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1.
Todorov JR Elskus AA Schlenk D Ferguson PL Brownawell BJ McElroy AE 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):691-695
To determine the estrogenicity of effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) to larval fish, 2-day-old sunshine bass were exposed to effluents from three STPs serving New York City (NYC), varying in size and treatment level. Estrogenic response was evaluated by measuring vitellogenin (VTG) and estrogen receptor (ER) expression in cytosolic fractions of whole body homogenates. Concentrations of the presumptive endocrine disruptors in the effluents were also measured. VTG and ER levels in sewage-exposed fish were 3-5 times that observed in controls. Combined concentrations of estradiol and estrone ranged from 5 to 13 ng/l and nonylphenol-ethoxylate metabolites (NPEOs: 4-nonylphenol, and 1-, 2-, and 3-nonylphenol-ethoxylates) ranged from 180 to 470 microg/l in chlorinated effluent. Results indicate that both ER and VTG can be used as biomarkers for endocrine disruption in larval fish, and that 4-day exposure to sewage effluent is sufficient to elicit significant expression of these markers in sunshine bass larvae. The extremely higher concentrations of NPEOs found in effluent relative to hormones (approximately 40,000-fold) indicates that surfactant metabolites may be contributing significantly to the estrogenic effects observed. 相似文献
2.
The Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) was used in the medaka embryo-larval assay (MELA) to determine possible adverse developmental effects of ethanol and the spice component, cinnamaldehyde (CAD). Fish may be exposed to waterborne ethanol and a variety of natural products from non-point sources or leaks during ethanol use as a fuel and from point source processing plant effluents. Consumption of ethanol during human pregnancy is known to cause fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), a collection of birth defects including craniofacial abnormalities thought to be caused by the generation of free radicals during ethanol metabolism by both alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase(s). Fish are also susceptible to FAS (Dasmahapatra et al., meeting abstract). The activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase is inhibited by CAD [Biochem. J. 282 (1992) 353-360; Biochem. Pharmacol. 45 (1993) 1621-1630], and CAD is known to cause developmental abnormalities in the rat [Food Chem. Toxicol. 27 (1989) 781-786]. Therefore, the combined effects of treatment with both ethanol and CAD would be expected to produce additive or greater than additive effects in the MELA assay. Medaka were exposed to ethanol at 100 mM, CAD at 10, 1.0, 0.67 or 0.50 mM, to ethanol and CAD combined, or were non-treated controls. Ethanol at 100 mM was without effect. CAD alone at 10 mM and 1.0 mM was lethal by 1 dpf. Embryos exposed to 100 mM ethanol and 0.67 mM CAD exhibited cardiovascular and pigmentation defects and delayed hatching. Embryos exposed to 0.50 mM CAD alone had less severe cardiovascular problems as compared to the combined ethanol and CAD treatment. Taken together the results indicate that the combined effects of ethanol and CAD are greater than the individual effects and indicate the need to monitor effluents in fish nursery areas to protect natural fish populations. Supported by PHS/NIH ES07929. 相似文献
3.
L. Frlin T. Andersson B.-E. Bengtsson J. Hrdig . Larsson 《Marine environmental research》1985,17(2-4)
The present preliminary report on studies of the influence of pulp bleach plant effluents on hepatic biotransformation enzymes in fish is a part of a major characterisation of biochemical and physiological effects of effluents from pulp industries in Sweden. Our studies on the xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes demonstrate, so far, that the pulp effluents have the potential to strongly induce 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity (EROD) in fish liver and that fish living in the receiving water of an effluent from a pulp bleach plant have induced hepatic EROD activities as well as higher hepatic UDP glucuronyltransferase activities than those living in an unpolluted area. It is thus apparent that measures of induction of biotransformation enzymes in fish liver may be a useful approach in monitoring the presence of potential hazardous compounds released from pulp industries. 相似文献
4.
An extensive trial to examine physiological and biochemical changes in perch (Perca fluviatilis) inhabiting coastal waters polluted by bleached kraft mill effluents has been carried out. The results from this investigation show profound effects of bleached kraft mill effluents on several fundamental biochemical and physiological functions on four different sampling occasions. Typical symptoms in perch from the polluted areas were reduced gonad growth, enlarged liver, and very strong induction of certain cytochrome P-450-dependent activities. Elevated content of ascorbic acid in liver tissue and strongly affected carbohydrate metabolism show that the effluent causes metabolic disorders. Marked effects on the white blood cell pattern indicate a suppressed immune defence. Alterations in the red blood cell status and the ion balance suggest an impaired gill function. This extensive symptom picture is strengthened by the relatively good agreement with the effects previously observed in fish exposed to bleached kraft mill effluents (BKME) in the laboratory.1–3 相似文献
5.
Pirjo Lindstrm-Sepp Sirpa Huuskonen Maija Pesonen Paula Muona Osmo Hnninen 《Marine environmental research》1992,34(1-4)
The polysubstrate monooxygenase system has been shown to be highly responsive to chemical pollution. The present study summarizes the enzyme based biomonitoring of the waste waters released by a pulp mill producing unbleached pulp and paperboard. Cytochrome P4501A enzyme activities of feral and caged fish, as well as cultures of fish hepatocytes, were tested. The 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was clearly induced in fish hepatocytes exposed to biotreated unbleached pulp mill effluent fractions in vitro. The effluent increased EROD activities also in feral perch, compared with controls. Caging experiments showed similar effects to those seen in feral fish: however, the maximal induction coefficients observed were higher. Unbleached effluents contain compounds that are able to affect the P4501A activities in fish. 相似文献
6.
为了评估缺氧对大弹涂鱼的影响,本研究通过模拟缺氧环境(溶解氧1.5±0.11mg/L),探究急性缺氧(1h,3h和6h)对大弹涂鱼缺氧相关基因表达、蛋白含量及酶活性的影响。结果显示,6h缺氧过程中,对照组实验鱼肝脏中缺氧相关基因表达、蛋白含量和酶活性无显著性差异;缺氧处理组实验鱼肝脏中缺氧诱导因子(HIF)、葡萄糖转运体、脯氨酰羟化酶和Bcl2/腺癌E1B19KD交互蛋白3基因的表达量和蛋白含量在6h处理时间内逐渐上调,但肿瘤抑制蛋白p53基因的表达量和蛋白含量在1h时显著最高;缺氧处理组实验鱼肝脏中乳酸脱氢酶、柠檬酸合酶和丙酮酸激酶活性逐渐下调,在6h时达到最低;但肝脏中葡萄糖激酶和磷酸果糖激酶活性在3h时显著增加,随后逐渐降低,在6h时达到最低;在整个缺氧过程中,缺氧处理组实验鱼肝脏中缺氧相关基因表达、蛋白含量和酶活性显著高于对照组。本研究结果表明,HIF信号通路在缺氧应答中被激活;缺氧胁迫会抑制鱼类需氧代谢的生理过程。 相似文献
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8.
Andrew D. Laurie 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):869-877
Metallothionein (MT) is a protein found in most eukaryotes where its primary role is the regulation of homeostasis of the essential metals copper and zinc. MTs have an additional protective role through their binding of toxic metals such as cadmium and mercury. Increased expression of MT in response to harmful levels of these metals has been demonstrated for several aquatic species. In this study, the expression of MT in the liver tissue of the New Zealand common bully Gobiomorphus cotidianus was measured by quantifying MT mRNA. A statistically significant increase in MT expression was observed in fish exposed to copper for 48 h, but not those exposed to zinc. Field sampling of common bullies showed a wide variation in individual hepatic MT mRNA levels which did not correlate with fish age, sex, or sampling location. A comparison of two populations of common bullies from a polluted and a control site showed a two‐fold higher mean MT mRNA level in fish from the polluted site. Implications for using MT expression in the common bully as a bio‐monitoring tool are discussed. 相似文献
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Comparative vitellogenic responses in three teleost species: extrapolation to in situ field studies. 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Induction of vitellogenin (VTG) was compared among three teleostean species to determine their relative sensitivity of exposure to 17 beta-estradiol (E2). Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), sunshine bass (Morone saxatalis x Morone chrysops) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were exposed to aqueous concentrations of E2 ranging from 10 to 100,000 ng/l for 21 days. Respective EC50 values for plasma VTG detected by western blot in medaka, catfish and bass were 200, 170 and 1560 ng E2/l. Since these EC50 values are based on VTG induction curves calculated relative to control values, they indicate differences in species' sensitivity to E2 exposure. Catfish and bass VTG responses obtained in laboratory exposures were compared to VTG responses previously observed with 21-day wastewater treatment plant effluent exposures. Plasma VTG induction in effluent-exposed fish ranged from 14 to 82% above reference values depending on species. Extrapolation of field responses with laboratory-exposed fish indicate catfish and bass were exposed to the equivalent of 27-240 ng E2/l in sewage effluent. 相似文献
11.
The mechanisms by which TBT produces modulations of the endocrine systems are not fully described. In this study, juvenile salmon were force-fed diet containing TBT (0: solvent control, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg fish) for 72 h. Subsequently, fish exposed to solvent control and 10 mg/kg TBT were exposed to waterborne concentration of the adenyl cyclase stimulator forskolin (200 μg/L) for 2 and 4 h. Tissue and blood were sampled from individual fish (n = 6). Gene expression patterns of CYP11β, steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), and glucocorticoid receptor (GlucR) were determined by qPCR. TBT generally decreased mRNA levels of CYP11β, GlucR and SF-1, compared to the solvent control and these effects were differentially modulated by the presence of forskolin. This study suggests that TBT may exert broader endocrine disrupting effects through possible modulation of cAMP/PKA second messenger systems. 相似文献
12.
In a controlled laboratory experiment, fish in two treatment groups were exposed to B(a)P or B(a)P+PCB77 repeatedly over 1 year. Fish were held in a flow-through system and sampled on day 0, week 3, and on months 3, 6, 9, and 12. Each sampling (except week 3) was followed by exposure in water under static conditions. Exposure was terminated by restoring the flow-through within a maximum period of 24 h. Hepatic CYP1A remained significantly induced in juveniles even 3 months after the first exposure. The induction response in liver was more persistent in comparison to the gill response in juveniles. Sex influenced CYP1A expression in both organs of control fish and in both exposure groups. Suppression of CYP1A occurred in females even under repeated exposure. Liver GST activity showed sex differences, control females having higher activities than control males on the same sampling day. GST activity showed increases and decreases under both exposures possibly indicating the overriding influence of some other factors. Increased levels of fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) were detected in bile only in females exposed to B(a)P and PCB77 for 9 months. Liver UDPGT activity, length, weight, and condition showed no differences related to exposure or gender. The study was supported by Norwegian Research Council and the Ministry of Oil and Energy in Norway. 相似文献
13.
Oxidative damage in rainbow trout caged in a polluted river 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sewage treatment works (STWs) are a common source of chemicals entering into the aquatic environment. In order to assess effects of these effluents on oxidative stress parameters in aquatic organisms, we caged rainbow trout at five sites: upstream, near an STW effluent, and three sites downstream in the river Viskan in western Sweden for 14 days during autumn, 2006. We then measured protein carbonyls in plasma as well as 20S proteosome activity and lipid peroxidation products, i.e. MDA and 4-HNE, in liver samples. Levels of both lipid and protein oxidative damage products were elevated in fish caged near the STW effluent while 20S activity showed no differences. This argues that complex mixtures of chemicals entering into the aquatic environment do have deleterious effects on fish. Additionally, oxidative stress parameters can serve as a biomarker in aquatic organisms. 相似文献
14.
Fish exclosures were deployed within shallow, eutrophic Lake Rotoroa, Hamilton, New Zealand to assess the influence of an alien‐dominated fish population on establishment by charophytes. Replicated mesh exclosures were placed at sites differing in wave exposure and received transplanted charophyte oospores and plants, with identical material placed outside. Charophyte establishment from oospores and plant biomass were greater inside exclosures compared with outside. Wave exposure did not depress germling response and the effect of fish exclosures on charophyte establishment was least apparent at the most exposed site. Exclosures did not have a statistically significant influence on the light climate, and epiphytic algal development was similar or higher inside the exclosures. However, sediment mobilisation was lower inside the exclosures. Results suggest that fish were primarily responsible for the poor performance of unprotected charophytes in Lake Rotoroa, with fish effects on plants operating via direct disturbance or grazing. 相似文献
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16.
水生动物对植物蛋白源利用的研究进展 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
综述了水生动物对植物蛋白源的利用.饲料中植物蛋白水平将显著影响鱼类的生长和生理生化状态.水生动物对植物蛋白源的利用与适口性、消化率和必需氨基酸平衡相关.同进实验动物的种类、食性和发育阶段均会对植物蛋白利用产生一定影响.水生动物饲料中植物蛋白源的适宜添加量主要受实验动物种类和饲料中蛋白质水平的影响.因此,通过添加限制性必需氨基酸和减少搞营养因子可以提高水生动物对植物蛋白源的利用. 相似文献
17.
In order to correlate the expression of detoxifying enzyme genes and Cd accumulation in black sea bream, we analyzed four tissues (brain, gills, liver, and muscle) from black sea breams that were exposed to four different concentrations of Cd (0, 2, 13, and 25 mg/L) for various durations (0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h). The highest level of Cd was accumulated in the liver, followed by the gills, brain, and muscle. The accumulation of Cd was significantly correlated with the duration of exposure and the concentration in brain, gill, and liver tissue, but not in muscle tissue, and the rate of accumulation increased with Cd concentration. The expression of metallothionein II (MT II) mRNA exhibited a similar pattern as Cd accumulation, especially in that the expression of MT II mRNA decreased in muscle tissue with increases in exposure duration. In contrast, the expression of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) mRNA was highest in the liver, followed by brain, muscle, and gill tissues, and in gills and muscle tissue of Cd-exposed fish, the expression of CYP1A mRNA fell below that of the control fish. Overall, the liver of black sea bream was the most sensitive to Cd exposure, and the expression of MT II mRNA was 200-fold greater than the control fish. These findings indicate that the detoxification mechanisms of black sea bream are influenced by both MT II and CYP1A and that the genes participate in the detoxification of different tissues. 相似文献
18.
As part of an effort to validate the use of heat shock proteins (hsp) as a biomarker of adverse effect, we investigated the impact of estrogen (E2), the hormone responsible for vitellogenisis in fish, on the induction of hsp 60 and 70. PLHC-1 (Pociliopsis lucida hepatoma cell line) cells were cultured under standard conditions and treated with either 16 ppm copper; a known inducer of hsp 60 and 70, 1 microM estradiol, a combination of copper and estradiol, or media alone. Copper induced both hsp 60 and 70 two fold, while E2 alone had no effect. The combination of the copper and E2 inhibited the hsp 70 response, indicated by a 51% decrease in cellular hsp 70 compared to the copper treatment alone. In contrast, the expression of hsp 60 in the cells exposed to the copper-estradiol mixture was not significantly different than that in the copper-exposed cells. The results suggest that the use of hsp 70 induction in fish liver as a biomarker of effect may be limited by the gender and sexual maturity of the fish. 相似文献
19.
Medeiros ID Siebert MN de Toledo e Silva G Moraes MO Marques MR Bainy AC 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(1):156-157
In order to investigate the influence of domestic sewage on the gene expression of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method was employed. Oysters were sampled at a farming area and, after 10 days of acclimation in the laboratory, were exposed to untreated domestic sewage diluted 33% for 48 h. Gills of male oysters were excised for total RNA extraction. mRNA was purified and the differential gene expression was analyzed by SSH. We obtained 61 cDNA sequences but only 15 were identified, which includes fatty acid binding protein, multidrug resistance protein, omega glutathione S-transferase, cytochrome P450 isoform CYP356A1, among others. The identified genes are associated with different metabolic functions like biotransformation, membrane transport, aerobic metabolism and translational machinery, evidencing the potential toxic effects elicited by these effluents. 相似文献
20.
Alkylphenolic compounds are present in estuarine and marine environments. They are moderately bioaccumulative, and oestrogenic to fish following three week, in vivo, exposures. The effects of prolonged exposure are, as yet, unclear. Sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus) were exposed to measured concentrations of 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) in a 28-day, dose-ranging study, and a six month temporal response study. Following 28-days exposure to measured 31+/-6 or 101+/-47 microg l(-1) OP (mean+/-SD), immature male sand goby showed elevated vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA expression. Plasma alkali-labile phosphate concentrations were elevated in both sexes and were higher in females than males. Although measured OP concentrations were variable, they were significantly different for each treatment and a range of concentration-dependent effects were observed. The LC(50) for chronic OP exposure (8 weeks) was 29+/-6 microg l(-1), and both sexes demonstrated concentration and duration dependent increases in VTG mRNA expression. Exposure to 28+/-20 microg l(-1) OP (median+/-95% CI) for 6 months inhibited development of male nuptial colouration and sperm duct glands. These findings are discussed in relation to environmental concentrations of alkylphenols and ecological concerns. 相似文献