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1.
海洋沉积硅藻研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综述了国外近40 a海洋沉积硅藻表层组合及其在地层划分与对比、古地理环境重建、海平面升降和岸线变迁等方面的应用,以及硅藻休眠孢子化石的分类学、地层学和分子系统发育学研究的最新进展.对中国海洋沉积硅藻的研究进展作了概述,基本查明了渤海、黄海、东海、南海4大海区表层硅藻属种组成及表层硅藻组合面貌;利用硅藻组合进行了地层划分与对比、古海洋环境演变过程的研究;并将各种数理统计方法结合到硅藻分析中,使中国海洋沉积硅藻研究逐渐由定性或半定量向定量研究发展.但在利用硅藻进行古环境定量重建等方面,与国外的研究还存在一定差距.今后应加强建立现代硅藻-环境变量数据库、表层沉积生物硅的溶解、硅藻休眠孢子化石的分类学和地层学等方面的研究. 相似文献
2.
针对条斑紫菜栽培过程中出现的有害藻类问题,进行了叶状体和丝状体有害藻类分离与鉴定等相关研究。通过形态学分析和分子生物学鉴定,发现叶状体中的杂藻主要有大型绿藻(浒苔、曲浒苔)、大型红藻(红毛菜)以及微型绿藻和硅藻,丝状体中的杂藻主要为褐藻、微型绿藻和硅藻。针对部分微型杂藻进行了抑制剂处理实验,结果表明低浓度的抗生素可以有效抑制部分硅藻和绿藻的生长,二氧化锗对硅藻生长具有显著的抑制效果。研究结果为系统、全面认识条斑紫菜栽培过程中的有害藻类提供了科学依据。 相似文献
3.
硅藻是海洋浮游植物主要类群和海洋生态系统的重要初级生产者,其硅质壁的存在使其成为了海洋生物硅的最大贡献者,而且成为海洋碳汇的主要来源。因此,硅质壁形成机制的阐明至关重要。硅酸盐转运是硅藻硅质壁形成中的关键,阐明其转运机制对建立硅藻代谢途径模型和进一步理解硅藻在海洋生态系统及生物地球化学循环中的作用具有重大意义。硅酸盐转运子(silicate transporter,SIT)是硅藻中参与硅吸收或转运的一类膜蛋白,因其重要性及多样性成为讨论及研究的焦点。本文综述了硅藻中SIT的分子特征、分子机制、功能多样性及进化关系,为SIT转运机制的研究提供了理论基础。 相似文献
4.
目前国内利用定量分析的方法研究河口区古环境屈指可数,闽江口尚缺乏相关研究,本研究旨在闽江口建立硅藻-盐度转换函数,为今后研究闽江口古环境提供科学依据。在对闽江口表层沉积硅藻进行CCA分析后,结果表明盐度对硅藻属种变化具有最大解释量,并在研究区划分出4个区,Ⅰ区硅藻分布受河口外沿岸水体影响;Ⅱ区硅藻分布受潮汐上溯海水入侵影响;Ⅲ区硅藻分布受到潮汐与径流共同影响;Ⅳ区硅藻分布主要受径流影响。通过剔除异常站位及模型比选等手段确定最优硅藻-盐度转换函数为WA-PLS模型下Component 5模型,转换函数关系式为S拟=0. 25+1. 007S实,并以2. 76的平均误差作为补偿提升转换函数精度。 相似文献
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Paul A. Montagna Bruce C. Coull Teresa L. Herring Bettye W. Dudley 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,17(4):381-394
Samples were taken bi-weekly for one year at a sand site and a mud site in the North Inlet Estuary, Georgetown, South Carolina, for meiofauna, their suspected microbial food (bacteria and diatoms), and associated physical factors. Linear regression techniques were used to correlate food abundance and physical factors with the density of meiofaunal taxa. At both sites diatoms positively correlated with meiofauna taxa, but bacteria did not. Physical factors were not correlated with meiofaunal or microbial abundances at the sand site. Whereas, at the mud site meiofauna and diatom abundances were positively correlated with the depth of the redox layer and inversely correlated with temperature. Peaks of meiofaunal abundance did not follow peaks of food abundance. Analysis of copepods at the species level indicated that taxa response was due to the response of the dominant species. Even though some correlations existed, this study suggests that copepod species and meiofauna at the gross taxonomic level do not respond to changes in potential food abundance. Physical factors apparently influence both meiofauna and diatoms in the same fashion. However, bacterial abundance was not positively correlated with any of the factors studied. 相似文献
7.
Association of the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis and epibiotic barnacle Balanus rostratus: inter‐specific interactions and trophic relationships determined by fatty acid analysis 
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下载免费PDF全文 Marine mollusks provide shelter to epibiotic organisms which settle on the outer surface of their hard shells. Epibionts can exert beneficial or detrimental effects on the host mollusk. In this study, the ecology of the association of the commercially valuable marine mobile scallop Patinopecten (=Mizuhopecten) yessoensis with its epibiotic barnacle Balanus rostratus was investigated. Fatty acid analysis was performed to determine the trophic relationships between these species. The distribution of fatty acid markers in this scallop species suggests an important contribution of diatoms, flagellates and animal material in its diet. The fatty acid analysis indicated a predominance of diatoms in the diet of the adult barnacles and some detrital input into the diets of young individuals. It was found that adult barnacles may compete with the scallops for food sources such as diatoms and zooplankton. It was revealed that with a negligible biomass of epibionts, the interactions between the barnacle and scallop may be regarded as commensalisms. An increase in the weight of epibiotic barnacles resulted in decreases in the weights and shell heights of the scallops, testifying to the adverse influence of a high biomass of epibionts on their host. 相似文献
8.
F. Regoli M. Nigro E. Chierici C. Cerrano S. Schiapparelli C. Totti G. Bavestrello 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):637
The role of endosymbiotic diatoms as pro-oxidant stressors in porifera has been investigated in the Antarctic sponge Haliclona dancoi in which the presence of diatoms is influenced by marked seasonal variations during the austral summer. Both chlorophaeopigments and frustules were absent in sponge tissues sampled in early November at the beginning of the summer and increased from the mid of December with slightly shifted temporal trends. The efficiency of antioxidant defenses in the sponge showed a marked response to symbionts with clearly enhanced values corresponding to the peak of diatoms. 相似文献
9.
Uta Passow Megan A. French Maya Robert 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(12):1147-1157
The majority of opal produced by diatoms dissolves during their sedimentation to the seafloor, but spatial and temporal variability of dissolution rates are large. Controlled laboratory experiments using live phytoplankton or phyto-detritus may help identify the different processes, including those that are biologically mediated or physico-chemically driven, that impact the dissolution of frustules and the aforementioned variability. Results of eight bSiO2 dissolution experiments, seven of which were conducted at low temperatures (<6 °C) are presented within the context of earlier similar studies, and different phases of dissolution dynamics characterized. TEP concentration, aggregation and the physiological status of the diatoms determined the period during which diatoms may maintain the protective membrane that surrounds their frustule and effectively reduces or completely inhibits (lag period) dissolution for some time. Once diatoms loose the capability to maintain their protective membrane, bacterial activity compromises it. Physico-chemical dissolution, which depends on frustule structure and abiotic environmental conditions, begins once the protective membrane is damaged. The ability of diatoms to maintain their membrane, the bacterial composition and activity governing its degradation, and the physico-chemical dissolution dynamics of exposed frustules are all impacted by temperature. In our experiments instantaneous dissolution rates were not dependant on bSiO2 concentration at low temperatures, although such a relationship was observed under otherwise identical conditions at 15 °C, implying that biotic factors rather than physico-chemical processes initially dominated dissolution at polar temperatures. Since inhibition of bSiO2 dissolution at low temperatures was inhibited to a greater extent than organic matter degradation, we postulate that it was not reduced bacterial activity but the enhanced ability of diatoms to maintain their membrane and thus withstand microbial attack that caused the low initial dissolution rates at <6 °C. In situ, interactions between the different biotic and abiotic processes impacting dissolution combined with differences in sinking velocity of diatom aggregates and grazing effects could easily explain high spatial and temporal variability in the accumulation of diatoms on the seafloor. Simple calculations based on our experimental results suggest that Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, for example, would be appreciably more likely to reach the seafloor than Chaetoceros debilis if both grow at low growth rates, e.g. under growth limiting conditions. However, dissolution behavior of Chaetoceros debilis during sedimentation may differ under conditions where this species forms large blooms. 相似文献
10.
V.N. de Jonge 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,21(5):607-622
The role of ‘sand’ (particles >55 μm) as a substratum for benthic diatoms was investigated, using sediments collected from tidal flats and main channels in the Ems estuary. On average, 13% of the sand grains were occupied by one or more diatom cells. It appeared that 80% of the diatom cells in this fraction were present in or on mud coating the sand grains. Of the sand grains in the water, 7% were occupied by diatom cells. The preference of benthic diatoms for the mud coatings rather than the bare parts of the sand grains stresses the importance of ‘mud’ (particles <55 μm) as a substratum for diatoms on the tidal flats. This was confirmed by separate cell counts for the mud and sand fractions.Of the sand grains with attached diatoms, the mean number of diatom cells per grain in the water was similar to that on the tidal flats. This indicates a large exchange of sand between tidal flats and channels. A similar exchange between tidal flats and possibly a shift in the species composition. These processes suggested by the striking similarities in cell number distribution and species composition in samples from these two habitats. However, on exposed tidal flats certain species were present in lower numbers than in the channels, indicating that loosely attached diatoms can be scoured off their substratum. Consequently, two factors are assumed to contribute to the dynamics of the species composition of benthic diatoms. The first is the adhesion capacity of diatoms and the second is sediment sorting by currents and waves. These factors cause a differential but significant flux of benthic diatoms to and from the channels, followed by changes over time in the diatom populations on the tidal flats and possibility a shift in the species composition. These processes show that the terms ‘epipelic’ and ‘epipsammic’ are not helpful to classify the main components of the diatom flora in this estuary. 相似文献
11.
Regoli F Nigro M Chierici E Cerrano C Schiapparelli S Totti C Bavestrello G 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):637-640
The role of endosymbiotic diatoms as pro-oxidant stressors in porifera has been investigated in the Antarctic sponge Haliclona dancoi in which the presence of diatoms is influenced by marked seasonal variations during the austral summer. Both chlorophaeopigments and frustules were absent in sponge tissues sampled in early November at the beginning of the summer and increased from the mid of December with slightly shifted temporal trends. The efficiency of antioxidant defenses in the sponge showed a marked response to symbionts with clearly enhanced values corresponding to the peak of diatoms. 相似文献
12.
2013年4月，2014年5月，2012年6月和2015年10月在印度尼西亚北部苏拉维斯蓝碧海峡（Lembeh Strait）进行了4个航次的海洋生态调查，研究了蓝碧海峡的浮游植物种类组成，以及浮游植物群落结构的季节变化及其驱动因子。四个航次的调查中记录了5类浮游植物和416个种（类）。调查区浮游植物密度平均为2348cells/L，硅藻和甲藻种类最多。蓝藻种类最少，但丰度很高。季风转换期的4月份和10月份浮游植物丰度总量较低，东南季风期间5月份和6月份的浮游植物丰度较高。除了束毛藻（Trichodesmium）之外，常见种是浮游硅藻。浮游植物的丰度和多样性的季节性变化明显。海链藻（Thalassionema）、拟菱形藻（Pseudo-nitzschia）和蓝藻类的束毛藻对群落的不相似性贡献最大。由于蓝碧海峡南部营养盐浓度较高，南部水域的硅藻和甲藻密度稍高于海峡北部。虽然，南北两个水体中蓝藻的分布趋于均匀，但蓝碧海峡南部也有较高密度。与雅加达湾以及中国的一些海湾相比，蓝碧海峡的浮游植物丰度相当低。分析表明，SE季风期间上升流营养盐是左右浮游植物丰度月变化的重要因素。蓝碧海峡浮游生态系原始，且接近天然本底，人类活动背景噪声低，能够清晰地响应大环境的变化，是研究浮游生态系统的理想区域。 相似文献
13.
Adria M. Lassiter Frances P. Wilkerson Richard C. Dugdale Victoria E. Hogue 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2006,53(25-26):3063
Elevated levels of phytoplankton were observed at the Northern California coastal upwelling ecosystem studied as part of the CoOP-WEST project during monthly summer surveys in 2000, 2001 and 2002. The high concentrations of chlorophyll were made up mostly of larger cells; the phytoplankton communities that resulted were dominated by centric diatoms. The highest chlorophyll a concentrations were observed when large diatoms or small colony-forming species dominated the assemblages. In contrast, when smaller nano-flagellates and picoplankton were dominant, total chlorophyll a concentrations were over four or five-fold lower than when diatoms were prevalent, illustrating the importance of large diatoms to total phytoplankton biomass. Each year, when chlorophyll concentrations were greatest, Chaetoceros species created a Chaetoceros-dominated system. A few other genera contributed to the upwelling diatom community, mostly the centric diatoms Asterionella, Thalassiosira, Rhizosolenia (including Guinardia and Proboscia), and the pennate Nitzschia. These diatoms have been described in other coastal upwelling ecosystems, and at this study site form a functional group that are apparently well adapted to the high-nutrient, turbulent conditions that are typical of these coastal regions. 相似文献
14.
The effects of bacterial films on diatom attachment were examined in short-term laboratory experiments, comparing the density of immotile pennate diatoms attached to plates previously coated with bacterial films (BP) with that of sterile plates (SP). The predominant diatom and bacterium wereSynedra sp. andAlcaligenes sp., respectively. There was no significant difference between densities of diatoms on SP and those on BP at each contact time (2, 5, 10, 30, 60 min), although bacterial densities on BP were 17 to 185 times those on SP. Moreover, SEM observations showed that the percentage of diatoms in contact with bacteria on SP were quite low. The results of this study indicate that a bacterial film is not always necessary for diatoms to attach to substrata and that the film ofAlcaligenes sp. had no effect on the attachment ofSynedra sp. 相似文献
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陆斗定 《海洋学报(英文版)》1987,6(4):599-612
Phytoplankton samples were collected bi-weekly by towing a 20 urn mesh net in the Indian River Lagoon from January to August, 1985. Two-way ANOVA and T-method was used in analyzing data. Identified were 145 species of phytoplankton including 89 species of diatoms and 54 species of dinoflagellates which led to the discovery of some subtle succession patterns of phytoplankton. 相似文献
17.
胞外多聚物(extracellular polymeric substance, EPS)是海洋底栖硅藻在水下表面附着时分泌的物质,环境因素对胞外多聚物的组成和分泌行为有直接影响,本文重点探讨了氧含量和附着面积对胞外多聚物的影响。采用热溶剂浸提法提取硅藻胞外多聚物,利用苯酚-硫酸法定量其中的多糖成分,利用考马斯亮蓝G-250法定量蛋白质成分,通过血球计数板法和紫外分光光度法计算细胞数量。结果表明,在氧含量高、可附着面积大的条件下,硅藻的生长繁殖速率快,且单个细胞的胞外多聚物分泌量大。氧含量对胞外多聚物主要成分中的水溶性多糖含量影响大,而对其余成分含量影响小。可附着面积对硅藻附着和生长的影响比氧含量影响小。 相似文献
18.
RG Barlow T Lamont M-J Gibberd M van den Berg K Britz 《African Journal of Marine Science》2015,37(4):467-484
Phytoplankton community structure was elucidated during summer and winter in the KwaZulu-Natal Bight using pigment and CHEMTAX analyses. The surface pattern in January 2010 indicated that diatoms, haptophytes and prasinophytes tended to be the most prominent groups inshore and in the southern sector of the bight, whereas Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus were more dominant in the north and towards the offshore region. At the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), diatoms were dominant in the inner bight and in the south, with prasinophytes being the prominent flagellates, but this changed to Prochlorococcus and pelagophytes being the important groups in the northern sector and outer part of the bight. A different pattern was observed at the surface in July 2010, where diatoms, haptophytes, prasinophytes and cryptophytes in varying proportions comprised most of the community in the inner half of the bight, whereas Synechococcus and haptophytes were the main groups in the outer sector. A similar pattern occurred at the DCM, except that Synechococcus was less prominent and pelagophytes were distributed across the bight in both the inshore and offshore zones. Observations and relationships between phytoplankton groups and environmental parameters indicated that the groups were most closely related to temperature, accounting for 24–64% of the deviance. The influence of nutrients on phytoplankton was less clear but nitrate and silicate seemed to account for some of the patchy distribution patterns. 相似文献
19.
本文应用顶空固相微萃取气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对威氏海链藻Thalassiosira weissflogii、小新月菱形藻Nitzschia closterium、角毛藻Chaetoceros calcitrons 3种硅藻的挥发性成分进行分析。结果表明,在3种硅藻的培养过程中,其挥发性成分除了壬醛及醇类呈现先增后降的趋势外,大多数不饱和醛类的含量在不断增加,烷烯烃类物质在不断减少,而乙酸乙酯、2-甲基-2-丙酸甲酯这类酯类化合物在角毛藻衰败期会显著富集。通过对代表性饵料硅藻的挥发性成分进行研究,可为海水养殖过程中微藻投喂种类、投喂时机的选择提供理论依据,并为海洋硅藻的进一步开发奠定基础。 相似文献
20.
Diatom succession and silicon removal from freshwater in estuarine mixing zones: From experiment to modelling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Estuaries act as filters for land derived material reducing the river input to the coastal zone. Silicon (Si) removal from freshwater which is tightly linked to the growth of diatoms was studied in the estuarine mixing zone where the mixing of freshwater and seawater results in a salinity gradient. Three planktonic diatom species with different origin and salinity tolerance were grown in an artificial salinity gradient. Salinity stress and nutrient depletion led to a specific succession of the three diatoms along the salinity gradient. When available light was increased, diatoms reached higher biomass and the Si removal from water column was more efficient along the mixing. From this experiment, a conceptual model of Si transformations and removal from freshwater was build and applied to an idealized stratified estuary. Sensitivity analysis with varying initial conditions and parameter values pointed transit time of freshwater in the estuary, freshwater and seawater mixing rate and river turbidity as important interactive factors influencing Si removal from freshwater. Other factors like the total amount and the salinity tolerance of diatoms in the upstream river were shown to significantly affect riverine Si removal from the surface layer of an estuary. Finally it appears that Si removal from freshwater in estuarine mixing zones proceeds in two ways: a first rapid death and sedimentation of planktonic stenohaline diatoms imported from the river and second, the growth and subsequent settling of planktonic euryhaline diatoms of either freshwater or marine origin. 相似文献