共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
多种水面类型蒸发的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析有水草水面、污水面、受热水面、盐水（盐水）面等特定水面类型的蒸发量，并与清水、淡水对照，求出蒸发比，还计算了太湖地区有水草水面和受热水面的蒸发模型，为确定湖泊的蒸发量提供一新途径，最后建议用水生植物的蒸腾规律来控制水面蒸发，调节水面温度。 相似文献
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水资源紧缺问题制约砣矶岛社会经济发展。文章对砣矶岛水资源现状进行实地调研,主要包括地表水、地下水和海水淡化水的水量和水质;根据相关资料和发展规划,对砣矶岛水资源供需情况进行预测,得出2020年需水总量为48.33万m3,水资源缺口最高可达9.19万m3;通过总结目前岛上供水存在的问题,提出多水源分质供水的水资源优化配置方案,即增加9.19万m3/a的海水淡化工程以及污水处理和中水回用装置,生活用水采用地下水与淡化水的混合水,生产用水采用淡化水,生态用水采用地表水和回用水,同时建设水资源监视监测系统,提高水资源综合利用率。 相似文献
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即墨温泉地热水的氢氧同位素特征及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
青岛市即墨温泉水是含有多种微量元素的一种具特殊医疗作用的地热水。通过对即墨温泉地区在不同季节采集的温泉地热水、地下水、地表水、大气降水和近岸海水分别进行氢、氧同位素的测定。结果表明，即墨温泉水的氢、氧同位素值皆小于大气降水来源的地表水、地下水和雨水；即墨温泉地热水占δD-δ^18O相关点沿大气降水线展布表明其主要来源和补给源为大气降水，估算的循环深度约为2017．6m。在有利的构造部位和良好的储水条件下，大气降水经深循环加热和水岩反应淋滤盐分，并沿断裂上升出露地表，形成矿化度较高的温泉。 相似文献
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Toward a generic method for studying water renewal, with application to the epilimnion of Lake Tanganyika 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Olivier Gourgue Eric Deleersnijder Laurent White 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,74(4):628
We present a method, based on the concept of age and residence time, to study the water renewal in a semi-enclosed domain. We split the water of this domain into different water types. The initial water is the water initially present in the semi-enclosed domain. The renewing water is defined as the water entering the domain of interest. Several renewing water types may be considered depending on their origin. We present the equations for computing the age and the residence time of a certain water type. These timescales are of use to understand the rate at which the water renewal takes place. Computing these timescales can be achieved at an acceptable extra computer cost.The above-mentioned method is applied to study the renewal of epilimnion (i.e. the surface layer) water in Lake Tanganyika. We have built a finite element reduced-gravity model modified to take into account the water exchange between the epilimnion and the hypolimnion (i.e. the bottom layer), the water supply from precipitation and incoming rivers, and the water loss from evaporation and the only outgoing river. With our water renewal diagnoses, we show that the only significant process in the renewal of epilimnion water in Lake Tanganyika is the water exchange between the epilimnion and the hypolimnion, other phenomena being negligible. 相似文献
6.
Shengli Chen Yan Li Jianyu Hu Airong Zheng Lingfeng Huang Yuanshao Lin 《Journal of Oceanography》2011,67(6):709-718
Using the hierarchical clustering method, we present comprehensive analyses of water masses and their seasonal variations
based on substantial in situ observations in the eastern Beibu Gulf, a shallow sea with a depth mostly less than 100 m. Besides
traditional physical parameters (salinity and temperature), chemical and biological parameters are also used for the water
mass classification and analyses, which include dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, nitrite, reactive silicate, and chlorophyll
a. Consequently, the eastern Beibu Gulf water is classified into five water masses in the study area, namely the diluted water,
the mixed water, the surface water, the subsurface water, and the bottom water. The diluted water is located in the area along
the Guangxi coast; the mixed water mainly occupies the northern study area; the surface water resides in the central and southern
study area; the subsurface water exists just near the Gulf mouth; and the bottom water appears in the lower layer east of
Bailongwei Island, which is different from the Beibu Gulf cold water mentioned in previous studies. The parameter properties
and spatial distribution of most water masses in the eastern Beibu Gulf exhibit strong seasonal variability which is mainly
modulated by circulations and solar radiation. 相似文献
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北极王湾2010年夏季水体营养盐分布及影响因素 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
王湾海域位于北极斯瓦尔巴群岛西北侧,其水体特征主要受到北极冰川与大西洋的共同影响。为了研究冰川融水与大西洋水对王湾营养盐分布以及生态系统的影响,在2010年夏季黄河站考察期间,对王湾海水与地表径流进行采样分析,并测定了营养盐和叶绿素a。结果表明:2010年夏季王湾是大西洋水影响较弱的年份,以低温低盐高营养盐的本地变异水为主导。2010年7月王湾水体可以划分为4个水团,表层水(SW)、中层变异水(TIW)、本地变异水(TLW)和大西洋变异水(TAW),其中,表层水与中层变异水营养盐浓度较低,随着深度增加,本地变异水与大西洋变异水营养盐浓度都较高。大西洋变异水主要影响200m以深水柱,其营养盐浓度低于本地变异水影响的底部值,本地变异水中营养盐浓度的增加主要来自于颗粒物中营养盐的再生。表层水主要来源于地表径流与冰川融水,这些淡水输入与浮游植物的初级生产作用共同决定了表层水的营养盐浓度水平及结构。本地变异水中在水深100m上下出现的铵盐高值可能与浮游动物和/或微生物的代谢过程有关。 相似文献
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Study on interaction between the coastal water, shelf water and Kuroshio water in the Huanghai Sea and East China Sea 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
The main processes of interaction between the coastal water, shelf water and Kuroshiowater in the Huanghai Sea (HS) and East China Sea (ECS) are analyzed based on the observation and study results in recent years. These processes include the intrusion of the Kuroshio water into the shelf area of the ECS, the entrainment of the shelf water into the Kuroshio, the seasonal process in the southern shelf area of the ECS controlled alternatively by the Taiwan Strait water and the Kuroshio water intruding into the shelf area, the interaction between the Kuroshio branch water, shelf mixed water and modified coastal water in the northeastern ECS, the water-exchange between the HS and ECS and the spread of the Changjiang diluted water. 相似文献
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本文主要研究了用臭氧处理海水在经过连续充气暴气12h、24h、不经充气暴气的处理水及没经臭氧处理的正常海水，进行太平洋牡蛎受精卵的孵化和幼虫培育实验，结果表明：受精卵在经过24h暴气的处理，水瞬化率最高为94％，其次为没经过处理的正常海水为81％，暴气12h为19％，没经过暴气为0；幼虫培养在没经过处理的正常海水中生长最快，成活率为85％，其次为经24h暴气的处理水，成活率为80％，暴气12h为23％，没经过暴气为0，从而为臭氧处理海水在贝类育苗上的应用提供一定的指导。 相似文献
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A combination of δ~(18)O and salinity data was employed to explore the freshwater balance in the Canada Basin in summer 2008.The Arctic river water and Pacific river water were quantitatively distinguished by using different saline end-members.The fractions of total river water,including the Arctic and Pacific river water,were high in the upper 50 m and decreased with depth as well as increasing latitude.In contrast,the fraction of Pacific river water increased gradually with depth but decreased toward north.The inventory of total river water in the Canada Basin was higher than other arctic seas,indicating that Canada Basin was a main storage region for river water in the Arctic Ocean.The fraction of Arctic river water was higher than Pacific river water in the upper 50 m while the opposite was true below 50 m.As a result,the inventories of Pacific river water were higher than those of Arctic river water,demonstrating that the Pacific inflow through the Bering Strait is the main source of freshwater in the Canada Basin.Both the river water and sea-ice melted water in the permanent ice zone were more abundant than those in the region with sea-ice just melted.The fractions of total river water,Arctic river water,Pacific river water increased northward to the north of 82°N,indicating an additional source of river water in the permanent ice zone of the northern Canada Basin.A possible reason for the extra river water in the permanent ice zone is the lateral advection of shelf waters by the Trans-Polar Drift.The penetration depth of sea-ice melted waters was less than 30 m in the southern Canada Basin,while it extended to 125 m in the northern Canada Basin.The inventory of seaice melted water suggested that sea-ice melted waters were also accumulated in the permanent ice zone,attributing to the trap of earlier melted waters in the permanent ice zone via the Beaufort Gyre. 相似文献
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黄河断流对黄河三角洲生态环境的影响 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
介绍了黄河断流的特点和原因，分析了黄河断流的变化趋势及断流在黄河三角洲地区造成的影响，指出断流不仅加重三角洲地区今后防洪的负担，而且对三角洲环境变化将产生重大影响，研究表明，黄河断流的原因是多方面的，流域降雨量的减少，水土保持减水是黄河流域水资源不足的主要原因；但人为用水如城乡工农业用水和居民生活用水量增加加剧了黄河的断流；人为引水过程中的水资源不合理利用乃至严重浪费，流域引水管理混乱，水资源统一调配的机构和机制不健全，缺乏具体有效的控制引水措施和手段是导致近年来黄河断流加剧的根源，黄河断流对三角液地区的生态环境影响是严重的而且涉及到多个方面，包括造成了三角液地区水资源的极度匮乏，影响三角洲地区水质质量，造成地下水质恶化，区域植被生态系统良性循环变差，陆区农业及海区渔业生态系统失调，湿地生态系统退化，生物多样性减少等多方面的影响。 相似文献
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大沽河干流青岛段水环境容量研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本文根据大沽河的水流特性和水文、水质实测资料 ,利用 QUAL2 E综合水质模型 ,分析确定了大沽河干流丰水期和平水期的水环境容量。又利用水库水环境容量的计算方法 ,确定了大沽河干流枯水期的水环境容量。大沽河干流水环境容量的确定 ,可用于河流的水质模拟和预测 ,为实施大沽河污染物总量控制提供基础资料 ,为大沽河流域水污染控制的管理和决策提供科学依据 相似文献
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Monthly Variations of Water Masses in the Yellow and East China Seas, November 6, 1998 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The monthly water mass variations in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea are investigated using over 40 years of historical
temperature and salinity observations via a cluster analysis that incorporates geographical distance and depth separation
in addition to the temperature and salinity. Results delineate monthly variations in the major water masses and provide some
insight into formation mechanisms and intermixing. The major water masses include the Kuroshio-East China Sea water (KE),
the Yellow Sea surface water (YSS) and bottom cold water (YSB), mixed water (MW), and coastal water (CW). The distribution
of the KE water mass reveals the intrusion pattern into the area west of Cheju. A separate mixed water type appears between
the KE water mass and the Yellow Sea water masses during winter. The formation mechanism of the YSB appears to be the surface
cooling and active mixing in winter. In the East China Sea, during summer, surface water is differentiated from the subsurface
water while there is no differentiation during winter. In the Yellow Sea, a three layer system exists in the summer and fall
(May–November) while a two layer system exists during the rest of the year. A fresh water mass generated by Yangtze River
discharge (YD) is present over the northern East China Sea and the southern Yellow Sea during summer.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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近几年,河蟹人工育苗已成为我省沿海种苗培育单位的重要产业 ,随着育苗规模的不断扩大及所带来的可观经济效益,各地又因地制宜发展起地下海水、浓缩海水的育苗生产,为搞清这几种育苗水体的水质特点 ,作者对这几种水体进行了分析检测,以服务于生产 ,为河蟹育苗的健康发展提供科学依据。１工作内容和方法１．１采样点自然海水采于营口市老边区三道沟和盘锦市二界沟;浓缩海水采于营口市青石岭育苗室及营口盐 种型苗水ｐ ＣＤ营盐含量Ｔａｂ .1 ｐＨ ,ＣＯＤａｎｄｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎｓａｌｔｏｆｅｖｅｒｙｋｉｎｄｏｆｂｒｅｅｄｉｎｇｗａ… 相似文献
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基于PHC3.0极地科学中心水文气候数据集(简称PHC3.0数据集)的温度和盐度资料,使用聚类分析和Bayes判别分析的方法,对北纬70°以北海域的水团结构进行了分析,在北冰洋区域划分出4个水团:北冰洋表层水(ASW)、大西洋中层水(AIW)、太平洋水(PW)和北冰洋深层水(ADW)。北冰洋表层水(ASW)遍布于欧亚海盆和加拿大海盆,以低温低盐为特征。大西洋中层水(AIW)位于约200～900m深度,在北冰洋环极边界流的作用下,其影响可达到加拿大海盆。太平洋水(PW)受经白令海峡进入北冰洋的海水影响,相对高温低盐,夏季时影响显著。北冰洋深层水(ADW)在海盆中相当均匀,几乎没有季节变化,盐度约在34.95psu,温度在加拿大海盆约为-0.3℃,欧亚海盆约为-0.7℃。 相似文献
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通过计算黄河淡水在渤海内部的水龄变化,能够进一步了解由黄河口排出的溶解性污染物在渤海中的输运时间和分布规律。利用ROMS(Regional Ocean Modeling System)数值模型,加入了基于CART(the constituent-oriented age and residence time theory)方法计算水龄的模块,用于计算黄河淡水水龄在渤海的分布以及长期变化规律。模式较好地再现了渤海物理场以及黄河淡水水龄在渤海中的分布。模拟结果显示水龄在空间分布上差异很大,莱州湾平均水龄为700天,而辽东湾则高达1760天。渤海中部与辽东湾水龄时空分布表现出季节变化,冬季辽东湾水龄西低东高,高龄水自辽东湾东侧入侵渤海中部;夏季辽东湾水龄西高东低,渤海中部低龄水占优。黄河淡水水龄在年际时间尺度上存在明显差异,1998—2003年黄河淡水水龄较高且存在上升趋势,而2003—2007年则迅速下降,此变化主要由黄河入海径流量的改变导致;径流量增大会使淡水水龄降低,反之则会使水龄升高。黄河径流量对黄河淡水水龄的影响主要是通过改变目标区域黄河淡水浓度和低龄淡水质点在水团中所占的比例来实现的。 相似文献
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Fresh water flowing from the Arctic Ocean via the East Greenland Current influences deep water formation in the Nordic Seas as well as the salinity of the surface and deep waters flowing from there. This fresh water has three sources: Pacific water (relatively fresh cf. Atlantic water), river runoff, and sea ice meltwater. To determine the relative amounts of the three sources of fresh water, in May 2002 we collected water samples across the East Greenland Current in sections from 81.5°N to the Irminger Sea south of Denmark Strait. We used nitrate-phosphate relationships to distinguish Pacific waters from Atlantic waters, salinity to obtain the sum of sea ice melt water and river runoff water, and total alkalinity to distinguish the latter. River runoff contributed the largest part of the total fresh water component, in some regions with some inventories exceeding 12 m. Pacific fresh water (Pacific source water S ∼ 32 cf. Atlantic source water S ∼ 34.9) typically provided about 1/3 of the river runoff contribution. Sea ice meltwater was very nearly non-existent in the surface waters of all sections, likely at least in part as a result of the samples being collected before the onset of the melt season. The fresh water from the Arctic Ocean was strongly confined to near the Greenland coast. We thus conjecture that the main source of fresh water from the Arctic Ocean most strongly impacting deep convection in the Nordic Seas would be sea ice as opposed to fresh water in the liquid phase, i.e., river runoff, Pacific fresh water, and sea ice meltwater. 相似文献
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2006-2007年长江冲淡水的扩展形态及季节变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2006—2007年观测的高密集度CTD测站和海床基ADCP连续测流站资料,分析了长江冲淡水的扩展形态和垂向结构。结果表明,各季节观测时段内:春季、秋季和冬季的表层长江冲淡水扩展基本被限制在长江口、杭州湾及舟山水域附近。夏季长江冲淡水的扩展由内向外可分为3个阶段:射形流阶段,长江径流直接向东南冲入海;水舌形态扩展阶段,冲淡水以1个水舌的完整形态指向东北,其运动受台湾暖流和南黄海海盆气旋式环流等背景流场的影响明显;扩散阶段,冲淡水先以较大团块运动,后以不断变小的水块随着背景流场运动,其中一支向东北移动进入南黄海,另一支转向东偏南,绕东海东北部冷涡运动。 相似文献