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1.
为研究真鲷(Pagrus major)精子在外源DNA下的生理特性和转染效果,探索真鲷精子介导转基因技术,作者通过计算机辅助分析外源DNA环境下(不同孵育时间、DNA长度、DNA浓度)真鲷精子活率和运动速度的变化,进一步采用PCR和荧光探针的方法检测外源DNA与真鲷精子的结合情况,并通过人工授精来评价外源DNA能否转染精子并传递至F0代。结果表明:外源DNA浓度、孵育时间及DNA长度对精子活率无显著影响。在5μg/106个精子的高浓度10 kb DNA下孵育12 h,真鲷精子仍具有(75.89±5.55)%的精子活率,平均直线速度(70.97±6.37)μm/s,与对照组无显著差异,但精子平均曲线速度显著下降,比对照组低21.85μm/s。真鲷精子与带Fluorescein荧光素的DNA片段共孵育后,部分精子在荧光显微镜下观察到绿光。将DNA孵育后精子进行人工授精表明经过1μg DNA/106个精子孵育后的受精率和孵化率无显著下降,通过PCR法并没有在外源DNA处理的精子和F0代中检测到目的基因,表明外源DNA虽然能够吸附在真鲷精子表面,但并不足以携带进入卵子产生转基因后代。 相似文献
2.
长期超低温保存后真鲷精子的质量变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对精子运动率、受精率和超微结构的观察,研究了2003~2009年分5批冷冻保存的真鲷(Pagrus major)精子经1~73个月保存后质量变化情况。冷冻精子在40℃水浴中解冻,大约100~110 s转化为液态后取出,用海水激活后观察精子运动率,人工受精6~8 h后观察受精率,同时精子用2.5%戊二醛前固定,经处理后用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察精子超微结构。结果表明,冷冻精子的最高运动率(87.67%±2.52%)和受精率(71.33%±8.84%)都是2009年保存1个月的精子,保存1,13,26个月的精子运动率和受精率差异不显著(P0.05),保存48个月后的精子运动率和受精率显著低于保存1个月的精子(P0.05),2003年保存的精子(73个月)运动率(50.67%±5.31%)和受精率最低(39.56%±0.69%)。精子的超微结构损伤主要包括精子头部损伤,线粒体损伤以及精子质膜的损伤。 相似文献
3.
花鲈精子生理特性及其精液超低温冷冻保存 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
以精子的活率、寿命和运动状态为参数,探讨了花鲈鲜精在不同盐度、酸碱度和离体条件下的生理特性,并对花鲈精液进行超低温冷冻保存研究.结果表明:盐度和酸碱度主要影响精子的寿命,对精子的活率影响不大;精子离休后置于室温(15～17℃)下8h,其活率和寿命随时间的延长而呈下降趋势,运动状态也逐渐减弱;不同组成成分的基础溶液以及抗冻保护剂的种类、浓度和使用方法均影响精液超低温冷冻保存效果;精液冷冻前经30min降温平衡(0～2℃),效果好于直接冷冻;冻精采用水浴快速解冻法(38～40℃)的效果优于室温(15.5～17.5℃)解冻法. 相似文献
4.
采用两步降温法超低温冷冻保存大黄鱼精子,并用透射电镜技术研究了精子的超微结构损伤.结果表明,大黄鱼冻精的激活率、运动时间及寿命与鲜精相比无显著差异.鲜精中28.5％的精子形态结构异常,冻精中37％的精子形态结构异常.形态结构正常的精子表现为质膜与核膜结构完整、无膨胀现象,袖套、轴丝及中心粒结构正常,线粒体形态完整、嵴较发达;形态结构异常的精子表现为质膜破裂、脱落,质膜膨胀,核膜破裂、脱落,核局部受损伤,线粒体膨胀、嵴退化或消失,线粒体移位或脱落.结果显示,以Cortland溶液为稀释液,10％ DMSO为抗冻剂,对大黄鱼精子具有较好的抗冻保护作用. 相似文献
5.
大黄鱼精子生理特性及其冷冻保存 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
研究了大黄鱼精子的生理特性及其冷冻保存技术。实验结果表明,大黄鱼精液pH值为6.72—7.25。精子平均密度为14.45×109·ml-1。精子离体后在精液中3.5h(25℃)仍有80.5%可以存活。在精子激活液中,不同的盐度和酸碱度对精子的活力、存活时间和运动状况影响很大。精子适宜的盐度为20—35,pH值为6.60—8.50。在海水中精子的直线快速运动仅持续3min。使用筛选出的精液稀释液和抗冻剂组成精子冷冻保存液。采用快速冷冻保存方法在液氮中保存精子。经保存1a,采用室温(21—23.5℃)自然解冻冻精,精子活力可达到89.5%±4.2%。利用冻精进行大黄鱼的人工授精试验,受精率达82.7%±5.5%,孵化率达85.7%±5.8%,与鲜精对照组相近。 相似文献
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采用计算机辅助分析和电子显微镜方法, 对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)精子生理活性(运动率、运动速度和寿命)和超微结构进行观察, 研究其精子经超低温保存后质量变化情况, 得到了新鲜精子的路径速度[(101.91±9.30)?m/s]、运动率(88.30%±2.62%)和寿命[(368.00±111.50)h], 以及冷冻精子的路径速度[(76.78±8.49)?m/s]、运动率(65.60%±4.76%)和寿命[(120.00±12.00)h]。结果表明, 新鲜精子的生理特性好于冷冻精子。同时通过电镜去进行超微结构分析, 发现大菱鲆精子经过超低温保存后, 40%—60%的精子基本保持正常的形态结构, 其余精子遭受不同程度的机械损伤。其中膜损伤为主要损伤, 损伤精子中60%—70%带有膜损伤。推测大菱鲆精子在冷冻解冻过程中遭受到的机械损伤可能是导致冻精生理活性显著下降的主要原因。 相似文献
8.
采用分步降温法冷冻保存太平洋鳕(Gadus macrocephalus)精液,并用扫描电镜和透射电镜技术研究了精子的超微结构损伤。分析了添加剂(蛋黄)及五种抗冻剂(PG(丙二醇)、DMSO(二甲基亚砜)、EG(乙二醇)、GLY(甘油)、MeOH(甲醇))不同浓度(8%、10%、12%、14%、16%、18%)对太平洋鳕精子冷冻保存效果的影响。实验结果表明,蛋黄能够显著提高太平洋鳕冷冻保存效果(P0.05);12%PG中添加10%蛋黄保存的冻融精子运动率最高(85.87%±1.6%),显著高于其他冻存组(P0.05)。添加蛋黄的12%浓度的DMSO组解冻后精子运动速率较高,平均直线速度、平均曲线速度、平均路径速度分别达到了(120.39±20.78)μm/s、(120.39±20.78)μm/s、(155.64±12.02)μm/s,与其他各实验组差异显著(P0.05)。通过扫描电镜和透射电镜观察新鲜和冻融后的鳕鱼精子发现,鲜精中75.5%精子形态结构正常、24.5%精子形态结构异常;运动率最高的冻精中67%精子形态结构正常、33%精子形态结构异常。超低温保存对太平洋鳕精子结构产生了显著影响,细胞膜破裂、线粒体肿胀变形,鞭毛脱落、断裂。 相似文献
9.
点带石斑鱼精子超低温冷冻保存研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为建立点带石斑鱼(Epinephelus malabaricus)精子冷冻保存技术,保存点带石斑鱼种质资源,作者通过选用TS-19、TS-2、Hank’s、MPRS、Cortland、0.75%NaCl等作为稀释液及10%~25%二甲亚砜、甘油、甲醇作为抗冻液,对繁殖季节中3个不同时期的点带石斑鱼精液进行超低温冷冻保存研究。研究结果表明:(1)Hank’s溶液为点带石斑鱼精子冷冻保存最适冷冻稀释液;(2)Hank’s溶液与10%~15%DMSO溶液为点带石斑鱼精子保存的最适冷冻保护液组合,可以获得60%以上的冻精成活率,而使用不同浓度的MeOH作为抗冻液时,冻精成活率均为0%;(3)以10%~25%Gly作为抗冻液时,冷冻前未加天然海水时均能激活点带石斑鱼精子正常运动,其效果与天然海水相似,加入天然海水后精子运动效果急剧下降,精子冷冻保存后也存在同样现象;(4)为保证获得更高的冻精成活率,点带石斑鱼精液冷冻保存样品的最佳获取时期是在亲鱼自然繁殖期前进行为宜。 相似文献
10.
研究了 36 5 nm波长紫外线辐射中国对虾精子对其顶体反应和受精能力的影响。结果表明 ,低剂量紫外线辐射促进精子发生顶体反应 ,大剂量辐射使精子丧失发生顶体反应的生理机能并死亡。 36 5 nm波长紫外线能够透过精荚和纳精囊盖 ,对其内精子起到杀伤作用。精液稀释液在紫外线下辐射 5～ 8s,仍有部分精子具有受精能力 ,但胚胎在早期阶段即死亡。人工诱导雌核发育的过程中 ,紫外线辐射精液稀释液 5～ 8s,可获得遗传物质失活的精子 (激活源 )。经透射电镜观察分析 ,紫外线对精子遗传物质的损伤是一种使染色质变性的化学作用。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献