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实验研究来源于牛胎盘的肝细胞生长因子的生物学特性。将新鲜牛胎盘匀浆后经盐析、亲和层析、超滤和离子交换层析可以纯化到一种肝细胞生长因子。实验采用３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入细胞ＤＮＡ的量来表示肝细胞生长因子促进细胞ＤＮＡ合成的作用,用液体闪烁计数来探测３Ｈ的放射性。结果表明：该因子对原代培养的大鼠肝细胞、肾细胞的ＤＮＡ合成都有刺激作用,而且也能刺激原代培养的人胎肝细胞的ＤＮＡ合成。但对传代培养的小鼠腹水Ｓ１８０细胞的ＤＮＡ合成则有抑制作用。另外,此因子对热不稳定,经热处理之后,其对大鼠肝细胞的刺激作用和对小鼠腹水Ｓ１８０细胞的抑制作用都降低了。 相似文献
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长期以来我国沿海织纹螺科的分类一直存在着种名鉴定错误、同物异名或混淆等现象,它严重困扰和制约着织纹螺的生态学、分子生物学和毒理实验等相关研究。为了解决我国沿海织纹螺种名使用混乱和部分种名无法准确鉴定等问题,作者对中国科学院海洋生物标本馆收藏的标本,以及近年来在我国沿海补充采集的织纹螺科标本进行了系统地整理和进一步的分类学研究。结果表明,半褶织纹螺Nassarius(Zeuxis)semiplicatus(A.Adams,1852)是Nassarius(Z.)sinarus(Philippi,1851)的同物异名;拟半褶织纹螺Nassarius(Z.)semiplicatoides Zhanget You,2007是秀长织纹螺Nassarius(Z.)oveolatus(Dunker,1847)的同物异名;而光织纹螺Nassariusdorsatus(Rding,1789)和节织纹螺Nassariushepaticus(Pulteney)的学名是误定,它应是塔氏织纹螺Nassarius(Zeuxis)thachiDekker,2004和节织纹螺Nassarius(Niotha)nodiferus(Powys,1835)。作者对上述几种织纹螺的外部形态特征进行了观察确认,对齿舌的齿式排列和齿舌的形态进行认真的比较研究,依据目前较新的文献资料,把我国沿海4种重要织纹螺的种名进行了澄清和修订。 相似文献
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D. G. McKnight 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):505-526
New Zealand Oceanographic Institute collections from Raoul Island and nearby add Marginaster sp. (Asteroidea) to the fauna and contain also Helio‐cidaris tuberculata (Lamarck), Echinometra mathaei (Blainville), Echinocyamus polyporus Mortensen, Peronella hinemoae Mortensen (Echinoidea); Ophidiaster kermadecensis Benham, Patiriella oliveri Benham, Astrostole rodolphi (Perrier) (Asteroidea); and Amphiophiura kermadecensis (Benham) (Ophiuroidea). A sample from near the Star of Bengal Bank, almost midway between New Zealand and Raoul Island, contains Trigonocidaris radiata Mortensen (Echinoidea), Asteroporpa wilsoni Bell, Astroceras n.sp. and Ophiogymna n.sp. (Ophiuroidea), all new records for the Kermadec Islands area. 相似文献
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Laboratory measurements of all four CO2 parameters [fCO2 ( = fugacity of CO2), pH, TCO2 ( = total dissolved inorganic carbon), and TA ( = total alkalinity)] were made on the same sample of Gulf Stream seawater (S = 35) as a function of temperature (5–35 °C) and the ratio of TA/TCO2 (X) (1.0–1.2). Overall the measurements were consistent to ±8 μ atm in fCO2, ± 0.004 in pH, ± 3 μ mol kg−1 in TCO2, and ± 3 μ mol kg−1 in TA with the thermodynamic constants of Goyet and Poisson (1989), Roy et al. (1993), and Millero (1995). Deviations between the measured pH, TCO2, TA and those calculated from various input combinations increase with increasing X when the same constants are used. This trend in the deviations indicates that the uncertainties in pK2 become important with increasing X (surface waters), but are negligible for samples with the lower X (deep waters). This trend is < 5 μ mol kg−1 when the pK2 values of Lee and Millero (1995) are used.The overall probable error of the calculated fCO2 due to uncertainties in the accuracy of the parameters (pH, TCO2, TA, pK0, pk1, and pK2) is ± 1.2%, which is similar to the differences between the measured values and those calculated using the thermodynamic constants of Millero (1995).The calculated values of pK1, (from fCO2-TCO2-TA) agree to within ± 0.004 compared to the results of Dickson and Millero (1987), Goyet and Poisson (1989), Roy et al. (1993), and Millero (1995) over the same experimental conditions. The calculated values of pK2 (from pH-TCO2-TA) are in good agreement (± 0.004) with the results of Lee and Millero (1995) and also in reasonable agreement (± 0.008) with the results of Goyet and Poisson (1989), Roy et al. (1993), and Millero (1995). The salinity dependence of our derived values of pK1 and pK2, (S = 35) can be estimated using the equations determined by Millero (1995). 相似文献
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山东近海褐牙鲆自然与养殖群体生化遗传结构及其遗传变异的比较分析 总被引：27，自引：1，他引：27
山东近海褐牙鲆自然群体活样本共 79尾 ,分别于 1 996年 5月、1 997年 1月和 1 998年 4月采自青岛近海 ;养殖群体活样本 5 2尾于 1 997年 1 2月采自山东荣成寻山养鱼场。采用水平淀粉胶和垂直聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法及 3种缓冲系统 (TC、EBT和TG)分别对自然和养殖群体的 1 5种同工酶进行生化遗传分析。结果表明 ,山东近海牙鲆自然群体的多态基因座位比例 ( 31 .0 % )和群体平均杂合度 ( 0 .0 80 2 )都明显高于养殖群体 ( 2 4 .1 % ,0 .0 788) ;在自然群体的 9个多态基因座位、养殖群体的 7个多态基因座位中 ,除了Cat(P <0 .0 5 )和Idhp - 1(P <0 .0 5 ,养殖群体中 )有显著差异、Ldh -C(P <0 .0 1 )完全偏离Hardy -Weinberg定律外 ,其余多态座位基因频率均符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡定律 相似文献
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采用通径分析方法,对红鳍东方鲀表型形态性状对体重的影响效果进行研究.结果表明,所测各表型性状与体重之间的相关系数均达到显著水平(P＜0.05)或极显著水平(P＜0.01);体周长1对体重的直接影响(0.533)最大,对体重的决定程度(28.41％)最高,是影响体重的主要因素;全长对体重的直接作用(0.369)较大,间接作用(0.259)最小;体高、尾柄高对体重的直接作用(0.228,0.145)相对较小,主要通过体周长1的间接作用(0.363,0.296)影响体重.所选表型性状对体重的复相关指数R2=0.950,表明所选性状是影响体重的主要性状.利用逐步回归分析方法建立以体周长1、体高、尾柄高为自变量估计体重的多元回归回归方程为:y =-2154.095+42.072x1+33.936x2+72.687x3+50.538x4. 相似文献
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A. Haughey 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):245-261
Seventeen species of algae, newly recorded between 1965 and 1968 from sewage treatment ponds around Auckland City, are described together with another 11 species found in eutrophic waters of the area. These latter natural waters are often of a transient nature and usually heavily polluted in some way. The genera recorded, with number of species (in brackets), are: Flagellata: Euglena (5); Lepocinclis (1); Phacus (3); Trachelomonas (1). Chlorophyceae (Volvocales): Chlamydomonas (1); Pteromonas (1); Pyrobotrys (1); Chloro‐gonium (1) (Chlorocoecales): Coelastrum (1); Tetrallantos (1); Closteriopsis (1) Scenedesmus (5). (Conjugates) : Closterium (3). Myxophyceae: Anabaena (1); Arthrospira (1); Oscillatoria (1). 相似文献
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Kazushi Aranami Shuichi Watanabe Shizuo Tsunogai Masato Hayashi Ken Furuya Toshi Nagata 《Journal of Oceanography》2001,57(3):315-322
Dimethylsulfide (DMS), chlorophyll a (Chl-a), accessory pigments (fucoxanthin, peridinin and 19-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin), and bacterial production (BP) were measured in the surface layer (0–100 m) of the subarctic North Pacific, including the Bering Sea, during summer (14 July–5 September, 1997). In surface sewater, the concentrations of DMS and Chl-a varied widely from 1.3 to 13.2 nM (5.1 ± 3.0 nM, mean ± S.D., n = 48) and from 0.1 to 2.4 µg L–1 (0.6 ± 0.6 µg L–1, n = 24), respectively. In the subarctic North Pacific, DMS to Chl-a ratios (DMS/Chl-a) were higher on the eastern side than the western side (p < 0.0001). Below the euphotic zone, DMS/Chl-a ratios were law and the correlation between DMS and Chl-a was relatively strong (r
2 = 0.700, n = 27, p < 0.0001). In the euphotic zone, DMS/Chl-a ratios were higher and the correlation between DMS and Chl-a was weak (r
2 = 0.128, n = 50, p = 0.01). The wide variation in DMS/Chl-a ratios would be at least partially explained by the geographic variation in the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton, because of the negative correlation between DMS/Chl-a and fucoxanthin-to-Chl-a ratios (Fuc/Chl-a) (r
2 = 0.476, n = 26, p = 0.0001). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between DMS and BP (r
2 = 0.380, n = 19, p = 0.005). This suggests that BP did not represent DMS and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) removal by bacterial consumption but rather DMSP degradation to DMS by bacterial enzyme. 相似文献
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Data on the food consumption, feeding activity and periodicity of two burrowing fish, the congrid eel Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche, 1809) and the false moray Chlopsis bicolor Rafinesque, 1810 are presented. In all, 455 specimens were collected by bottom trawl in the central Mediterranean Sea at depths ranging from 140 to 160 m during four 24‐h day–night sampling cycles. The diet of G. mystax and C. bicolor was investigated by means of stomach content analysis. Diet varied significantly with length and maturity stage. During ontogenetic development G. mystax occupied different trophic levels: diet shifted from amphipods, predominantly in the smaller congrid eels [<25 cm total length (TL)] to fish in the larger individuals (>30 cm TL). Before the transition to the icthyophagous phase, the congrid eel showed a more generalistic foraging behaviour where decapods (Solenocera membranacea, Parapenaeus longirostris, Alpheus glaber), cephalopods (Sepiola spp. and Alloteuthis media), benthic (Gobiidae, Callionymus maculatus, Arnoglossus laterna) and benthopelagic fish (Argentina sphyraena) dominated the diet. Smaller C. bicolor (<25 cm TL) fed primarily on amphipods and cephalopods; bigger specimens fed also on decapods both natantian (A. glaber, Processa canaliculata) and reptantian (Medorippe lanata, Goneplax rhomboides). Daily ration values, computed from the Eggers method, ranged from 2.48% to 2.99% wet body weight for C. bicolor and G. mystax, respectively. Diel patterns in stomach fullness and the trophic niche overlap between the two species were also discussed. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲料中不同水平的多维含量对花鲈（Lateolabrax japonicus）生长性能、非特异性免疫指标及消化酶活性的影响。以初始体质量为（38.54±0.05） g的花鲈为试验对象，随机分为6组（每组3个重复，每个重复30尾鱼），基础饲料中分别添加不同水平（0.5%、1%、2%、3%、4%、5%）的多维，在室内循环养殖系统中饲喂28 d。结果表明:多维添加量对花鲈的体成分、存活率、肝指数、饲料系数和肥满度均没有显著影响（P>0.05）；当多维添加量为2%时，花鲈的增重率（WGR）和特定生长率（SGR）均最大，与多维添加量为2%相比较，随着多维添加量继续增多，花鲈的WGR和SGR显著降低（P<0.05）；当多维添加量为5%时，花鲈的肠蛋白酶活性较0.5%和1%添加量组显著提高（P<0.05），而多维添加量为0.5%时，花鲈的肠淀粉酶活性显著高于其余任意一组（P<0.05），各组之间肠脂肪酶活性无显著差异（P>0.05）；与多维添加量为0.5%相比，多维添加量为5%时，能够显著提高花鲈血清中超氧化物歧化酶、碱性磷酸酶活性以及血清中总蛋白含量（P<0.05），而血清溶菌酶活性没有显著变化（P>0.05）。结果表明:饲料中添加多维含量为5%时，能够明显提高花鲈的非特异性免疫指标及肠道蛋白酶活性，而在含量为2%时，能够明显提高花鲈的生长性能。 相似文献
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中国碱蓬属植物修订 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对《中国植物志》藜科(Chenopodiaceae)碱蓬属(Suaeda Forsk. ex Scop.)长期存在的分类错误进行了纠正。将其中的高碱蓬S. altissima (L.) Pall.合并入碱蓬S. glauca (Bunge) Bunge,纵翅碱蓬S. pterantha (Kar. et Kir.) Bunge合并入刺毛碱蓬S. acuminata (C.A. Mey.) Moq.,同时增加了垦利碱蓬(新种)S. kenliensis J. W. Xing sp. nov。由此将中国碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物从原来的20种,变更为19种。并重新修订了中国碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物的分种检索表,使中国碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物的系统分类更趋于完善,为《中国植物志》的修订和碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物分类及其深入研究与开发利用提供了依据。 相似文献
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Epibenthic fishes were collected with daytime beam trawl tows (n = 1713) in three shallow (<10 m) habitats of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), Zostera marina (eelgrass), Laminaria longicruris (kelp), Phyllophora sp. (algae), and unvegetated sandy/mud areas. We divided the Maine coast into three broad zones based upon geological features and sampled over five consecutive years; during April–November 2000 in the mid coast, in 2001 and 2002 along the south coast and in 2003 and 2004 along the eastern Maine coast. We quantified habitat use by eight economically important fish species (Gadus morhua, Microgadus tomcod, Pollachius virens, Urophycis chuss, Urophycis tenuis, Osmerus mordax, Tautogolabrus adspersus, and Pseudopleuronectes americanus) and 10 other common epibenthic species (n = 18 571). We identified the physical and biological variables most important in discriminating between habitats with and without individual fish species. Logistic regression models based on nearshore habitat characteristics were developed to predict the distribution of these species along the three zones representing broad geological regions of the Maine coast. Logistic regression models correctly classified individual fish species 58.7–97.1% of the time based on the temporal and physical habitat variables (month, temperature, salinity, and depth) and the presence–absence of submerged aquatic vegetation (Zostera, Laminaria, or Phyllophora). Overall fish presence and economically important fish presence were correctly classified 61.1–79.8% and 66.0–73.6% of the time, respectively. The Maine shallow water fish community was composed primarily of young-of-the-year and juvenile fishes with all habitats functioning as facultative nursery areas. Presence of most fish species was positively associated with Zostera, Laminaria, and to a lesser extent, Phyllophora. This study provides direct evidence of shallow waters of the Gulf of Maine as critical facultative nursery habitat for juvenile G. morhua, M. tomcod, P. virens, U. tenuis, U. chuss, T. adspersus, O. mordax and P. americanus, and many ecologically important species. 相似文献
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Twelve species of barnacles were identified from the fouling community on the parts of the ‘Maui’ oil platform that were submerged during its tow from Japan in 1975 and after its arrival in New Zealand. The stalked barnacles Lepas anatifera L. var. (a) Darwin, L. anserifera L., Conchoderma auritum (L.), and C. virgatum (Spengler) probably settled during the tow across the tropical Pacific, and have been recorded in New Zealand waters before from ships (the Lepas spp.) and vertebrates (the Conchoderma spp.). The acorn barnacles were small, and probably settled in Japanese waters; Balanus variegatus Darwin and B. amphitrite Darwin already occur in northern New Zealand waters. The other six species—B. improvisus Darwin, B. albicostatus Pilsbry, B. reticulatus Utinomi, Megabalanus volcano (Pilsbry), M. rosa (Pilsbry), and Tetraclita squamosa japonica Pilsbry—have not been recorded from New Zealand before. 相似文献
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试验目的旨在研究蝉花菌质(Isaria cicadae)对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼生长性能、抗氧化和免疫、肠道组织形态以及肠道菌群等方面的影响,为大黄鱼绿色饲料添加剂的开发和利用提供参考。将初始体重为(16.50±1.10) g的大黄鱼幼鱼随机分成4组,对照组(IC0)不添加蝉花菌质,试验组分别添加1%(IC1)、3%(IC3)和5%(IC5)的蝉花菌质。试验结果表明:试验组的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。IC3与IC5组的肝体比(HSI)显著低于对照组(P<0.05),与IC1组差异不显著(P>0.05)。IC5组脏体比(VSI)显著低于对照组,但与其他试验组之间差异不显著(P<0.05)。肌肉和全鱼体成分各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验组肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)和血清溶菌酶(LZM)的活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各试验组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。对照组单根绒毛杯状细胞数量显著少于各试验组(P<0.05),各试验组间无显著性差异(P>0.05... 相似文献
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壳色是影响商品贝类经济价值的重要性状。本研究以不同壳色的硬壳蛤（Mercenaria mercenaria）群体为繁殖亲贝，采用个体间随机交配的方法，成功选育了白、红和杂3种壳色的子代群体，并在池塘培育至360日时测量了其壳长（X1）、壳高（X2）、壳宽（X3）及活体质量（Y），并使用相关性分析、主成分分析和通径分析等方法，探究了不同壳色硬壳蛤在幼虫期和稚贝期的生长性状差异及壳形态性状（壳长、壳高、壳宽）对活体质量的影响。研究结果表明：在幼虫期，与白色和红色群体相比，杂色群体生长速度更快、变态率更高，但存活率低（P<0.05）；在稚贝期，白色群体表现出显著的生长优势（P<0.05）。相关性分析结果显示，3种壳色硬壳蛤的壳形态性状（X1、X2、X3）与活体质量（Y）的相关系数均达极显著水平（P<0.01）。主成分分析和通径分析结果表明，硬壳蛤的壳长（X1）是影响其活体质量（Y）的主要因素。本研究结果能够为不同壳色硬壳蛤良种选育提供重要理论依据和基础数据。 相似文献
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Effects of artificial shading on periphyton and invertebrates in a New Zealand stream 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
D. R. Towns 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):185-192
The association between abundance of invertebrates and presence of extensive periphyton cover in the Waitakere River (36° 28′S, 174° 31′E), northern New Zealand, was studied from October 1974 to June 1975. A black polythene canopy (44 m2) was placed across the stream, and the quantity of algal material and numbers of invertebrates in shaded and unshaded areas was measured. The presence of the canopy and the associated absence of periphyton influenced the distribution of several invertebrate species; those more abundant beneath the canopy were Slavina appendiculata (Oligochaeta: Naididae), Austrosimulium australense (Diptera: Simuliidae), and Aoteapsyche colonica (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), whereas the chironomids Maoridiamesa harrisi (Diamesinae), Austrocladius sp. (Orthocladiinae), and Paratanytarsus agameta (Chironominae) and the trichopterans Hydrobiosis parumbripennis (Rhyacophilidae), Oxyethira albiceps (Hydroptilidae), and Pycnocentrodes spp. (Conoesucidae) were more abundant outside. Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Mollusca: Hydrobiidae) and Hydora nitida (Coleoptera: Elmidae), commonly recorded from algal mats in New Zealand, were equally abundant in shaded and unshaded areas. Differences in distribution between experimental and control sites may have been due to interference by periphyton with attachment sites (simuliids and hydropsychids) and feeding habits of the invertebrates (remaining species). 相似文献