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利用在南海东沙群岛北部至西北海域为工程目的所采集的海底地形测量、底质取样、海底底流测量资料,以及以往的区域地质、地球物理资料,采用沉积学、构造学和海洋水动力学综合研究方法,对该区海底沙波形成及稳定性进行了综合分析。认为该区海底沙波是在目前水动力环境下所形成,为今生,海底表层沉积物为晚更新世地层受到冲刷改造的再沉积。沙波形成主要受潮流底流的水动力作用控制,并与构造抬升有关。沙波具有一定的活动性,主要由SE向NW方向移动,且活动性逐渐减弱。北区段海底沙波稳定,中区段海底沙波较稳定,它们对海底工程建设不会造成影响;而南区段海底沙波较为活动,当沙波发生较大规模移动时,对海底工程建设会造成一定影响。 相似文献
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黄河水下三角洲沉积物输运及海底冲淤研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据黄河水下三角洲的特点,建立了一个垂直平均二维沉积物输运数学模型,结合潮流和沉积物资料,模拟研究了沉积物输运机制和海底冲淤演变过程。模拟结果表明,垂直河口射流的潮流决定了本区沉积物净输运的总体格局,风应力对悬浮泥沙和推移质泥沙运动也起到重要作用。潮流底应力和活动层厚度分布表明,黄河口门和埕岛油田附近海域是潮流底应力和活动层厚度高值区,为沉积物活跃区,海底稳定性弱,易于侵蚀再搬运。冲淤计算表明,埕岛油田附近海域为冲刷中心区;现在河口水下三角洲在断流时为冲刷区,正常行河时则转为淤积区。 相似文献
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基于日照万平口海区三期水深地形调查资料、水动力及海底沉积物调查数据,研究了日照石臼港海域人工岬湾海滩建设前后波浪场的变化、沉积物在波浪作用下沿岸输运变化及海岸侵蚀冲淤特征,并模拟验证了人工沙滩建设后的平衡岸线,明确了不同长度防波堤建设后海滩的稳定性及其设计的合理性。结果表明:防波堤建设前研究区入射波浪与岸线有一定夹角,导致波浪作用下沉积物有由南向北输移的趋势;人工岬湾的建设可改变近岸波浪场,继而影响沿岸泥沙输运,对岸滩稳定有重要影响;海岸工程、波浪场及泥沙输运三者相互作用,是人工岬湾海岸稳定性的关键因素。 相似文献
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研究环流和沉积物输运对北部湾的环境保护和资源开发十分重要。本文使用区域海洋模型（ROMS）,研究了北部湾海域的季节环流、沉积物输运以及长期的地形演变过程。展示了湾内冬季和夏季都存在逆时针环流,冬季的风生环流比夏季强的特征。悬沙浓度较大值主要分布在琼州海峡、海南岛西侧海域,以及越南沿岸、雷州半岛沿岸等近岸地区。沉积物在琼州海峡附近表现为在冬季由东向西输运,夏季则相反;在琼州海峡西口处,沉积物全年以西向输运为主。结果显示,北部湾内沉积物输运主要由潮流引起的再悬浮控制。侵蚀和淤积的分布模式为：（1）湾内大部分区域侵蚀淤积不明显,（2）琼州海峡两侧口门附近淤积比较明显,（3）琼州海峡内深槽侵蚀严重,（4）海南岛西侧海域存在侵蚀和淤积交替发生区域。 相似文献
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海底沉积物运动可由重力作用引起，它常以水下滑坡的形式出现，对高含水量的细颗粒物质尤其是如此(林振宏等，1990)；在陆架和陆坡区，水下滑坡可由于地震等事件而诱发。此外，海底稳定性还与水流作用引起的沉积物运动有关，沉积物输运造成相应的堆积和冲刷，从而改变海底的形态。在许多环境中，沉积物输运是控制海底稳定性的主要因素。海底某处高程在一定时段内的变化系由活动层厚度、冲淤量和底部地貌形态(Bedforms)迁移造成的变化等3部分构成(图1)，故海底稳定性可分解为以下3个问题：(1)沉积物活动时间(即在一定时段内海底沉积物处于运动状态的时间长度或百分比)和活动层厚度(图1A)；(2)沉积物运动所造成的冲刷、淤积及其速率(图1B)；(3)底部地貌形态的迁移速率及其造成的海床高程变化(图1C)。
海底沙丘和潮流沙脊是常见的海底地貌形态，有关专家认为(Ashley et al., 1990)，海底沙丘是大沙波(波长>30m)、小沙波(波长6-30m)、大波痕(波长0.6-6m)等形态的总称，它可以在沉积物供给充足、大潮流速达到0.6-1.0m/s的海底形成(Stride，1982)。潮流沙脊的规模大于海底沙丘，其高度可达20m以上，两脊之间相距10km左右，形成的流速条件为0.7-1.3m/s，其脊线几乎平行于潮流流向。海底沙丘和湖流沙脊的空间分布上往往具有重现性，即可以形成一系列的沙丘或沙脊。据沉积动力学研究的初步结果，这种周期性的分布与潮流流场特征(如潮流长短轴之比，主流流速、主流不稳定性等)和海底沉积物平面分布的非均匀性有关(Huthnance，1982a, 1982b；Hulscher et al.，1993；Liu，1997)。潮流沙脊可与海底沙丘伴生(Stride，1982；Amos et al.，1984)，此类形态的存在说明海底是处于活动和演变的状态，这往往给海洋工程带来一系列的问题。
本文应用水动力学、沉积动力学数学模型方法对砂质海底的上述3个问题分别提出解决方案，从而建立海底稳定性的评估方法。本文还叙述了来自海南岛西部海域的一个算例，以说明该方法的应用步骤和结果解译。 相似文献
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海南岛博鳌港水体交换的初步研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
依据全潮水文观测资料，估算了博鳌港的水体交换参数。结果表明，博鳌港北部(占整个纳潮水域的1／3)的水体交换特征是：在不考虑河流淡水输入的情况下，一个进入口门的海水质点将在湾内平均停留6．7个潮周期(7．4d)，区内50％的水体被外海水替换所需要的时间为5d，80％的水体交换所需时间为11d；如果考虑万泉河的淡水输入，则水交换的速度更快(不到1d)。与之相反，博鳌港南部(即沙美内海渴湖)水交换速度则相对较慢。在博鳌亚洲论坛会址今后的建设过程中，应注意保持博鳌港(包括沙美内海)与外海水交换的通畅，以保护区内良好的生态环境。 相似文献
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东海内陆架表层沉积物粒度及其净输运模式 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据对东海内陆架海底沉积物的粒度测试,运用Gao-Collins"粒度趋势分析"方法,探讨了东海内陆架海底表层沉积物的粒度分布特征和净输运趋势。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物可以分为两类:细颗粒(>5Φ)和粗颗粒(<5Φ);细颗粒分布于研究区的大部分区域,而粗颗粒主要分布在闽江、瓯江等入海河流口门以及马祖等海岛附近;表层沉积物的平均粒径、分选系数、偏态等粒度参数对应性较好,总体特征为粒径越粗,分选越差,偏态更正偏,而粒径越细,分选越好,偏态也较低;粒径趋势分析显示东海陆架表层沉积物的运移模式总体为NE—WS方向运移,而研究区边缘在运移过程中发生向左右两侧的偏移,南部闽江河口区沉积物由近岸向海方向辐射运移,研究区表层沉积物的净输运模式主要受控于流系和地形等多种因素。 相似文献
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对ODP164航次获取的沉积物进行了土工性质的测试：（1）在船上对采自开普菲尔底辟、布莱克海脊底辟和布莱克海脊的沉积物进行了常规强度比测试（2）在实验室对采自995A孔（位于布莱克海脊）的沉积物进行了阿特堡界限、小型十字板剪切强度、微型贯入强度以及等应变速率固结试验等项目的测试。研究区域具有沉积速率很高并赋存水合物的特点，此次研究的主要目的是为了解该区域沉积物应力史。根据结果显示，总的来说，布莱克海脊的沉积物除了近表层以外其他层位都表现为明显的欠固结状态。与周围站位相比，位于开普菲尔底辟上的993A孔通过侵蚀或块体坡移作用至少缺失了10m厚的海底表土。 相似文献
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黄河水下三角洲位于半封闭的渤海内部,海底沉积物中重金属Cu污染严重,且该区域多发风暴潮,引起沉积物再悬浮甚至液化,导致沉积物中重金属Cu重新释放进入海水中。本研究以黄河口粉质土作为底床,采用室内波浪水槽试验模拟重金属Cu在不同水动力条件下,通过静态扩散、底床未液化状态下再悬浮以及底床液化状态下再悬浮3种方式进入上覆水体的释放过程。结果表明:上覆水体中重金属Cu的浓度分布与悬浮泥沙浓度分布密切相关,呈现出一致的变化规律;沉积物液化会明显促进重金属Cu向上覆水体中释放,底床液化再悬浮阶段上覆水体中溶解态Cu的浓度为静态扩散阶段的18倍,为底床非液化再悬浮阶段的11倍;此外,底床液化会导致沉积物中重金属Cu向深处扩散,扩散深度约为沉积物液化深度的一半。 相似文献
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Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction. 相似文献
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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
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Klaus Kremling 《Marine Chemistry》1983,13(2):87-108
In June 1981, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn were determined from two detailed profiles in anoxic Baltic waters (with extra data for Fe and Mn from August 1979). Dramatic changes across the O2H2S interface occur in the abundances of Cu, Co, Fe, and Mn (by factors of ?100). The concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Ni at the redox front decrease by factors between 3 to 5.Equilibrium calculations are presented for varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and compared with the field data. The study strongly supports the assumption that the solubility of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni is greatly enhanced and controlled by the formation of bisulfide and(or) polysulfide complexes. Differences between predicted and measured concentrations of these elements are mainly evident at lower ΣH2S concentrations.Cobalt proved to be very mobile in anoxic regions, and the results indicate that the concentrations are limited by CoS precipitation. The iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) distribution in sulfide-containing waters is controlled by total flux from sediment-water interfaces rather than by equilibrium concentrations of their solid phases (FeS and MnCO3). The concentrations of these metals are therefore expected to increase with prolonged stagnation periods in the basin. 相似文献
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P.N. Froelich L.W. Kaul J.T. Byrd M.O. Andreae K.K. Roe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(3):239-264
Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NO3, PO4, Si), germanium species, arsenic species, tin, barium, dimethylsulfide and related parameters were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor. Phosphate enrichment from the phosphate industry on the Peace River promotes a productive diatom bloom near the river mouth where NO3 and Si are completely consumed. Inorganic germanium is completely depleted in this bloom by uptake into biogenic opal. The ratio taken up by diatoms is about 0·7 × 10?6, the same as that provided by the river flux, confirming that siliceous organisms incorporate germanium as an accidental trace replacement for silica. Monomethylgermanium and dimethylgermanium concentrations are undetectable in the Peace River, and increase linearly with increasing salinity to the seawater end of the bay, suggesting that these organogermanium species behave conservatively in estuaries, and are neither produced nor consumed during estuarine biogenic opal formation or dissolution. Inorganic arsenic displays slight removal in the bloom. Monomethylarsenic is produced both in the bloom and in mid-estuary, while dimethylarsenic is conservative in the bloom but produced in mid-estuary. The total production of methylarsenicals within the bay approximately balances the removal of inorganic arsenic, suggesting that most biological arsenic uptake in the estuary is biomethylated and released to the water column. Dimethylsulfide increases with increasing salinity in the estuary and shows evidence of removal, probably both by degassing and by microbial consumption. An input of DMS is observed in the central estuary. The behavior of total dissolvable tin shows no biological activity in the bloom or in mid-estuary, but does display a low-salinity input signal that parallels dissolved organic material, perhaps suggesting an association between tin and DOM. Barium displays dramatic input behavior at mid-salinities, probably due to slow release from clays deposited in the harbor after catastrophic phosphate slime spills into the Peace River. 相似文献
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Linjie Zheng Tomoharu Minami Shotaro Takano Hideki Minami Yoshiki Sohrin 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(5):669-685
A central theme of the ongoing GEOTRACES program is to improve the understanding of processes occurring at ocean interfaces with continents, sediments, and ocean crust. In this context, we studied the distributions of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb around the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JdFR) in total dissolvable (td), dissolved (d), and labile particulate (lp) fractions, which represent a fraction in unfiltered samples, filtered samples through an AcroPak capsule filter, and the difference between td and d, respectively. Al and Fe were dominated by lp-species, while Ni, Zn, and Cd were dominated by d-species with undetectable amounts of lp-species. Major findings in this study are as follows: (1) The continental margin (CM) provided large sources of Al, Mn, Fe, and Co from the surface to ~2000 m in depth. The supply from CM caused high surface concentrations of dMn and dCo, a subsurface (100–300 m depth) maximum of dCo, and intermediate (500–2000 m depth) maxima of lpAl and lpFe. The supply of dFe from CM was ~10 times that from the high-temperature hydrothermal activity at station BD21, which is located at ~3 km from the Middle Valley venting site and ~ 200 km from Vancouver Island. (2) DPb was maximum at the top layer of North Pacific Intermediate Water, probably owing to isopycnal transport of anthropogenic Pb via advection of subducted surface waters. Although dCo and dPb had different sources in the upper water, they showed a strong linearity below 300 m (r 2 = 0.95, n = 38), indicating concurrent scavenging. (3) A high-temperature hydrothermal plume occurred at a depth of 2300 m at BD21, accounting for maxima of dAl, dMn, dFe, lpCu, and lpPb and a minimum of dCu. (4) Strong bottom maxima of lpAl, lpMn, lpFe, lpCo, and lpPb occurred above the abyssal plain at the western foot of the JdFR, indicating resuspension of sediments. However, bottom maxima of d-species were apparent only for dAl and dCu. 相似文献