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1.
以深海热液区化能自养菌Caminibacter profundus为对象,采用扫描电镜和化学能谱分析,研究了菌株表面形态和矿物元素沉积;同时研究了菌株生长、甲基紫精(MV)还原的氢酶活性及膜结合的类型I NiFe氢酶基因(hynL)表达对盐度、pH和温度几种环境因子变化的响应特点。结果表明,菌株表面被Si、Ca、S和Fe等多种元素组成的矿物质层所包裹。不同条件下,菌株生长、MV还原的氢酶活性和hynL的表达趋势相一致,其最适条件为盐度30、pH5.5和55℃培养温度。研究结果表明,在环境改变时,C.profundus通过调控hynL的表达,以调整菌株的能量代谢,维系菌株的生长繁殖。 相似文献
2.
台湾近海热液体系独特的生物及地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
台湾地处西太平洋构造活动带，近海发育了多处热液活动，其中最典型的为龟山岛和绿岛热液体系。本文对海峡两岸在龟山岛和绿岛热液的地球化学特征以及周边生物体的响应的研究进展进行了综述。龟山岛热液喷出流体具有全球最低的pH(1.52)，富含重金属元素和CO2等酸性气体，是周围海水中有色溶解有机质的来源；绿岛具有全球热液中最低的溶解有机碳浓度(14 μmol /L)，且具有特殊的动力学特性。喷口周边分布了较为罕见的自然硫烟囱体和硫磺球。喷口的高毒性、高酸性热液改变了热液区生物体如螃蟹的生活习性和解毒机制。热液区的主要活跃菌群为参与碳、硫和氮代谢途径的γ-和ε-变形菌。主要生物质合成以硫还原和硫氧化的化能无机自养型生物为主，微生物硫代谢促进了热液系统中的微生物能量流动和元素循环作用。某些热液生物采用繁殖期迁徙的机制应对高毒性、高酸性热液环境。在热液活动的胁迫下，这些微生物产生了新颖独特的代谢产物。此外，龟山岛和绿岛热液体系还受到了潮汐、台风和地震等灾害性事件的影响。台湾近海热液体系的研究对认识热液地球化学循环、探讨热液的生态环境效应等具有重要的意义。 相似文献
3.
CO2 exchange at air-sea interface in the Huanghai Sea 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
INTRODUCTIONTheroleoftheoceaniscrucialintheoverallcycleofCOZ,withitsspecialpumpingmechanismssuchassolubilitypumpingattheair-seainterfacewithcarbonatechemistry,biologicalpumpinginsurfacewatersandalsointhewatercolumn,anddynamicpumpingassociatedwithoceancirculation(BroeckerandPeng,1982).Inordertounderstandthesevariouspumpingprocessesintheocean,muchresearchhasbeencarriedoutonaglobalscaleasapartofeffortstounderstandtheglobalgeochemicalcycleofCOZ.TheHuanghaiSea,atypicalmid-latitudeepicontine… 相似文献
4.
The 3rd Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE–Arctic III) was carried out from July to September in 2008. The partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) in the atmosphere and in surface seawater were determined in the Bering Sea during July 11–27, 2008, and a large number of seawater samples were taken for total alkalinity(TA) and total dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC) analysis. The distributions of CO2 parameters in the Bering Sea and their controlling factors were discussed. The pCO2 values in surface seawater presented a drastic variation from 148 to 563 μatm(1 μatm = 1.013 25×10-1 Pa). The lowest pCO2 values were observed near the Bering Sea shelf break while the highest pCO2 existed at the western Bering Strait. The Bering Sea generally acts as a net sink for atmospheric CO2 in summer. The air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Bering Sea shelf, slope, and basin were estimated at-9.4,-16.3, and-5.1 mmol/(m2·d), respectively. The annual uptake of CO2 was about 34 Tg C in the Bering Sea. 相似文献
5.
光强和二氧化碳浓度变化对浒苔幼苗生长及生理的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大气CO2浓度升高引起的海洋酸化如何在光变环境下影响大型海藻固碳量的问题,关系到未来海洋初级生产力的变化趋势。为研究大型海藻对CO2浓度升高和光强变化的响应,本文选取浒苔(Ulva prolifera)幼苗为实验材料,探讨其在不同光强下[80、260μmol/(m2·s)]和两种CO2浓度(正常CO2浓度:400μL/L和高CO2浓度:1 000μL/L)下的生理变化。研究发现,在正常CO2浓度、高光条件下,浒苔幼苗的生长最快,超氧化物特化酶(SOD)活性最高,而过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在低光、高CO2处理下有最大值。光合色素含量和光系统Ⅱ的光化学效率在不同处理间没有显著性差异,但叶绿素a与类胡萝卜素的比值在低光正常CO2处理下有最大值。同时,高光高CO2处理下,浒苔幼苗的可溶性蛋白含量最低。 相似文献
6.
表层海水二氧化碳分压是评估海洋碳源汇强度的关键参数，但其实测数据较少、时空分布极不均匀，导致二氧化碳交换通量的估算有很大的不确定性，海洋源汇特征就不能确切获取。为了解决这个难题，在收集的表层大洋二氧化碳地图(Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas，SOCAT)实测数据集基础上，运用广义回归神经网络建立二氧化碳分压与经纬度、时间、温度、盐度和叶绿素浓度间的非线性关系，构建了1998?2018年间全球1°×1°经纬度的表层海水二氧化碳分压格点数据，其标准误差为16.93 μatm，平均相对误差为2.97%，优于现有研究中的前反馈神经网络、自组织映射神经网络和机器学习算法等方法。根据构建的数据所绘制的全球表层海水二氧化碳分压的分布与现有研究有较好的一致性。 相似文献
7.
Four species in the genus Navicula were isolated using the serial dilution method. Based on scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and sequence comparisons of two segments of genes(small ribosomal subunit and large subunit of Rubisco), the species were identified as Navicula perminuta, N. pseudacceptata, N. vara, and N. rhynchocephala. Based on phylogenetic analysis and culture trials, there was a close relationship between N. perminuta and N. vara. Growth of these species was evaluated using measurements of optical density at 680 nm(OD680) under various environmental factors. Results showed that the optimum culture conditions were 25℃, 50–100 μmol photons m-2 s-1, pH 8.0, and salinities from 25 to 30. However, the favorable salinity for N. perminuta was surprisingly high at 35. Nutrient requirement analysis demonstrated that growth of Navicula depended on the availability of SiO32-. Their relative growth rates(RGR) peaked at the highest tested level(0.25 mmol/L). The optimal concentrations of NO3- and PO43- were 3.6 mmol/L and 0.18 mmol/L, respectively. Culture of these Navicula species for abalone or sea cucumber aquaculture should take these factors into consideration. 相似文献
8.
The coupling of upper ocean-benthic carbon dynamics in the ice-free western Arctic Ocean(the Chukchi Sea and the Canada Basin) was evaluated during the late July–early September 2003 using natural stable(13C) and radioactive(238U-234Th) isotope tracers. POC export flux estimated from 234Th/238 U disequilibria and dissolved CO2 concentration([CO2(aq)]) pointed out that the strengthened biological pump in the Chukchi Shelf have significantly lowered [CO2(aq)] and altered the magnitude of isotopic(12C/13C) fractionation during carbon fixation in the surface ocean. Further, d13 C signatures of surface sediments(d13Csed) are positively correlated to those of weighted d13 CPOC in upper ocean(d13Csed =13.64+1.56×d13CPOC, r2=0.73, p0.01), suggesting that the POC isotopic signals from upper ocean have been recorded in the sediments, partly due to the rapid export of particles as evidenced by low residence times of the highly particle-reactive 234 Th from the upper water column. It is suggested that there probably exists an upper ocean-benthic coupling of carbon dynamics, which likely assures the sedimentary d13 C record an indicator of paleo-CO2 in the western Arctic Ocean. 相似文献
9.
海浪对北太平洋海-气二氧化碳通量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用4种海-气界面气体传输速率公式对比研究了北太平洋气体传输速率及其CO2通量的季节变化特征。与单纯依赖风速的算法相比, 考虑波浪影响的气体传输速率和CO2通量在空间分布和季节变化上具有明显差异。在低纬度地区(0°～30°N), 波浪参数使气体传输速率下降, 海洋对大气CO2的吸收减少, 而在30°N以北范围内则出现新的气体传输速率高值区, 海洋对大气的吸收增加。进一步研究了黑潮延伸体区域的气候态月平均气体传输速率和CO2通量。结果表明, 该区域气体传输速率和CO2通量最大值分别出现于冬季和春季, 引入波浪参数后, 虽然该区域气体传输速率和CO2通量平均值没有明显差异, 但季节变化强度显著增强。 相似文献
10.
In the northwestern North Pacific, annual net air-sea CO2 flux is greatest in the Kuroshio Extension（KE） zone,owing to its low annual mean partial pressure of CO2（pCO2）, and it decreases southward across the basin. To quantify the influences of factors controlling the latitudinal gradient in CO2 uptake, sea surface pCO2 and related parameters were investigated in late spring of 2018 in a study spanning the KE, Kuroshio Recirculation（KR）, and... 相似文献
11.
二氧化碳和阳光紫外辐射对龙须菜生长和光合生理的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为探讨太阳紫外辐射(UVR,280～400 nm)和CO2浓度变化对大型海藻的复合效应,选择了常见的经济海藻龙须菜(Gracilarialemaneiformis)为实验材料,研究了UVR(阳光紫外辐射)和CO2对其生长、光合作用、色素以及紫外吸收物质含量变化的复合作用。实验设置两个CO2梯度(380×10-6和800×10-6)和三种太阳辐射处理(PAB处理——全波长辐射处理,PA辐射处理——滤掉紫外线B和P处理——滤掉全部紫外线)。结果表明,CO2加富(800×10-6)显著地促进了龙须菜的生长,而UVR则产生抑制作用,但两者之间复合作用不显著。UVR促进了藻体的紫外吸收物质的合成,而且在高浓度CO2下经PAB辐射处理的含量要显著高于正常CO2浓度水平下的,这表明高浓度CO2促进了紫外吸收物质的合成。在光合作用受限制的低PAR条件下,紫外线A(UV-A)促进其光合作用,但高浓度CO2却抑制了藻体的光合作用速率。在正常浓度CO2水平下生长的藻体,UVR显著降低其光合作用能力,但是在高浓度CO2下生长的藻体,UVR这种负面效应不显著。UVR显著降低藻红蛋白的含量,高浓度CO2在P和PA辐射处理下也显著降低藻红蛋白的含量,但在PAB辐射处理下却呈现相反的结果。高浓度CO2下生长的藻体通过增加体内紫外吸收物质的含量来维持较高浓度的藻红蛋白含量,增强了其抵御UVR的能力。 相似文献
12.
The carbonate system in the central South China Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Clements of the carbonate system (HCO3- , CO32-, CO2, ·CO2 and Pco2) in the central South China Sea have been calculated by determining the pH values and total alkalinity of the seawater samples collected at 42 stations, combining simultaneously with the data of the temperatures, salinity and depths. The distributions of their characteristics have been briefly described and discussed. The saturation degrees (Ω) of calcite and aragonite in the studied area have also been evaluated. The ΩcaIc- and Ωarag. in the surface waters are about 5.8 and 3.9, respectively. The saturation depth is about 2200m for calcite and 1200m for aragonite. The lysocline in the studied area probably lies between 3000 m and 4000 m where the saturation degree of calcite is approximately 0.78. 相似文献
13.
南极普里兹湾及其邻近海域悬浮颗粒有机物的碳同位素组成及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
依托中国第29次南极科学考察航次开展了南大洋普里兹湾及其邻近海域悬浮颗粒有机物碳同位素组成(δ13CPOC)的研究,结合温度、盐度、营养盐和溶解CO_2的数据,揭示了影响研究海域颗粒有机物碳同位素组成的主控因素,计算出混合层中浮游植物吸收无机碳过程的碳同位素分馏因子。结果表明,普里兹湾及其邻近海域的δ13CPOC介于-28.5‰~-21.1‰,平均值为-24.6‰,表现出湾内大于湾外的特征。浮游植物同化吸收CO_2过程的碳同位素分馏是影响研究海域混合层δ13 CPOC的主要因素,根据δ13CPOC和1/[CO_2(aq)]的线性拟合关系,计算出浮游植物同化吸收CO2过程的碳同位素分馏因子εp为23.4‰。δ13CPOC的垂直分布随深度增加而增大,反映出颗粒有机物垂向输送过程中颗粒有机物再矿化过程同位素分馏作用的影响。 相似文献
14.
Atmospheric CO_2 is one of key parameters to estimate air-sea CO_2 flux. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2(OCO-2) satellite has observed the column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of global atmospheric carbon dioxide(XCO_2)since 2014. In this study, the OCO-2 XCO_2 products were compared between in-situ data from the Total Carbon Column Network(TCCON) and Global Monitoring Division(GMD), and modeling data from CarbonTracker2019 over global ocean and land. Results showed that the OCO-2 XCO_2 data are consistent with the TCCON and GMD in situ XCO_2 data, with mean absolute biases of 0.25×10-6 and 0.67×10-6, respectively. Moreover, the OCO-2 XCO_2 data are also consistent with the CarbonTracker2019 modeling XCO_2 data, with mean absolute biases of 0.78×10-6 over ocean and 1.02×10-6 over land. The results indicated the high accuracy of the OCO-2 XCO_2 product over global ocean which could be applied to estimate the air-sea CO_2 flux. 相似文献
15.
ＣａｒｂｏｎａｔｅｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙａｎｄｔｈｅａｎｔｈｒｏｐｏｇｅｎｉｃＣＯ_２ｉｎｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ￥Ｃｈｅｎ－ＴｕｎｇＡｒｔｈｕｒＣｈｅｎａｎｄＭｉｎｇ－ＨｓｉｕｎｇＨｕａｎｇ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＳｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒ２１，１９９３；ａ?.. 相似文献
16.
The B/Ca ratio of planktonic foraminifer shells has been used as a proxy for reconstructing past ocean carbonate chemistry. However, recent studies have revealed significant uncertainties associated with this proxy, such as whether seawater temperature or [ CO_3~(2-)] is the dominant control on the partition coefficient(K_D) of planktonic foraminiferal B/Ca. To address these uncertainties and thus improve our understanding of the planktonic foraminiferal B/Ca proxy, we analysed B/Ca ratios in the tests of Neogloboquadrina dutertrei(300–355 μm) and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata(355–400 μm) in surface sediment samples from the tropical western Pacific and South China Sea. The relationship between these B/Ca ratios and bottom water calcite saturation states(Δ[ CO_3~(2-)]) is weak, thus suggesting only a small dissolution effect on the B/Ca of the two species. The correlation coefficients(R~2) between the B/Ca ratios of N. dutertrei and P. obliquiloculata and environmental parameters(e.g., temperature, salinity, phosphate, DIC and ALK) in the tropical western Pacific and South China Sea are not high enough to justify using B/Ca ratios as a palaeoenvironmental proxy in the study areas. The significant correlation between K_D values of N. dutertrei and P. obliquiloculata and carbonate system parameters(e.g.,[ CO_3~(2-)], DIC, ALK, pH and [ HCO_3~-]) in the study area reflect chemical links between the K_D denominator and these variables. Based on our surface sediment calibration, an empirical relationship between the K_D of N.dutertrei and temperature is proposed in the tropical western Pacific. We also generated a record of B/Ca ratios in N. dutertrei(300–355 μm) from Core MD06-3052 in the tropical western Pacific over the past 24 ka to evaluate the application of the revised B/Ca proxy method. Based on the reconstructed empirical relationship for B/Ca and subsurface seawater ALK, we estimated subsurface seawater carbonate system parameters in the tropical western Pacific since 24 ka. In general, the estimated subsurface seawater pH and [ CO_3~(2-)] show an increase with time, and the record of subsurface seawater pCO_2 shows a decrease with time, in the tropical western Pacific over the past 24 ka. The consistent trends in subsurface seawater pCO_2 and opal flux during deglaciation may imply that the reported increase in subsurface water pCO_2 in the study area was promoted by enhanced upwelling in the Southern Ocean. 相似文献
17.
急性CO2酸化对菲律宾蛤仔钙壳和呼吸作用的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于渤海表层典型的碳酸盐系统,通过实验室密闭培养实验,分析急性CO2酸化条件对菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum) CaCO3形成速率(G)和CO2呼吸速率(RC)的影响,以探讨局部海域CO2酸化的底层海水在潮流或者风海流等因素的驱动下,脉冲式影响贝类栖息地时养殖贝类可能的响应。结果表明,菲律宾蛤仔在急性CO2酸化条件下发生轻微的钙壳溶解和显著的呼吸抑制。CO2酸化和菲律宾蛤仔的呼吸作用共同驱动钙壳溶解,溶解速率随Ω文石下降而升高,G(μmol/(FWg·h))=0.14 × Ω文石-0.49 (n=12, r=0.95, p<0.01)。活体菲律宾蛤仔钙壳保持稳定的Ω文石临界值为3.5,而在Ω文石=1.0的条件下,每天溶解的钙壳相当于贝壳总重的2‰。相较于钙壳溶解,Ω文石改变对菲律宾蛤仔呼吸作用的影响更大,RC(μmol/(FWg·h))=0.27 × Ω文石+0.90 (n =12, r=0.82, p<0.01)。由于呼吸代谢决定了摄食等各种耗能行为的效率,因此本研究的结果表明,尽管菲律宾蛤仔可以通过摄食等自身调节机制来抵御造成钙壳溶解的环境胁迫,然而这一机制本身就可能受到酸化环境的不良影响。 相似文献
18.
基于卫星资料建立的CCMP风场、ECMWF波浪和最新CO2分压数据, 分别用4种以风速为单参数和2种包含海况影响的双参数气体交换速率公式, 估算了全球海-气CO2通量, 发现前者的结果比后者平均小30%左右, 从整体上看, 与单参数公式相比, 双参数公式使得海洋中CO2源和汇的强度均明显增强。在此基础上, 讨论了时间平均尺度对海-气CO2通量估计的影响, 结果表明, 标量平均法比矢量平均具有更好的稳定性, 但依然使得短时间平均比长时间平均得到的CO2通量值要大, 月平均与6 h平均相比, 单参数公式和双参数公式分别使海洋的净吸收量减少33%和5%, 说明双参数公式具有较好的稳定性。研究还发现, 1988-2009年间, 全球平均风速有增大的趋势, 2006年前后出现一个极大值, 但相应的CO2年净通量基本保持稳定, 甚至其绝对值有所减小、海洋的吸收能力减弱的倾向。 相似文献
19.
Utilizing Si, Fe and Mn concentrations within the end-member PACMANUS hydrothermal fluid, Si-Fe-MnH_2 O Pourbaix diagrams were constructed at 300°C and 25°C. The Pourbaix diagrams show that the main Si, Fe and Mn oxides species precipitating from the hydrothermal fluid were Si O_2, Fe(OH)_3, Fe_3(OH)_8, Mn_3O_4, and Mn_2O_3 at 25°C. During mixing of hydrothermal fluid with seawater, Si O_2 precipitated earlier than FeMn-oxyhydroxides because of the lower stability boundary. Then Fe(OH)_2 precipitated first, followed by Fe_3(OH)_8 and Fe(OH)_3, and last, small amounts of Mn_3O_4 and Mn_2O_3 precipitated. Fe(OH)_3 was readily deposited in alkaline solution with little influence by Eh. There were many Si-Fe-Mn-concentric particles in the polished sections of the massive precipitates collected from PACMANUS. In the concentric nucleus and ellipsoid, Si oxides precipitated first before the hydrothermal fluid had mixed with seawater. In the concentric nucleus, after the precipitation of Si oxides, the increase of p H and Eh promoted the precipitation of Mn oxides around the Si oxides. In the large ellipsoid, the precipitation of Fe was divided into two periods. In the early period, increase of p H value of hydrothermal fluid produced by low-temperature convection and an input of a small volume of seawater promoted a small amount of Fe(OH)_3 to precipitate in the Si-rich core. In the late period, after complete mixing with seawater and the resultant fluid was close to neutral or slightly alkaline in p H, Fe(OH)_3 was easily precipitated from the solution and distributed around the Si-rich core. 相似文献
20.
海洋酸化没有显著影响成体鹿角杯形珊瑚的钙化作用和光合能力 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
工业革命以来,人类活动释放的大量CO2进入大气层,不仅产生严重的温室效应,也使得全球海洋出现酸化的现象。造礁珊瑚被认为是受海水酸化影响最大的类群。本研究以鹿角杯形珊瑚(Pocillopora damicornis)为研究对象,通过气体交换法模拟未来的酸化环境(2100年)研究鹿角杯形珊瑚的钙化率和光合能力(Fv/Fm)对酸化的响应。实验设置两个pH组(分别为7.8和8.1),自然光下进行4周的实验,水温控制在(27.5±1)℃。由于珊瑚等生物的代谢过程(主要是呼吸作用),实验系统的pH昼夜变化显著,酸化处理组和对照组的pH分别介于7.69~7.91和7.99~8.29。鹿角杯形珊瑚的生长率介于1.15%~2.09%/周,酸化对鹿角杯形珊瑚的钙化率和光合效率没有显著的影响,鹿角杯形珊瑚对酸化的敏感度低。对比历史研究数据,本研究的结果进一步表明酸化对造礁珊瑚的影响存在种的特异性。推测鹿角杯形珊瑚对酸化的抗性可能与该珊瑚在有光的条件下能够利用HCO-3以及能够上调钙化位点的pH有关。这种特异性的pH缓冲能力使得珊瑚能维持钙化位点钙质基质高的文石饱和度(Ωarag),因此能以小的额外能耗提高造礁珊瑚的钙化率。 相似文献