共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
双壳类动物梁色体研究现状及进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
综述了双壳类动物梁色体核型、带型及核ＤＮＡ含量等方面的研究成果,迄今,已知梁色体数的双壳类动物有２６科的１５７种（２Ｎ＝１４～４８）,其中８９种有核型报道,带型研究仅在美洲牡蛎、太平洋牡蛎、贻贝、缢蛏等种类中有关于Ｇ带、Ｃ带和Ａｇ－ＮＯＲ带的报道;６５种双壳类动物有ＤＮＡ含量的记载。指出有关ＤＮＡ含量与个体生长发育的关系等方面的研究工作尚需进一步开展。 相似文献
2.
中国海洋贝类染色体研究进展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
概括总结了我国已报道的40种海洋贝类的染色体组型研究结果,腹足纲的染色体数目有2n=30,34,36和60;双壳纲的染色体数目有2n=20,22,28,32,34和38等几种类型。分析了贝类染色体制备的特点,预先向活贝体内注射PHA,可有效地增加中期分裂相。产生核型差异的原因可能是制片时的处理条件不同或因染色体结构重排以及地域差异造成的同种异体之间的核型多态。双壳纲和绝大多数腹足纲贝类都没有性染色体,而非整倍体是染色体畸变的结果。最后介绍了显带技术和荧光原位杂交技术在贝类染色体研究中的应用现状,认为FISH技术将为贝类染色体的鉴定提供有效的方法。 相似文献
3.
双壳纲八种贝类的核DNA定量分析及其与进化地位关系的初步探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用流式细胞仪测定了双壳纲8种贝类的细胞核DNA含量。结果显示,测定贝类的DNA含量分别为(pg):太平洋牡蛎,2.06±0.03;东方海笋,2.11±0.07;近江牡蛎,2.18±0.13;结蚶,2.59±0.10;青蚶,3.08±0.23;砂海螂,3.24±0.28;缢蛏,3.85±0.10;日本镜蛤,5.00±0.20。双因素方差分析表明,同种贝类个体间DNA含量的差异不显著(p>0.05),仅占总差异的0.12%;而种间差异极为显著(p<0.01),比例高达97.45%。本实验所测8种贝类的DNA含量与其进化地位间未呈现出明显的相关性。 相似文献
4.
为了解三倍体金虎杂交斑(棕点石斑鱼Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×蓝身大斑石斑鱼E. tukula♂)的细胞遗传特性。以静水压休克诱导的三倍体金虎杂交斑为研究对象,通过细胞DNA含量测定鉴定出三倍体金虎杂交斑、对三倍体金虎杂交斑进行红细胞大小、形态的比较及染色体核型分析。结果显示,三倍体金虎杂交斑的DNA含量与二倍体金虎杂交斑的DNA含量的比值为1.45︰1。三倍体金虎杂交斑血细胞长轴、短轴分别为二倍体的1.34、1.14倍(P<0.01)。三倍体金虎杂交斑血细胞体积、表面积分别为二倍体的2.07和1.54倍(P<0.01),三倍体金虎杂交斑血细胞核长轴、短轴、核表面积、核体积分别为二倍体的1.22、1.05、1.29、1.57倍(P<0.01)。通过头肾-秋水仙素注射法进行染色体核型分析结果显示,二倍体金虎杂交斑的染色体数目为48,核型为2n=48=2sm+46t, NF=50,三倍体金虎杂交斑的染色体数目为72,核型为3n=72=1m+2sm+69t,NF=75,未发现有性染色体。实验结果为石斑鱼杂交种多倍体育种提供了丰富生物学基础数据。 相似文献
5.
我国太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)三倍体育苗与养殖技术研究进展 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
主要介绍太平洋牡蛎三倍体的基础研究和产业化显示度。在基础研究方面 ,主要阐述了三倍体诱导技术、活体倍性快速检测技术、诱导剂对受精卵和胚胎超微结构的影响、三倍体牡蛎核型与带型、三倍体牡蛎同工酶的表达及快速生长机理等方面的技术储备 ;在产业化显示度方面 ,综述了三倍体牡蛎育苗与养殖的技术及效果 相似文献
6.
扇贝科染色体研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
扇贝科(Pectinidae)有300多个现存种,是双壳贝类中重要的一支,广泛分布于世界的各大洋中,并且具有重要的经济价值[1]。栉孔扇贝(Chlamys far-reri)、海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians irradians)、虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)、华贵栉孔扇贝(Mimachlamys nobilis)是我国主要的扇贝养殖种类,养殖年产量达120万t多,居世界首位。随着近年来扇贝养殖业的快速发展,其遗传育种研究取得显著成果,细胞遗传学是遗传育种研究的基础,也是开展遗传育种工作的重要理论依据。扇贝的细胞遗传学研究主要涉及核型分析、染色体鉴别、细胞遗传学图构建以及染色体结构和功能分析。由于扇贝染色体数目多,形态接近,很难从形态上区分不同的染色体,这在较长一段时期内,阻碍着细胞遗传学研究的深入开展。到目前为止,国内外已有核型报道的扇贝仅有14种,开展了带型研究的扇贝有8种,近年来荧光原位杂交技术在扇贝细胞遗传学中的应用,加快了扇贝染色体的研究进程,包括在扇贝染色体进化、细胞遗传学图构建、功能基因定位等方面均取得了突破性进展[2-27]。本文总结近年来扇贝染色体研究的相关文献,对扇贝染色体研究方面近年来取得的成果进行综述,并对将来的应用前景作一展望。 相似文献
7.
受试僧帽牡蛎（Ｏｓｔｒｅａｃｕｃｕｌａｔａ）暴露在含有久效磷农药的海水中养育７ｄ,取鳃用空气干燥法制片,观察数千个早中期、中期细胞分裂相末发现微核、染色体结构变异及其它染色体畸变现象。但随久效磷浓度的增加细胞分裂相明显减少。处理过程中投饵和换水的僧帽牡蛎的细胞分裂相明显高于不投饵、不换水;但投饵和换水的僧帽牡蛎随久效磷浓度的增加细胞分裂被抑制的比率又快于不投饵、不换水。经久效磷处理的各组僧帽牡蛎核型与对照组的核型均为２ｎ＝２０,２０ｍ,ＮＦ＝４０。研究结果指出：双壳类的僧帽牡蛎对久效磷农药的毒性不敏感,在所试浓度范围内,并不引起染色体损伤的遗传效应,但产生抑制鳃细胞分裂的效应 相似文献
8.
对法国Douarnenez海湾拟庸鲽Pleuronectes platessa L.的食性进行了研究。依据一些常见的饵料指标,多毛类动物和双壳类动物为拟庸鲽的主要饵料;饵料双壳类动物贝壳厚度上限随着捕食鱼类的增长而提高。对拟庸鲽种内营养关系的对应分析表明,基本饵料的刚性和易捕性与捕食鱼类的体长关系密切;同时也揭示,某些鱼类食性综合指标并非总是有效的。 相似文献
9.
微型藻类的营养价值,对于确定其是否适合作为双壳类动物幼虫和稚贝发育的鲜饵料是很重要的依据。日本学者对适合作为太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)幼虫鲜饵料的四种藻类:角刺藻(Chaetoceros gracilis)、角刺藻(C. calcitrans)、陆兹尔巴夫藻(Pavlova lutheri)和海水小球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)进行了探讨和比较。 用上述四种藻类分别投喂太平洋牡蛎幼虫21天后发现:角刺藻(C. gracilis)、角刺藻(C. 相似文献
10.
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
14.
15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
17.
18.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
19.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
20.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献