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1.
夏季南海上层环流动力机制的数值研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
通过利用一个分区性的正压-斜压衔接模式来探讨夏季南海的上层环流特征及其动力机制,结果表明:夏季期间,由于风生环流的不稳定性促使在东沙群岛附近的气旋涡的强度及位置发生变化,并间接导致黑潮侵入南海北部的程度变化以及气旋涡南侧的反气旋式环流、西沙群岛西南侧的气旋涡的强度和范围出现波动现象;在南海南部的北向西边界流由于离岸的西南季风所驱动在中南半岛中部沿岸脱离岸线往东北方向的流动,导致沿岸的水体大量流失而在沿岸形成一支南向补偿流并在西沙群岛西南侧诱生一气旋涡,而上述的离岸西边界流则作顺时针方向流动,从而在南海南部形成反气旋式大环流;在南沙海槽附近出现的局地气旋涡和万安滩附近的气旋涡分别受β效应、底形效应的作用而形成. 相似文献
2.
A three-dimensional numerical model is used to simulate sea level and velocity variations in the South China Sea for 1992–1995. The model is driven by daily wind and daily sea surface temperature fields derived from the NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. The four-year model outputs are analyzed using time-domain Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF). Spatial and temporal variations of the first two modes from the simulation compare favorably with those derived from satellite altimetry. Mode 1, which is associated with a southern gyre, shows symmetric seasonal reversal. Mode 2, which contributes to a northern gyre, is responsible for the asymmetric seasonal and interannual variations. In winter, the southern and northern cyclonic gyres combine into a strong basin-wide cyclonic gyre. In summer, a cyclonic northern gyre and an anticyclonic southern gyre form a dipole with a jet leaving the coast of Vietnam. Interannual variations are particularly noticeable during El Niño. The winter gyre is generally weakened and confined to the southern basin, and the summer dipole structure does not form. Vertical motions weaken accordingly with the basin-wide circulation. Variations of the wind stress curl in the first two EOF modes coincide with those of the model-derived sea level and horizontal velocities. The mode 1 wind stress curl, significant in the southern basin, coincides with the reversal of the southern gyre. The mode 2 curl, large in the central basin, is responsible for the asymmetry in the winter and summer gyres. Lack of the mode 2 contribution during El Niño events weakens the circulation. The agreement indicates that changes in the wind stress curl contribute to the seasonal and interannual variations in the South China Sea. 相似文献
3.
Patterns of upper layer circulation variability in the South China Sea from satellite altimetry using the self-organizing map 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Patterns of the South China Sea (SCS) circulation variability are extracted from merged satellite altimetry data from October 1992 through August 2004 by using the self-organizing map (SOM). The annual cycle, seasonal and inter-annual variations of the SCS surface circulation are identified through the evolution of the characteristic circulation patterns. The annual cycle of the SCS gener- al circulation patterns is described as a change between two opposite basin-scale SW-NE oriented gyres embedded with eddies: low sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) (cyclonic) in winter and high SSHA (anticyclonic) in summer half year. The transition starts from July--August (January--February) with a high (low) SSHA tongue east of Vietnam around 12°～14° N, which de- velopa into a big anticyclonic (cyclonic) gyre while moving eastward to the deep basin. During the transitions, a dipole structure, cyclonic (anticyclonic) in the north and anticyclonic (cyclonic) in the south, may be formed southeast off Vietnam with a strong zonal jet around 10°～12° N. The seasonal variation is modulated by the interannual variations. Besides the strong 1997/1998 e- vent in response to the peak Pacific El Nino in 1997, the overall SCS sea level is found to have a significant rise during 1999～ 2001, however, in summer 2004 the overall SCS sea level is lower and the basin-wide anticyclonic gyre becomes weaker than the other years. 相似文献
4.
P矢量方法在南海夏季环流诊断计算中的应用 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8
基于1998年6～7月南海调查航次的CTD资料,对南海环流采用最近发展的P矢量方法进行诊断计算.计算结果:黑潮向西入侵南海,然后做反气旋弯曲向东北方向流动,最终有通过巴士海峡流出南海的趋势.在南海北部存在一个气旋性环流,这个环流的强度和范围随深度增加而减小.该环流的冷中心位置随深度增加稍向南移.南海中部、越南以东海域存在一个明显的气旋涡和反气旋涡,尤其在200m及其以上水层均相当稳定,反气旋涡位于越南以东,其中心位置在11°53'N,111°50'E,气旋涡的中心位置在13°17'N,112°55'E,两者的尺度皆约为250km.吕宋岛西侧存在一个反气旋涡.在计算海区南部、巴拉望岛西南海域,100m以上层存在一个反气旋式涡.从各层流场分布均可以显示海流在西部强化的现象. 相似文献
5.
Calculation of circulation in the South China Sea during summer of 2000 by the modified inverse method 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
YUAN Yaochu LIU Yonggang LIAO Guanghong LOU Ruyun SU Jilan WANG Kangshan 《海洋学报(英文版)》2005,24(1):14-30
On the basis of hydrographic data obtained in August 2000 cruise, the circulation in the South China Sea (SCS) is computed by the modified inverse method in combination with SSH data from TOPEX/ERS-2 analysis. For study of the dynamical mechanism, which causes the pattern of summer circulation in the SCS, the diagnostic model (Yuan et al. 1982. Acta Oceanologica Sinica,4(1):1-11; Yuan and Su. 1992. Numerical Computation of Physical Oceanography.474-542) is used to simulate numerically the summer circulation in the SCS. The following results 相似文献
6.
南海冬、夏季环流的三维数值模拟 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文利用一个斜压三维陆架海模式——HAMSOM模式对12月份和8月份的南海环流进行数值模拟,结果为:对上层流场,在12月份,在西沙群岛－中沙群岛海区间呈现一个气旋式环流,在越南中部东岸存在一支南向西边界流,在金兰湾的远海为一局地反气旋涡,在南海南部,主要表现为万安滩的气旋式大弯曲(气旋涡)及在北康暗沙北侧的反气旋涡;在8月份,在东沙群岛－中沙群岛－吕宋岛西侧海域间存在一大尺度的气旋涡,在南海西部主要表现为以西沙群岛南部的气旋涡与金兰湾－礼乐滩间的反气旋式大环流相对峙的局面,同时在万安滩东侧有－气旋涡.由于斜压效应、底形效应的作用,使冬、夏季的南海南部中层流场几乎与上层流场相反. 相似文献
7.
利用调查数据及遥感数据揭示了2013年南沙群岛海域温跃层的季节变化特征,温跃层上界深度平均值春、夏、冬季基本一致,介于45~47 m之间,秋季最大,达60 m;温跃层厚度平均值夏、秋、冬季基本一致,介于85~87 m之间,春季相对较小,为78 m。温跃层强度平均值春、夏、秋、冬季几乎一致,介于0.13~0.15℃/m之间。调查海域温跃层上界深度季节变化的形成机理为:春季西深东浅的原因是西部受净热通量较小、大风速、负的风应力旋度以及中南半岛东部外海的中尺度暖涡和反气旋环流共同作用,东部近岸海域净热通量高值、风速相对较小及风应力旋度引起的Ekman抽吸效应共同控制;夏季深度分布较均匀的原因是10°N以北风致涡动混合强但受Ekman抽吸影响,10°N以南风致涡动混合弱但风应力旋度为负值;秋季深度较其他季节平均加深15 m的原因是南沙群岛海域被暖涡占据,暖涡引起的反气旋式环流使得温跃层上界深度被海水辐聚下压;冬季正的风应力旋度产生的Ekman抽吸和冷涡引起的气旋式环流共同作用,使得温跃层上界深度较秋季平均抬升15 m。 相似文献
8.
Recent progress in studies of the South China Sea circulation 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
The South China Sea (SCS) is a semi-enclosed marginal sea with deep a basin. The SCS is located at low latitudes, where the
ocean circulations are driven principally by the Asia-Australia monsoon. Ocean circulation in the SCS is very complex and
plays an important role in both the marine environment and climate variability. Due to the monsoon-mountain interactions the
seasonal spatial pattern of the sea surface wind stress curl is very specific. These distinct patterns induce different basin-scale
circulation and gyre in summer and winter, respectively. The intensified western boundary currents associated with the cyclonic
and anticyclonic gyres in the SCS play important roles in the sea surface temperature variability of the basin. The mesoscale
eddies in the SCS are rather active and their formation mechanisms have been described in recent studies. The water exchange
through the Luzon Strait and other straits could give rise to the relation between the Pacific and the SCS. This paper reviews
the research results mentioned above. 相似文献
9.
Tropical cyclones (TCs) that affect the South China Sea (SCS) can be generated in either the SCS or the northwestern Pacific
(NWP). Using satellite measurements, the Sverdrup theory and a 1.5-layer nonlinear reduced gravity model, the present paper
investigates the effects of SCS and NWP TCs on the summer SCS upper layer ocean circulation. Both SCS and NWP TCs enhance
the summer mean circulation pattern of the cyclonic gyre in the northern SCS and the anti-cyclonic gyre in the southern SCS.
However, the effect of SCS TCs is much larger than that of NWP TCs, although the number of SCS TCs is smaller than NWP TCs.
This is because the SCS TCs-induced wind stress curl pattern is favorable for enhancing the summer SCS mean circulation. 相似文献
10.
南海的季节环流─TOPEX/POSEIDON卫星测高应用研究 总被引：57，自引：8，他引：49
应用1992～1996年的TOPEX/POSEIDON卫星高度计遥感资料,研究了冬、夏季风强盛期多年平均的南海上层环流结构。研究结果表明,南海上层流结构呈明显的季节变化,在很大程度上受该海区冬、夏交替的季风支配。冬季总环流呈气旋型,并发育有两个次海盆尺度气旋型环流;夏季总环流大致呈反气旋型、但在南海东部18°N以南海域未见明显流系发育。研究还表明,南海环流的西向强化趋势明显,无论冬、夏在中南半岛沿岸和巽他陆架外缘均存在急流,其流向冬、夏相反,是南海上层环流中最强劲的一支。鉴于该海流的动力特征与海洋动力学中定义的漂流不同,有相当大的地转成分,建议称为“南海季风急流(South China Sea MonsoonJet)”.冬季南下的季风急流在南海南部受巽他陆架阻挡折向东北,沿加里曼丹岛和巴拉望岛外海有较强东北向流发育。夏季北上的季风急流在海南岛东南分为两支:北支沿陆架北上,似为传统意义上的南海暖流;南支沿18°N向东横穿南海后折向东北;二者之间(陆架坡折附近)为弱流区。两分支在汕头外海汇合后,南海暖流流速增强。就多年平均而言,黑潮只在冬季侵入南海东北部,并在南海北部诱生一个次海盆尺度的气旋型环流,这时南海暖流只出现在汕头以东海域.夏季南海北部完全受东北向流控制,未见黑潮入侵迹象.用卫星跟踪海面漂流浮标观测进行的对比验证表明,以上遥感分析结果与海上观测一致。 相似文献
11.
Intercomparison of three South China Sea circulation models 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
1IntroductionTheSouthChinaSeaisthelargesttropicalmarginaldeepsealocatingbetweenthewesternPacificOceanandtheeasternIndianOcean.AsapartofAsia-Australiamaritimecontinent,monsoonisaprimaryfactorforcingtheSouthChinaSeaCurrent(SCSC)variation.Drivenbynortheasterlymonsooninwinterandsouth-westerlymonsooninsummer,respectively,theSCSCbehavesacyclonicgyreandananticy-clonicgyre,correspondingly(Wyrtki,1961;Xuetal.,1982).Owingtotheshortageandexpen-sivenessofdirectobservationsintheSCS,fur-therunder… 相似文献
12.
南海环流动力机制研究综述 总被引：40，自引：9，他引：31
南海的环流复杂,但通过近20 a来的研究工作,国内外学者对此已取得了不少的成果.本文就南海环流框架性的问题,综述了有关的文献,认为对南海上层海洋三方面的环流分量的驱动机制已有了初步的认识.这三方面分别是:(1)准季节性风场;(2)黑潮向南海的净输运;(3)黑潮向南海的涡度平流输送.但是对这些驱动的时空变化仍相当不清楚.三者皆增强了南海北部的海盆尺度气旋式环流,其强化的西南向西边界流靠近东沙群岛,建议称为“东沙海流”.没有水文证据显示黑潮水是以分支形式进入南海,其向南海的输运也不可能主要通过中尺度涡过程,具体机制有待研究.每年在南海生成的中尺度涡平均约有10个,风场与沿岸地形所生成的强风应力旋度可能是其主要的驱动机制.作为框架性的认识,也有三方面的工作进行得较少,即:(1)吕宋海峡的上层水交换;(2)南海的中尺度涡生成机制,虽然强风应力旋度及前述的第三种环流驱动机制也有中尺度涡伴生;(3)自吕宋海峡进入的深层水对南海上层海洋环流的影响. 相似文献
13.
1998年夏季季风爆发前后南海环流的多涡特征 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
利用南海季风实验（SCSMEX－IOP1、IOP2）期间（1998年4月底－7月初）所获得的温盐深（CTD）、声学多普勒流速剖面仪（ADCP）资料及TOPEX／POSEIDON卫星高度计遥感资料，分析了南海表层、1．0MPa层和3．0MPa层得力势异常场的分布格局，探讨了夏季季风爆发前后南海的环流特征。结果表明：在夏季季风爆发前（IOP1期间）南海北部以气旋试流动为主，并在此气旋式环流的东部镶嵌着一个较小的反气旋型涡；南海中部和南部以反气旋式流动为主，其中越南以东海域存在着两个南北对峙分布的反气旋型涡，在它们的东侧伴随一气旋型涡。季风爆发后（IPO2期间），南海北部仍然以气旋式流动为主，黑潮水越过巴士海峡南北中线，一部分可能入侵南海北部，另一部分向东北折回黑潮主干；南海中部和南部仍以反气旋式流动为主，越南以东海域北部的反气旋型涡消失，但南西的反气旋型涡加强，与IOP1类似，仍伴随着一个气旋型涡。总体而方，强流区出现在巴士海峡西北侧和南海西部（尤其是越东南东沿岸），南海东部和东南部为弱流区。 相似文献
14.
冬季南海上层环流动力机制的数值研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
通过利用一个分区性的正压-斜压衔接模式来探讨冬季南海的上层环流特征及其动力机制,结果表明:(1)在南海北部,流态主要受黑潮的影响,除了东沙群岛西南的大陆架海域以及吕宋岛北部西岸附近各为一反气旋涡外,整个南海北部为一气旋式大环流所控制.(2)在南海南部主要是风生环流,源自粤西沿岸的水体在东北季风的作用下顺南海西边界岸线向南流动,形成一支相当强的西边界流;同时,由于受北康暗沙以南的陆架坡底形效应和β效应的作用,使得在南海南部出现以一个反气旋涡在南沙海槽处产生、发展并向西传播乃至衰减的约50d的周期性过程 相似文献
15.
G. A. Vlasova M. N. Demenok Nguyen Ba Xuan Bui Hong Long 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(3):317-327
Based on numerical simulations, we calculate the integral water circulation of the South China Sea on the eastern Vietnam shelf in the Vietnam coastal current area. The main objective of simulations was to study the hydrodynamic structures of this current in the winter–summer interseasonal period. The calculations were performed for the period from April to June 1999, which had the necessary primary field data. Two types of atmospheric processes were considered: the first is characterized by a small pressure gradient over the South China Sea and the second includes tropical cyclones in the southern part of the sea. The simulation results showed that there are three hydrodynamic gyres in the study area during the given time period: two anticyclonic gyres and a cyclonic gyre that separates them, which together form a complex pattern of the Vietnam current. These gyres persist for the given types of atmospheric processes and are quasi-stationary structures. The Vietnam current carries coastal water masses from south to north within the anticyclonic gyres in summer and from north to south within the cyclonic gyres in winter. 相似文献
16.
Upper-layer circulation in the South China Sea has been investigated using a three-dimensional primitive equation eddy-resolving
model. The model domain covers the region from 99° to 122°E and from 3° to 23°N. The model is forced by the monthly averaged
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model winds and the climatological monthly sea surface temperature
data from National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC). Inflow and outflow through the Taiwan Strait and the Sunda shelf are
prescribed monthly from the Wyrtki estimates. Inflow of the Kuroshio branch current in the Luzon Strait is assumed to have
a constant volume transport of 12 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3/s), and the outflow from the open boundary to the east of Taiwan is adjusted to ensure the net volume transport through all
open boundaries is zero at any instant. The model reveals that a cyclonic circulation exists all year round in the northern
South China Sea. During the winter time this cyclonic eddy is located off the northwest of Luzon, coinciding with the region
of positive wind stress curl in this season. This cyclonic eddy moves northward in spring due to the weakening of the northeast
winds. The cyclonic circulation becomes weak and stays in the continental slope region in the northern South China Sea in
the summer period. The southwest wind can raise the water level along the west coast of Luzon, but there is no anticyclonic
circulation in the northern South China Sea. After the onset of the northeast monsoon winds in fall, the cyclonic eddy moves
back to the region off the west coast of Luzon. In the southern South China Sea and off the Vietnam coast, the model predicts
a similar flow structure as in the previous related studies.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
1998年冬季南海环流的三维结构 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
利用1998年11月28日至12月27日南海的调查资料,采用三维海流诊断模式,计算了冬季南海三维海流,所得结果如下:(1)冬季南海环流系统方面:1)南海北部,在吕宋西北海域分别存在一个气旋式、反气旋式涡.2)南海中部,在越南近岸存在较强的、南向的西边界射流.其以东海域出现较强的气旋式环流.南海中部东侧海域存在一个较弱的反气旋式环流.3)南海南部,一般流速较弱.在112°E以西受反气旋式环流所控制,加里曼丹岛西北海域存在气旋性环流.由于受调查海域所限,这两个环流只部分出现.(2)上述环流系统与200 m层水平温度、密度分布对应较好.(3)南海冬季环流垂向速度分布方面:1)表层,南海北部,在吕宋西北为范围较大的上升流海区.而在东沙群岛附近海域出现了下降流.海南岛以南及东南海域也存在下降流.南海中部,越南以东海域出现范围较大的下降流,其以东为上升流海域,而在巴拉望岛西北海域又出现下降流.南海南部,基本上被上升流海域所控制.2)次表层与表层不同,例如在次表层,海南岛东南部海域出现上升流.中层和深层垂向速度分布与次表层相似.(4)关于南海垂向速度分量分布的动力原因:在表层,风应力旋度场起着主要作用;在次表层,β效应与斜压场相互作用是重要的动力因子,而风应力旋度场和β效应与正压场相互作用也有一定影响;在南海中部等区域的中层以及在南海的深层,主要受B效应与斜压场相互作用和B效应与正压场相互作用的共同作用. 相似文献
18.
On the basis of hydrographic data obtained from 12 June to 6 July, 1998, the three-dimensional structure of circulation in
the South China Sea (SCS) is computed using a three-dimensional diagnostic model. The combination of sea surface height anomaly
from altimeter data and numerical results provides a consistent circulation pattern for the SCS, and the main circulation
features can be summarized as follows: In the northern SCS there are a cyclonic eddy C1 near Dongsha Islands and an anti-cyclonic
eddy W1 west of Luzon Island. In the central SCS a strong anti-cyclonic eddy W3 and a cyclonic eddy C3 compose a quasi-dipole
southeast of Vietnam. A coastal northward jet is present at the western boundary near the Vietnam coast above 300 m level.
This northward coastal jet flows northward and turns eastward at about 14°N, and then flows southeastward into the area between
eddies W3 and C3. In the southern SCS the current is weaker. The most important dynamic mechanism underlying the circulation
in the SCS is the joint effect of the baroclinicity and relief (JEBAR), and the second dynamical mechanism is the interaction
between the wind stress and relief (IBWSR). Comparison of the characters of circulation in the SCS during summer 2000 with
that during summer 1998 reveals no obvious variability of the main characteristics. 相似文献
19.
冬季婆罗洲岛西北沿岸上升流的时空特征及机理研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Winter coastal upwelling off northwest Borneo in the South China Sea(SCS) is investigated by using satellite data, climatological temperature and salinity fields and reanalysis data. The upwelling forms in December, matures in January, starts to decay in February and almost disappears in March. Both Ekman transport induced by the alongshore winter monsoon and Ekman pumping due to orographic wind stress curl are favorable for the upwelling. Transport estimates demonstrate that the month-to-month variability of Ekman transport and Ekman pumping are both consistent with that of winter coastal upwelling, but Ekman transport is two times larger than Ekman pumping in January and February. Under the influence of El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO), the upwelling shows remarkable interannual variability: during winter of El Ni?o(La Ni?a) years, an anticyclonic(a cyclonic) wind anomaly is established in the SCS, which behaves a northeasterly(southwesterly) anomaly and a positive(negative) wind stress curl anomaly off the northwest Borneo coast, enhancing(reducing) the upwelling and causing anomalous surface cooling(warming) and higher(lower) chlorophyll concentration. The sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) associated with ENSO off the northwest Borneo coast has an opposite phase to that off southeast Vietnam, resulting in a SSTA seesaw pattern in the southern SCS in winter. 相似文献
20.
A P - vector method is optimized using the variational data assimilation technique(VDAT). The absolute geostrophic velocity fields in the vicinity of the Luzon Strait (LS) are calculated, the spatial structures and seasonal variations of the absolute geostrophic velocity field are investigated. Our results show that the Kuroshio enters the South China Sea (SCS) in the south and middle of the Luzon Strait and flows out in the north, so the Kuroshio makes a slight clockwise curve in the Luzon Strait, and the curve is strong in winter and weak in summer. During the winter, a westward current appears in the surface, and locates at the west of the Luzon Strait. It is the north part of a cyclonic gyre which exits in the northeast of the SCS; an anti-cyclonic gyre occurs on the intermediate level, and it exits in the northeast of the SCS, and an eastward current exits in the southeast of the anti-cyclonic gyre. 相似文献