共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 980 毫秒
1.
枝管藻多糖的提取及其抗凝血活性的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
探讨枝管藻多糖的提取方法 ,并对枝管藻多糖的抗凝血活性进行研究。采用酶解 -热水浸提法提取的枝管藻多糖能够显著延长小鼠全血凝血时间、大鼠体外凝血酶原时间和白陶土部分凝血活酶时间 ,且呈明显的量 -效关系。提示枝管藻多糖具有较强的抗凝血作用。 相似文献
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久效磷对单环刺螠体内几种酶活性影响的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用冰冻切片技术和酶组织化学的方法研究了长期暴露于不同质量浓度久效磷(0,50,100,150ng/L)下的单环刺螠(Urechisunicinctus)体内的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、细胞色素C氧化酶(CCO)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的活性变化。实验表明,AChE在单环刺螠的体壁上呈现出较强的酶活性,活性位点处为红棕色的颗粒沉淀、并随久效磷胁迫浓度的提高显色越来越深;消化道切片上基本上没有AChE的活性。CCO在单环刺螠的体壁及肠道上都呈现出较强的酶活性,活性位点显示为棕色;肠道上,不同质量浓度组由低到高其CCO活性位点依次增多、显色也依次加深。低质量浓度久效磷(<150ng/L)胁迫对单环刺螠体内的AKP活性没有明显的影响。 相似文献
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海鱼AChE监测海水有机磷农药的可行性研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
有机磷农药(OPs)对乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE EC 3.1.1.7)具有专一性抑制作用,因此AChE常作为淡水和土壤OPs污染的特异性标识物(biomarker).本文在海水背景下,通过测定两种有机磷农药(马拉硫磷和甲基对硫磷)对海洋鱼类-鲈鱼[Lateolabrax japonicus(cuvier)]脑组织AChE的抑制效应,分析了海鱼AChE监测海水OPs的可行性.结果显示,抑制时间为20min时,抑制程度达到相对稳定;在低浓度OPs抑制下,纯酶液比粗酶液表现出更好的敏感性,对马拉硫磷和甲基对硫磷的灵敏度分别达到0.28μg*L-1和0.2μg*L-1;在一定浓度范围内,AChE活力对OPs具有显著的线性响应.研究表明,利用鲈鱼AChE指示和监测海水OPs的微污染是完全可行的. 相似文献
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为探究微塑料对牡蛎免疫力的影响,该研究对近江牡蛎(平均壳长:6.6cm)采用壳内推注的方式注入不同浓度的聚苯乙烯微塑料(0.05、0.5、5 mg·L–1,以无菌生理盐水为稀释液),分别胁迫24 h、48 h和72 h后,检测分析牡蛎鳃组织的免疫指标(碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE))的变化。结果显示,在胁迫24 h后,微塑料浓度对AKP的活力有显著影响(P<0.05)。SOD、AKP和结构型一氧化氮合成酶的活性呈现明显的先升后降的趋势。在胁迫48 h后,微塑料浓度上升导致A-chE活力显著下降(P<0.05), CAT、SOD和AKP呈现先升后降的趋势。在胁迫72 h后,微塑料浓度的升高, AKP和AChE的活力呈现先降后升的趋势,而SOD、CAT和诱导型一氧化氮合成酶的活力与之呈现相反的趋势,显示先升后降的趋势。随时间和浓度的增长, MDA处于一直上升的趋势。以上结果表明,微塑料可使牡蛎产生免疫应激反应,且胁迫时间越长,牡蛎免疫应激反应越剧烈。 相似文献
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久效磷对中国对虾体内SOD活力影响的初步研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过研究久效磷对中国对虾体内超氧化物歧化产（ＳＯＤ）活力的影响,从免疫毒理学方面初步探讨了的有机磷对中国对虾的致毒作用。结果表明,久效磷胁迫可降低中国对虾体内ＳＯＤ活和,且随药物浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,降低作用不断增强;几种组织的ＳＯＤ活力对久效磷胁迫的敏感性,肥肝胰腺最高,血淋巴的次之,从组织相对较低,ＳＯＤ活力的降低可使机体超氧阴离子效磷胁迫的敏感性,以肝胰腺最高,血淋巴的次之,肌肉组织相 相似文献
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《海洋湖沼通报》2021,(3)
广东惠州海域是粤港澳大湾区生态安全屏障的关键节点。本文分析了2018年夏季惠州20种海洋鱼类体内Cu、Pb、Cd含量,利用单因子污染指数(SFI)进行了重金属污染水平评价,探讨了栖息水层、食性对鱼类体内重金属富集的影响。结果显示,(1)2018年夏季惠州海域鱼类体内重金属含量大小顺序与春季相同,皆为CuPbCd;夏季鱼类体内Cd含量显著高于春季,其与海水、沉积物重金属的季节变化无明显响应关系。(2)栖息水层方面,中上层鱼类体内Cu、Cd含量平均值高于中下层及底层鱼类,Pb含量反之;鱼类体内Cu含量差异显著,说明生境中重金属生物可利用性和鱼种类对鱼体内重金属富集有重要影响。(3)杂食性鱼类体内Cu和Pb较高,底栖动物食性鱼类容易富集Cd,反映了鱼类选择性吸收重金属元素;方差分析结果显示,摄食行为并未导致鱼类体内Cu、Pb、Cd元素富集。(4)鱼类体内Cu与Pb的Pearson相关分析结果为显著正相关,反映其具有同源性。(5)SFI平均值显示,夏季惠州海洋鱼类体内重金属污染程度高于春季;夏季鱼类体内Cu含量为正常水平,Pb整体为轻度污染,Cd为重度污染。(6)参照《无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量》(NY 5073-2006)和WHO/FAO标准,2018年夏季鱼类体内Cd含量分别超标70%和20%,需引起关注。 相似文献
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基于响应面法分析温度和盐度及其交互作用对大菱鲆幼鱼抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了分析温度和盐度及其交互作用对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)抗氧化酶活性的影响,作者采用中心组合设计和响应曲面法研究温度(17~23℃)和盐度(20~40)对大菱鲆幼鱼血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力的效应。结果表明:温度对大菱鲆幼鱼血清SOD活力的线性效应极显著(P0.01),累积效应不显著(P0.05);盐度对大菱鲆幼鱼肠道SOD活力线性效应显著(P0.05),累积效应极显著(P0.01);温度和盐度对SOD活力的互作效应达到显著水平(P0.05)。响应曲面法分析表明,随着温度和盐度的增大,SOD的活力基本上均呈先降后升的趋势。建立SOD活力与温度、盐度及其温度-盐度互作效应的模型方程Y=74.76–9.53 X1+5.31 X2+1.8 X1 X2+5.31 X12+10.53 X22,并据此预测大菱鲆幼鱼血清SOD的活力。对所建模型进行优化,得到SOD活性最低的理论最佳条件为:温度21.84℃,盐度27.97,在此条件下SOD活性值为70.0463 U/mg。 相似文献
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探索不同真姬菇（Hypsizygus marmoreus）多糖对泥鳅（Misgurnusmize lepis）SOD，CAT，MDA在体内分布、活力及其抗病力的影响。结果表明，相对于各对照组（CK组），精多糖CPS-1处理泥鳅17d后其肌肉SOD酶活力为14．925U，高于其他处理组；粗多糖C2组处理泥鳅10d后其肌肉MDA含量为0．258μmol／g，低于其他处理组；经粗多糖C-1处理泥鳅10d后其血液CAT酶活力为2．667U，高于其他处理组，表明SOD，CAT，MDA在泥鳅体内的分布不同，同时在一定浓度范围内，真姬菇多糖能增加泥鳅的抗氧化能力。真姬菇多糖对泥鳅抗病力也有显著影响，以C-2组最明显，该组多糖能显著提高泥鳅的抗病力。 相似文献
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主要采用傅里叶红外光谱(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR)、气相色谱(gas chromatography, GC)和凝胶渗透色谱(gel permeation chromatography, GPC)方法对5种海藻粗多糖的单糖组成、官能团、分子量进行了初步分析。结果显示5种海藻粗多糖均含有木糖和岩藻糖, 其中南方团扇藻多糖含有较为丰富的山梨糖, 属于大分子量均一性多糖, 而孔石莼多糖分子量分布较宽, 均一性较差。红外光谱分析结果表明, 5种粗多糖均为酸性多糖, 棒叶蕨藻、琼枝麒麟菜和匍枝马尾藻多糖具有明显的硫酸基团吸收峰, 琼枝麒麟菜多糖存在呋喃糖和吡喃糖, 并且吡喃糖苷键可能存在β和α两种类型。明胶氯化钡实验结果指出南方团扇藻多糖的硫酸基团含量为38.43%(±2.38%), 明显高于其他几种海藻多糖, 而棒叶蕨藻多糖的硫酸基团含量最低, 仅为8.92%(±1.04%)。 相似文献
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The effects of 7 days’ exposure to differing Triclosan (TCS) concentrations (300, 600, and 900 ng/L) were investigated in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Vitellogenin (Vg)-like protein levels in haemolymph and digestive gland from males and females, gill acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in gills and digestive gland, and gill lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured. The highest TCS concentrations decreased significantly Vg levels in male haemolymph and digestive gland, whereas no significant variations were found in females. The highest TCS concentrations increased significantly SOD activity in gills, but decreased it in digestive gland. No changes in CAT activity were observed. In gills, TCS reduced significantly AChE activity, but it did not induce significant variations in LPO. Our study demonstrates that TCS alters biochemical parameters in R. philippinarum, even at environmentally realistic concentrations, and suggests differing modes of action of the contaminant, in clams at least. 相似文献
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Cholinesterases (ChEs) have been characterized in marbled sole (Limanda yokohamae) for use as a possible biomarker of pollution exposure. In brain, ChEs existed almost exclusively (>95%) as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) whereas in muscle, about 20-30% of ChE activity was in the form of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE; pseudocholinesterase). Acetylthiocholine and butyrylthiocholine (identified in mammalian studies as diagnostic substrates for AChE and BChE respectively) were hydrolyzed mainly, but not exclusively, by these enzymes. The inhibitors BW284C51 and iso-OMPA (identified in mammalian studies as diagnostic inhibitors of AChE and BChE respectively) were not specific for these enzymes in marbled sole. Brain AChE and muscle AChE and BChE were characterized in terms of their kinetic properties (KM etc.) and optimal conditions (substrate concentration, protein concentration, pH etc.) were established to allow routine assays of ChE activity to proceed under pseudo-first order conditions. The sensitivity of ChEs to a locally significant pesticide, iprobenfos (IBP; kitazin) was established in terms of IC50 concentrations. Brain AChE was relatively insensitive to IBP, but muscle AChE and BChE were sensitive to IBP concentrations in the high nM range. However, ambient IBP concentrations in Korean coastal waters are usually not high enough to cause detectable ChE inhibition in this species. 相似文献
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Oliveira MM Silva Filho MV Cunha Bastos VL Fernandes FC Cunha Bastos J 《Marine environmental research》2007,63(4):303-312
Brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of some fishes from the coast of Rio de Janeiro State was studied as a possible pesticide biomarker in marine environmental monitoring. AChE specific activity in brain varied from 145 to 530 U/g of proteins and the Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)) for acetylthiocholine varied from 104 to 291 microM among the 20 species studied. The enzyme sensitivity to methyl paraoxon, evaluated by the inhibition kinetic constants, shows that some species (Paralonchurus brasiliensis and Genidens genidens) are more sensitive (IC50-30 min=455 and 468 nM, respectively). The less sensitive Merluccius hubbsi and Percophis brasiliensis (IC50-30 min=3339 and 3259 nM, respectively) belong to the super-order Paracanthopterygii, which includes the more ancient species. On the other hand, more susceptible species belong to the super-order Acanthopterygii, which includes more recent species. These results suggest a possible evolutionary linkage for AChE sensitivity to methyl paraoxon. The application of inhibition kinetic constants for fish brain AChE in phylogenetic studies is still being investigated. The results have shown that a fish sentinel species should have the highest brain AChE level among the more sensitive ones. 相似文献
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Tokumoto T Ishikawa K Furusawa T Ii S Hachisuka K Tokumoto M Tsai HJ Uchida S Maezawa A 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(3):372-377
Sonolysis and photolysis often exhibit synergistic effects in the degradation of organic molecules. An assay of fish oocyte maturation provides an appropriate experimental system to investigate the hormonal activities of chemical agents. Oocyte maturation in fish is triggered by maturation-inducing hormone (MIH), which acts on receptors on the oocyte surface. A synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), possesses inducing activity of fish oocyte maturation, and a widely used biocide, pentachlorophenol (PCP), exhibits a potent inhibitory effect on fish oocyte maturation. In this study, the effects of the combined treatment by sonolysis with photolysis (sonophotocatalysis) to diminish the hormonal activity of DES and the maturation preventing activity of PCP was examined. By sonophotocatalysis, hormonal activity of DES was completely lost within 30min and the inhibiting activity of PCP was lost within 120min. These results demonstrated that sonophotocatalysis is effective for diminishing the endocrine-disrupting activity of chemical agents. 相似文献
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阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)抗氧化功能的影响 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
以草鱼为实验对象,采用不同浓度的十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)进行10天暴露实验,研究阴离子表面活性剂对鱼类抗氧化酶的影响。急性毒性实验表明,SDS对草鱼的96hLC50为5·2mg/L。亚致死浓度SDS暴露可导致草鱼超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性发生变化。在所有受检组织中,SOD和GSH-Px活性在暴露初期均受到不同程度的诱导,但随着SDS浓度升高和暴露时间延长,酶活性均呈明显的下降趋势,提示SDS暴露所引起的酶活性变化与暴露浓度和暴露时间有一定的相关性。此外,实验还显示两种抗氧化酶在草鱼各组织中的分布均存在明显差异。其中,肝脏SOD和红细胞GSH-Px活性较高,易于检测,且对SDS胁迫敏感。这些结果表明,SDS暴露对草鱼具有一定毒性,对抗氧化酶活性亦有明显的负面影响。 相似文献
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原油污染对栉孔扇贝抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以原油水溶性成分(water soluble fraction of crude oil,WSF)为污染物,采用暴露实验法,研究了栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)鳃和消化腺组织中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性的变化.结果表明,WSF污染下,鳃和消化腺组织SOD和CAT酶活性随暴露时间增加一般表现为降低-升高-降低的趋势,酶活性达到最高的时间随浓度不同而变化.第1天时消化腺SOD在0.08 mg/L浓度下被诱导,而后随时间增加表现为抑制效应;浓度为0.21和0.88 mg/L时消化腺SOD酶活性被抑制,随暴露时间延长而活性增加.暴露时间为4d时,石油烃浓度在0.08和0.88 mg/L时鳃组织SOD酶活性均被抑制,而浓度为0.21 mg/L时被诱导.消化腺和鳃组织SOD可以作为扇贝被污染胁迫的指标. 相似文献