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1.
采用两种不同降温方法, 进行吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus) (60.13g)低温应激比较(水温从26℃降至致死温度8℃)。急性低温应激组以9℃/h的降温速度, 2h后水温降至8℃; 慢性低温应激组以3℃/d的降温速度, 6d后水温降至8℃。以水温到达8℃时的时间为0h, 比较致死温度下两种低温处理对吉富罗非鱼48h内累积死亡率、血清皮质醇与天然免疫指标的变化。结果表明, 致死温度下48h时, 急性低温应激组的累积死亡率为53.33%, 显著高于慢性低温应激组的26.67% (P<0.05); 慢性低温应激组血清皮质醇水平低于急性低温应激组, 血清溶菌酶、C3和IgM活力以及头肾中C型溶菌酶和抗菌肽基因相对表达水平显著高于急性应激组(P<0.05)。急性低温应激组相对较高的血清皮质醇水平抑制了机体天然免疫活性, 降低了鱼体的抵抗力。因此, 在实际养殖生产中, 通过适当的低温驯化过程可以有效地提高吉富罗非鱼的低温耐受性。 相似文献
2.
急性温度应激对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)幼鱼生化指标和肝脏HSP70 mRNA 表达的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用温度应激的方法,将尼罗罗非鱼在26℃下驯养3周后,直接放入16℃、21℃、26℃(对照)、31℃和35℃水环境中,在不同温度应激后(0—24h)对鱼体血液和肝脏生化指标及其肝脏HSP70mRNA表达量变化进行了研究。结果表明,各实验组(除对照组外)血清皮质醇水平显著上升(P<0.05)。16℃组血清葡萄糖水平在24h时显著高于其它各组(P<0.05)。血清总蛋白水平与谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶活力和肝脏HSP70mRNA表达量在0—24h内基本呈先上升后下降的变化。24h后,16℃组血清甘油三酯含量显著上升,而胆固醇含量显著下降(P<0.05)。16℃和35℃组肝脏丙二醛含量随着应激时间的延长而上升,超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活力均呈先上升后下降的变化。温度应激可显著改变罗非鱼的非特异性免疫力、抗氧化能力以及肝脏HSP70mRNA的表达水平。在实际养殖生产中,应密切关注温度的变化,降低温度胁迫对鱼体免疫机能的影响。 相似文献
3.
温度和盐度胁迫下虹鳟和硬头鳟抗应激能力的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了查明虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)和硬头鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)海上养殖抗应激能力的差异,本研究将虹鳟((52.14±7.22)g)和硬头鳟((54.38±6.32)g)幼鱼的环境介质从水温16℃、盐度30突降至温度(13、10和7℃)和盐度(27、24、21)的不同组合环境,在突变前(0h)和突变后2、6、12、24和48h采集幼鱼血清样品,分析其抗氧化酶活力、丙二醛(MDA)和皮质醇(COR)含量,比较虹鳟和硬头鳟应对温度、盐度胁迫时的抗应激能力。研究发现:胁迫开始后,虹鳟和硬头鳟幼鱼血清中抗氧化酶活力和MDA含量均呈现先上升后下降的趋势;在胁迫24h后,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力和MDA含量出现了回升;虹鳟血清COR含量始终上升,而硬头鳟血清COR含量到在胁迫后期开始下降。上述指标在胁迫过程中均显著高于对照组(P0.05),表明温度、盐度突变48h后虹鳟和硬头鳟幼鱼仍处于应激状态。温度和盐度的交互作用多出现在胁迫12h内,对虹鳟上述指标的影响明显(P0.05),对硬头鳟的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、CAT、GSH-PX、COR影响明显(P0.05);且硬头鳟血清CAT和GSH-PX活性显著高于虹鳟(P0.05),MDA和COR含量则显著低于虹鳟(P0.05)。而在温度、盐度无显著交互影响时,温度效应较盐度更加明显。本实验结果初步表明:海上养殖遭遇台风暴雨天气时,硬头鳟抗应激能力强于虹鳟。 相似文献
4.
脂肪肝病变大黄鱼肝脏脂肪酸组成、代谢酶活性及抗氧化能力的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
脂肪肝病变在人工养殖大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)中非常普遍,本试验研究了大黄鱼脂肪肝的发生机制,为寻找解决大黄鱼脂肪肝的有效途径提供基础资料.试验鱼取自中国东海,养殖方式和饲料来源相同,根据肉眼和组织学观察分为正常肝脏、轻微脂肪肝和严重脂肪肝3类.分别测定了正常大黄鱼和具有脂肪肝症状的大黄鱼肝脏总脂脂肪酸组成的变化、相应脂肪酸合成酶、抗氧化酶以及丙二醛含量的变化.试验结果显示,随着大黄鱼脂肪肝症状严重程度增加,肝脏总脂饱和脂肪酸和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比例显著降低(P<0.05),单不饱和脂肪酸比例显著上升(P<0.05).其中严重脂肪肝花生四烯酸(ARA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)比例较正常鱼分别降低了89%,79%和78%.严重脂肪肝大黄鱼的异柠檬酸脱氢酶和6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶活性显著高于正常鱼(P<0.05);轻微脂肪肝鱼的转氨酶活性显著低于正常鱼(P<0.05);具有脂肪肝症状的大黄鱼超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性均高于正常鱼.丙二醛含量则随大黄鱼脂肪肝病变程度加剧而显著增加(P<0.05).通过分析认为,过量单不饱和脂肪酸沉积在肝脏中,导致脂肪酸合成代谢发生紊乱,可能是造成大黄鱼脂肪肝的主要原因;肝脏ARA含量大量减少使脂肪肝大黄鱼抗应激能力降低,而肝脏脂肪酸过氧化程度升高,进一步破坏肝脏的正常功能. 相似文献
5.
进行9周的养殖实验,比较分析饲料蛋白质水平对3个不同生长阶段大黄鱼体内蛋白质沉积和代谢反应相关指标的影响。实验用大黄鱼分为3种规格,分别是小规格鱼(SF,初始体重:(12.80±0.08)g)、中规格鱼(MF,初始体重:(137.90±0.81)g)和大规格鱼(LF,初始体重:(194.10±2.37)g)。饲料中的7个蛋白质梯度设置为30.4%,34.2%,38.5%,42.2%,46.0%,50.3%和54.3%。结果表明,随着饲料蛋白质水平的上升,SF的蛋白质含量和氮保留率显著升高(P0.05),而MF和LF的全鱼蛋白质含量(BP)和氮保留率(NR)未见显著变化(P0.05)。从不同生长阶段来看,氮保留率MF显著低于SF和LF(P0.05)。3个生长阶段,大黄鱼肝脏中的谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性,以及血清中的血氨、尿素氮和总氨基酸含量均随着饲料蛋白质水平的上升而显著升高(P0.05)。从不同生长阶段来看,血氨含量MF显著高于SF和LF(P0.05)。研究表明,大黄鱼体内蛋白质沉积和氨基酸代谢随饲料蛋白质水平的上升而增强,大黄鱼的氮保留能力MF阶段低于SF和LF阶段。 相似文献
6.
高温对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼血清生化指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了持续7 d和14 d 32℃高温对12月龄大黄鱼血清生化指标影响,结果表明:高温处理7 d后,碱性磷酸酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、肌酸激酶同工酶、谷酰转肽酶、乳酸脱氢酶的活性均有所升高,除碱性磷酸酶,其余五种酶与对照组(25℃)差异均达到极显著水平(P0.01);血清中Cl-、Na+和Ca2+的浓度与对照组差异不显著(P0.05),而K+的浓度显著低于对照组(P0.05);血清中总蛋白、胆固醇、甘油三酯、葡萄糖、尿素氮的含量均有所降低,其中尿素氮、胆固醇、甘油三酯、葡萄糖的含量与对照组差异达到显著(P0.05)或极显著水平(P0.01)。高温处理14 d后,除肌酸激酶同工酶、乳酸脱氢酶的活性显著高于对照组外(P0.01),其它酶与对照相比差异不显著(P0.05);血清中Ca2+、K+的浓度显著低于对照组(P0.05),Cl-、Na+的浓度与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);尿素氮、胆固醇的含量与对照组差异达到显著水平(P0.05)。以上研究表明:高温处理7 d、14 d,肌酸激酶同工酶、乳酸脱氢酶、K+浓度、尿素氮和胆固醇5个指标与对照相比都存在显著的变化,可作为大黄鱼对高温的反应指标。 相似文献
7.
以本课题组选育的“闽优1 号”及未经选育的普通大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)养殖群体为研究对象, 比较了两者的白细胞吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活性、杀菌活力、白蛋白及免疫球蛋白含量、血清及血细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性等免疫指标的差异。结果表明: 选育的“闽优1 号”大黄鱼血清溶菌酶和血细胞SOD 活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05), 而血清中的免疫球蛋白含量低于普通养殖群体。在病原菌攻毒后8 d 内, 选育群体累积死亡率显著低于非选育群体, 提示非特异性免疫在大黄鱼抗病免疫的早期阶段可能起着重要作用。 相似文献
8.
养殖大黄鱼在自然海区降温不同阶段抗氧化水平及血清酶活性的变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解越冬期间水温下降对大黄鱼抗氧化水平和血清酶活性的影响, 作者研究了养殖大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)冬季海区自然降温不同阶段(20、16、12、10、8℃)肝脏和肌肉中抗氧化水平及血清酶活性的变化。结果显示: 自然降温过程中, 肝脏中3 种抗氧化酶变化趋势不同, 其中SOD 活性呈升高趋势, 8℃时SOD活性最强; POD 活性呈先升高后降低的变化趋势, 16℃时活性最高; CAT 活性呈下降趋势; 而肌肉中这3 种抗氧化酶活性均呈下降趋势。肝脏中GSH 和MDA 含量在16℃时最高; 肌肉中的3 种抗氧化酶活性、GSH 和MDA 含量以及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均明显低于肝脏中, 反映了肝脏对清除自由基具有重要作用, 在抗氧化调节方面起到主要作用。血清酶ALT、AST、ALP、LDH 及CK-MB 随水温自然下降酶活性均呈现降低趋势, 即20℃时酶活性最强; CK 和LIP 随着水温降低, 呈先上升再下降的趋势; ADA 和GGT 随水温降低活性呈上升趋势。血清酶的不同变化, 说明水温对大黄鱼血清酶活性有一定的影响。 相似文献
9.
为优化大黄鱼(Larimichthyscrocea)麻醉运输技术,提高保活率,以不同浓度MS-222麻醉剂对其运输存活率、呼吸代谢、鱼体生理生化指标的影响展开研究。结果显示:(1) 12 h模拟运输后,10mg/L麻醉组大黄鱼存活率显著高于其他实验组(P<0.05),30mg/L麻醉组积累死亡率已高于50%;(2)呼吸频率随麻醉剂浓度的升高显著降低(P<0.05),各组水体溶解氧含量随运输时长增加均呈下降趋势;(3) 10和20 mg/L麻醉组大黄鱼复苏率分别为89%±10%和63%±19%,且均显著高于30 mg/L麻醉组(P<0.05);(4)随麻醉剂浓度的升高,大黄鱼血清中皮质醇、谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶水平逐渐降低,其肌肉乳酸水平显著降低(P<0.05),其肌糖原水平显著升高(P<0.05)。结果表明:高浓度(30mg/L)MS-222处理会引起大黄鱼呼吸抑制,造成运输存活率下降,不适合应用于大黄鱼的保活运输;低浓度(10mg/L)MS-222处理可以达到降低鱼体拥挤胁迫、应激反应及呼吸代谢的效果,并可以有效降低大黄鱼死亡率,保活... 相似文献
10.
以大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)为研究对象,通过研究急性低盐度胁迫对大黄鱼血清生化组分的影响,评估盐度骤降引起鱼体的应激反应。急性低盐度(15、8)胁迫下,在72 h的实验周期中,大黄鱼血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量整体显著下降(P<0.05);血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)及球蛋白(GLB)含量在15盐度胁迫下呈波动变化,与对照组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05),8盐度胁迫下,TP含量呈显著下降后逐渐升高趋势;血清甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(CHOL)含量在15盐度胁迫下均在初始阶段显著变化后逐渐恢复至对照组水平,而8低盐胁迫后二者含量均在实验后期(48 h和72 h)大幅度显著升高;血清中的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)含量在低盐胁迫下均显著高于对照组水平,且呈现出盐度相关性。研究结果表明,急性低盐胁迫会引起鱼体应激反应,实际生产中应避免养殖环境盐度的剧烈变化。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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18.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献