共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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随着海洋渔业资源的不断衰退，为了保护渔业资源、推动海洋渔业的可持续发展，自20世纪70年代后期，我国出台了许多海洋捕捞相关政策。文章从投入控制制度、产出控制制度和技术控制制度3个角度出发，以捕捞许可制度、捕捞限额管理和伏季休渔制度等政策为重点，通过整理1980—2017年浙江省渔业经济的相关资料，从海洋捕捞渔船数量和功率、海洋捕捞产量、渔业劳动力数量变化3个方面，深入分析浙江省海洋捕捞现状，提出了完善现有的海洋捕捞政策、加强渔业执法管理力量、加强普法宣传、建立渔业资源调查与评估体系、帮助捕捞从业人员转产转业等对策建议，以期为我国海洋捕捞管理部门提供决策参考。 相似文献
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海域使用管理是关于国有海域所有权和使用权的管理，属于依法行政行为。《海域法》第七章诸条规定的法律责任，大多属于行政责任，即行政法律关系主体由于违反行政法律规范或不履行行政义务而依法承担的行政法律后果。行政法律关系主体包括行政主体和行政相对方。根据本法草案相关条款之规定，在海域使用管理行政法律关系中，行政主体是国家海洋行政主管部门和沿海县级以上地方人民政府海洋行政主管部门；行政相对方是使用海域的单位和个人，也称之为管理相对人。该法对各类违法使用海域的罚款属于行政处罚中的财产罚，是行政主体对违反法律… 相似文献
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俄国鱼类行为与感觉研究（Ⅲ） 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文简要介绍俄国鱼类高级神经活动的研究情况，着重介绍鱼在行为与感觉系统研究的应用，包括控制鱼类行为的一般原理。文中还介绍了俄国鱼类行为与感觉系统研究在捕捞，养殖及护鱼，过鱼设施和装置中的应用。 相似文献
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突飞猛进的经济发展和科学技术进步使得人类的各项需求发生质的改变，当陆地资源的开发利用已经趋近饱和时，人们对于海洋资源的开发利用需求随之激增。由于海岸工程数量和规模的日益扩大，其法律问题层出不穷，其中防治海岸工程对于海洋环境的污染在立法和实践上存在滞后和空白。因此，为更好地保护海洋环境，就要解决现有法律中存在的不足，使之具备更实际的可操作性以解决海岸工程建设项目对海洋环境的污染问题。目前问题主要集中在三大方面：海洋法律制度体系不完善、海洋污染损害赔偿责任机制不健全以及公众参与机制不健全。在此立法现状背景下，文章通过分析历史缘由和现实原因，提出解决立法局限性的对策和建议，即健全系统海洋法律制度体系，明确细化法律责任，完善海洋污染损害赔偿制度，落实公众参与机制，建立环境知情机制。 相似文献
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我国渔业资源正遭受IUU捕捞的破坏.在借鉴外国立法与执法经验的基础上,我国应从完善国内法和积极磋商渔业合作协定两个层面进行防范和管制. 相似文献
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近年来，拖网渔船捕捞成本不断上升，经济效益受到影响，捕捞成本和收益成为渔民最为关心的问题。文章依据2018年荣成、象山和北海的调研数据，对3个海区拖网渔船的成本收益进行分析。结果显示：在成本结构方面，油、冰、水支出占比最大，其次是雇工支出；在收益结构方面，捕捞生产收入占了绝大部分比重；在经济效益方面，利润由高到低依次为象山、荣成和北海，但总体来看利润都较低；在盈亏平衡和敏感性分析中，荣成拖网渔船捕捞风险最高，而北海拖网渔船更容易受到市场波动的影响，规避市场风险的能力最弱。基于此，拖网渔业渔船通过渔业合作社集中购买柴油的方式，以及使用现代捕捞设备等途径来降低成本，提高捕捞效益。渔业相关部门应完善相应的补贴政策，同时也要重视对渔民捕捞技术的培训，提高产品附加值以及加强对渔业资源养护与管理。 相似文献
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为促进我国渔业资源和水产品贸易的可持续发展,文章结合国际和国内的相关实践情况,分析我国水产品合法性标签制度的立法现状和存在的不足,尝试解答其中的关键问题即水产品合法性标签制度的法律属性,并就相关立法的完善提出建议。研究结果表明:水产品合法性标签制度是国际社会破解非法、不报告和不管制捕捞难题的重要制度,我国已开展相关实践并推动立法进程;目前我国水产品合法性标签制度的立法现状主要包括发布相关规范性文件和修订渔业法律,但该项制度在法律依据等方面仍存在不足;水产品合法性标签在法律上应被认定为强制标志,该项制度应属于强制性行政确认,且可适用于水产品国内贸易;在我国渔业法律的修订过程中,应通过健全实施程序和明确法律后果,进一步完善水产品合法性标签制度。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
Globally, illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing challenges economic development, as well as food and human security, and has done so for many years. Despite the implementation of legal responses to IUU fishing by the international community and many States, the problem continues. While political will, the vastness of oceans and limited human and financial resources hamper the effectiveness of these responses, fragmentation has also prevented effective control. IUU fishing is addressed by legal controls across fishing, shipping, labour and criminal law and existing research on IUU fishing has tended to focus on individual aspects of these, yet evidence indicates their interconnectedness. This research addresses a gap, critically analysing the range of international legal frameworks together. Within this context, this paper explores and analyses the how fragmentation of legal instruments, lack of interaction between actors and regimes, and piecemeal implementation of the law limits the control of IUU fishing drawing on the concept of regulatory pluralism to appropriately address the challenges. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2013
This study establishes an offshore and coastal fisheries policy indicator system to evaluate the performance of policies to achieve sustainable development in offshore and coastal fisheries. A modified Delphi method is used to establish this system, and the weights of indicators are calculated using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to aggregate indicators. Results show that ecological policies have not achieved their goals because production and catch per unit effort are decreasing. Indicators with respect to management efficiency have increased after the implementation of the buyback and off-fishing programs. However, net returns indicator, which is affected by increasing cost and production value, is stable. Due to inefficient management resulting from insufficient resources, indicators for the number of illegal fishing cases per year and the number of smuggled aquatic production incidents have increased. This shows that requirement for enhanced compliance is necessary. The objective for cultivating talents in fisheries has not been achieved because average wage for fishers is lower than the average civil wage, resulting in an increase in the hiring of foreign fishers. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
Hong Kong (HK) has enacted laws providing: (1) Regimes that address pollution prevention responsibilities for parties involved in shipping activities to ensure that ships used in HK waters comply with applicable rules and standards; (2) civil damages remedy for wrongful death, personal injury or property damage caused by an environmental incident; and (3) a system of penalties to address the rare cases where the behavior of the polluter is considered intolerable and must be punished as a criminal offence. Being acquainted with this legal and policy framework is of beneficial interest for the maritime industry in HK. This article first summarizes the existing general legal framework, and later presents the results of an empirical study to determine what repercussions there could be within the HK maritime industry as a result of these laws and policies being applied in cases that result in civil liability compensation and criminal charges. The empirical research demonstrates that the laws and policies are in general sufficient and effective, but that flaws still remain in the limitation of liability scheme, as well as uncertainties as to which particular kinds of environmental violations should result in either civil or criminal enforcement. To address these concerns, it is first suggested that HK should impose greater liability in areas where prior law provided insufficient liability, as this will act as a more potent deterrent; and second, that HK should clearly delineate an appropriate role for criminal enforcement in the environmental regulatory scheme, so as to lessen concerns about over-criminalization. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2016
The opportunities for operators to increase their revenue when illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing catches are converted to currency through the market encourage the persistence and growth of this activity. It is often the same market that is targeted for the legal trade of fish. Thus, paradoxically, the market demand creates and incites it, at least from an economic point of view. To deter IUU fishing activities, some fish and fishery products importing countries have started to enact or implement additional regulatory measures, the goal of which is to tackle the problem from a new trade-related perspective. This contribution provides an analysis of various aspects of the market state competence. Within the framework of the European Union (rights and markets) the study analyses the emergence of regional trade-related measures and explore how they are linked to the international trade law regime especially the World Trade Organization rules. Finally, the paper draws implications for the market state measures and considers their limits and potential in combatting IUU fishing. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
The literature on compliance in small scale fisheries provides evidence of the normative foundations of fishers’ behaviour. However, the mechanisms through which normative reasoning translates into non-compliance remains unclear due to the tendency to conceive non-compliant behaviour simply as an outcome of ‘moral deficit’. This paper identifies such mechanisms by focusing on moral reasons which undermine the legitimacy of fisheries regulations. Taking the case of Lake Victoria, East Africa, the paper explores how non-compliance can be founded on diverse and competing concepts of fairness by creating a typology of the modes of justification used by respondents who engage in illegal fishing. The paper establishes four areas of justification: the principle of superfluousness, the principle of autonomy, the principle of futility, and the principle of necessity. Investigating the evidence for each, the analysis finds that the majority of fisherfolk believe that regulations are necessary and support government action in fisheries management. However, fishers expressed futility in fishing legally, given the extent of illegal fishing, and justified their non-compliant behaviour through reference to the cost of legal fishing compared to illegal and the need for better catches and income associated with illegal fishing. 相似文献
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渔村治理现代化作为实现乡村振兴战略的重要组成部分,因其自身固有的发展特征,亟须进行法治化改革。这既是对全面依法治国方略在渔村治理的落实,也同新时代乡村治理体系的基本逻辑相符合。因此,新时代法治渔村建设需要中国特色社会主义法治价值的指引,法治价值同时为推进新时代渔村治理法治化,为渔村的政治、经济、社会发展以及生态文明建设等提供了重要的思想基础。法治价值的适用同样对于促进渔村渔业的高质量发展和改善传统渔村经济落后的局面具有重要意义,有必要在中国特色社会主义法治价值的指引下,找到新时代渔村良法善治的有效路径。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
Transforming fisheries into tourism has become a global trend. It arises mostly due to a decline in income generated by traditional fisheries, and fishers thus turn to seek alternatives by engaging in marine tourism activities. Taiwan has practiced this transformation policy for more than two decades, and fishing tourism has developed as a major outcome. This paper aims to investigate Taiwan's experience with developing this activity, with an emphasis on the emerging concerns it faces and anglers’ perception of trip quality and potential management measures. The results show that anglers had a general satisfaction with the service delivered by operators. However, concerns regarding sustainable development of this activity were identified, mostly involving ineffective enforcement of regulations against illegal fishing, conflicts of interest between commercial fishing and recreational fishing, lack of statistics on harvest, improper angler behavior, and competition from yachts. Lastly, management implications for sustainable fishing tourism were discussed, highlighting suggestions to alleviate the concerns, including strengthening management of the harvest, encouraging dialogue between commercial and recreational sectors, enhancing marine environmental stewardship among anglers, and improving coordination of management to create a fair and balanced environment for recreational fishing vessels and yachts. 相似文献
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Serge Raemaekers Maria HauckMarkus Bürgener Angus MackenzieGenevieve Maharaj Éva E. Plagányi Peter J. Britz 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2011,54(6):433-445
The rise of organised illegal fishing and trade in abalone from the late 1990s destabilised South Africa’s historically stable, quota-managed fishery, culminating in its closure in 2008. The development of the fishery is described in a historical context, including the evolution of South Africa’s science-based abalone fishery management system. The diverse suite of responses deployed to combat illegal fishing and the black market trade in abalone are reviewed, including;- fishery reform to expand rights to a greater number of previously disadvantaged fishers, a territorial user rights fishery (TURF) system, special compliance operations and courts, the CITES listing of abalone, and the serial reduction in the TAC, culminating in the controversial and legally contested closure of the fishery. The main causes of the rise of the illegal fishery are diagnosed as 1) the massive increase in the abalone price that occurred in the 1990s triggering an abalone fishing “gold-rush” and 2) the failure of the post-Apartheid fishery reform process to accommodate many traditional fishers in a legal fishing rights framework resulting in them operating outside the formal fishery management system. By contextualising the abalone fishery as a complex system, embedded in South Africa’s socio-political setting, we show how the resource focussed fishery management system did not have the capacity to incorporate the powerful social, political and economic drivers determining fisher behaviour. We conclude with the need to revisit South Africa’s abalone fishery management paradigm, and argue that a more integrated governance approach is required that takes into account the biological, socio-political and economic factors determining the fishery activities. 相似文献