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1.
雨生红球藻的细胞周期初探 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
于１９９７年在青岛利用显微镜连续观察技术研究了雨生红球藻的细胞繁殖方式和动力学。结果表明,该藻细胞周期分为流动和不动２个阶段。每一阶段主要以无性生殖产生孢子的方式完成增殖。正常条件下游动细胞主要产生２、４个,偶尔产生２、４个,偶尔产生８个游动孢子,游孢子从孢子囊释放后为游动细胞。环境不适时流动细胞以及流动孢子失去鞭毛转入不动阶段。不动细胞主要形成４、８个,偶尔也能形成２０多个不动孢子,该过程不一定 相似文献
2.
海带雄配子体的发育研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
海带雄配子体经单个分离培养，长成复杂的丝状多细胞雄配子体克隆。其中一部分细胞体积较小，逐渐分化为精子囊，并放散精子。而另一部分细胞逐渐增大体积，并经单性生殖发育成叶状体。这些叶状体绝大多数为畸形。染色体计数全为单倍体。把它们移入海里养殖，能正常生长发育，但没有孢子囊，不产生孢子 相似文献
3.
为缩短传统体外培养派琴虫的生长周期(20 d),以北海派琴虫(Perkinsus beihaiensis)为培养对象,探讨了温度、盐度、震荡条件这3种物理因素单独或协同变化下对北海派琴虫的生活史和培养速率的影响。结果显示,在北海派琴虫经过休眠孢子阶段之后,出现一个前游动孢子囊阶段,该阶段以出芽增殖的方式繁殖,繁殖速度十分迅速,但细胞体积较小。体外培养过程中,单一的温度、盐度条件变化对北海派琴虫的培养速率无显著影响,当只添加震荡条件时,北海派琴虫12d即完成增殖,扩增时间明显缩短、培养速率明显提高。当多个培养条件协同变化下,即温度由35℃降至28℃、盐度35降至25时,北海派琴虫8 d即能完成一个增殖循环,与传统培养方法所需的20 d培养周期相比,大大缩减了培养时间,提高了培养速率。 相似文献
4.
温度、盐度和pH对冈村枝管藻中性游孢子附着及生长发育的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用毛细管法分离出冈村枝管藻成熟的多室孢子囊，并对中性游孢子的发育模式及温度、盐度、pH对其附着及生长发育的影响进行了研究。结果发现：（1）中性游孢子正常发育模式如下：附着后，形成盘状体；而后在盘状体中间产生同化丝，大量同化丝产生后，基部细胞变形、聚集，形成假薄壁组织，直立藻丝形成；（2）中性游孢子附着及生长发育明显受温度、盐度和pH条件的影响。中性游孢子附着的适宜温度17--28℃、盐度为20～50、pH为5～10．4；直立藻丝形成的条件为温度17～26℃、盐度20～40、pH7～10。本研究为冈村枝管藻海上栽培提供了理论依据。 相似文献
5.
浒苔(Ulva prolifera)是我国黄海海域绿潮暴发的主要成因种,其孢子囊的形成和孢子的释放是浒苔大量、快速增殖的基础。本文以浒苔为研究材料,比较分析了还原剂(DTT)和氧化剂(H_2O_2)对直径为1 mm的圆形藻片从营养细胞形成孢子囊过程的影响。研究结果表明,DTT对浒苔孢子囊的形成具有明显的抑制作用,用H2O2处理的浒苔藻片与对照组相比没有显著性的差异,因此浒苔细胞处于还原状态时不利于孢子囊的形成。研究结果为探究浒苔孢子形成的调控机制提供了科学依据。 相似文献
6.
不同盐度和温度对熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)稚贝生长与存活的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)自然分布于中国长江以南沿海、日本有明海以及韩国沿海地区,具壳质坚硬、肉味清甜等特点,是巨蛎属牡蛎中重要经济种之一。为阐明熊本牡蛎稚贝生长发育的适宜盐度和温度范围,本研究分析了6个不同盐度(15、20、25、30、35和40)和5个不同温度(16、20、24、28和32°C)对熊本牡蛎稚贝生长与存活的影响。盐度实验结果显示,盐度15、20和25组中熊本牡蛎稚贝壳高和壳长显著高于盐度35和40组(P0.05),且随盐度增加,稚贝壳高、壳长表现为先升高后降低的趋势;盐度20组存活率最高,与盐度30和40组差异显著(P0.05);熊本牡蛎稚贝的适宜生长盐度为20—25,适宜存活盐度为15—25。温度实验结果显示,稚贝壳高和壳长在温度28°C组最大,随温度的降低,壳高、壳长也逐渐减小;温度20、24和28°C组存活率显著高于温度16和32°C组(P0.05);熊本牡蛎稚贝的适宜生长温度为24—28°C,适宜存活温度为20—28°C。熊本牡蛎稚贝对低盐高温有较强的适应能力。 相似文献
7.
不规则物体体积测量的传统方法有排液法、称重法和排气法等,不仅操作繁琐,而且准确度及精确度低。本文首次提出了排水称重法,利用该方法能够更加简单、快速、准确地测量出物体的体积和质量。用此法对不同海区26个采样点的1100个牡蛎贝壳密度进行了测定分析,结果表明:大部分牡蛎的左壳密度显著小于右壳密度(P0.05);对于不同海区间的牡蛎,贝壳密度存在极显著的差异(P0.001);分布海区相近的牡蛎间,壳的密度也趋于相近;受环境压力相对较大的潮间带上部的牡蛎,贝壳密度也相对较大。本研究为剖析牡蛎贝壳形成机制以及温度、盐度和海洋酸化等环境因素对牡蛎贝壳形成的影响等研究提供了实验数据和参考。 相似文献
8.
蓝杆藻113菌株为海洋微藻，实验室培养证明其单位体积胞外多糖产量高。用改进的F／2改良培养液培养，添加70g／L时的NaCl盐度是该菌株胞外多糖释放的最适盐度。不添加NaCl时的盐度是菌体细胞生长的最适盐度。NaNO2营养限制抑制该菌株细胞的生长，促进该菌株胞外多糖的释放。NaH2PO4营养限制抑制该菌株细胞的生长，但对胞外多糖产量的影响不明显。MgSO4营养限制则同时抑制该菌株细胞生长和胞外多糖释放。该研究结果有助于蓝杆藻113菌株胞外多糖的生产及该菌株其它方面的开发利用。 相似文献
9.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(Z1)
本文采用单因子分析方法研究了不同温度和盐度对壳金长牡蛎幼虫生长和存活的影响。在实验条件下,分别设置5个不同盐度(20、25、30、35和40)和4个不同温度(20、25、30和35℃),定期测量壳金长牡蛎面盘幼虫的壳高和存活率,采用单因子分析法进行数据分析。温度实验表明,高温条件(30~35℃)下,幼虫死亡率较高,适宜幼虫存活的温度为20~25℃;升温能促进幼虫的生长,适宜幼虫快速生长的温度为25~35℃;均衡生长和存活两个指标,最适幼虫人工培育的温度为25℃。盐度实验表明,高盐对幼虫的生长和存活有明显的抑制作用,适宜幼虫存活和生长的盐度均为20~30;均衡生长和存活两个指标,最适合幼虫人工培育的盐度为25。研究结果表明,壳金长牡蛎苗种培育的适宜水温为25℃,适宜盐度为25。本研究结果将为壳金长牡蛎的大规模人工繁育和养殖推广提供基础资料。 相似文献
10.
为确定长牡蛎新品种"海大1号"苗种繁育的最适环境条件,研究了盐度对其胚胎发育的影响以及盐度、水温对其幼虫生长、存活率和附着率的影响。结果表明:长牡蛎"海大1号"受精卵孵化的最适盐度为30~35,孵化率最高可达90%。幼虫生长的适宜盐度为20~35,最适盐度为20~30;存活的适宜盐度为20~35,最适盐度为20~25;幼虫附着的适宜盐度为20~35,最适盐度为25~30;对长牡蛎"海大1号"幼虫生长、存活、附着的适宜水温分别为为20~30℃、20~25℃、20~30℃,最适水温分别为30、25、30℃,高温35℃时幼虫全部死亡。综上,长牡蛎"海大1号"苗种培育的适宜盐度为20~35,适宜水温为20~25℃。上述结果为长牡蛎"海大1号"规模化苗种繁育提供了重要的基础资料。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
19.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
20.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献