类型的区分和识别能力;但由于滨海湿地内具有面积较大的裸滩和浑浊水体,这两类地物在影像中的光谱特征相近,而包络线去除方法并不能解决二者的误分问题,因此并不能提高该类算法针对CHRIS高光谱遥感影像的总体分类精度。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
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This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
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Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献